Pathogen-induced Defense Strategies in Plants

Qari Muhammad Imran,윤병욱 한국작물학회 2020 Journal of crop science and biotechnology Vol.23 No.2

Plants are the ultimate producers of this ecosystem and effect human life directly and/or indirectly. However, being sessile organisms, plants are susceptible to several adverse environmental conditions and pathogen ingress resulting in huge losses to yield and productivity. Therefore, plans are continuously evolving complex regulatory networks to respond to these environmental changes. Due to its impact on pre- and post-harvest losses, biotic stress is of great concern to plant scientists. Interpreting the underlying mechanism of plant response to biotic stresses is therefore of great importance. A brief account about these hostile conditions and plants responses towards them is described in this review.

Transcriptome wide identification and characterization of NO-responsive WRKY transcription factors in <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> L.

Imran, Qari Muhammad,Hussain, Adil,Mun, Bong-Gyu,Lee, Sang Uk,Asaf, Sajjad,Ali, Muhammad Amjad,Lee, In-Jung,Yun, Byung-Wook Elsevier 2018 Environmental and experimental botany Vol.148 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>WRKY transcription factors are important plant-specific regulatory genes characterized by one or two conserved WRKY domain(s) usually followed by a zinc-finger motif. In this study using <I>Arabidopsis thaliana</I>, the RNA-Seq based transcriptomic analysis showed differential expression of 33 genes encoding WRKY TFs in response to the nitric oxide (NO) donor S-Nitrosocysteine (CySNO). Interestingly, 93.9% of these TFs were up-regulated with at least 2-fold change, suggesting their putative involvement in NO mediated gene regulation. GO- analysis of all the 33 transcriptomic elements showed their putative involvement in biological processes such as abiotic stress tolerance and defense against fungal pathogens (89.39 fold enrichment). Analysis of the NO-responsive AtWRKY TFs promoter region revealed the presence of the <I>cis</I>-acting elements such as ABRE, EIRE, ERE, and MBS involved in osmotic stress response, maximal elicitor-mediated activation, and drought-stress regulation. The analysis of NO-responsive AtWRKY TF motifs and their comparison with rice, soybean, and tomato orthologs suggested that members of the WRKY family belonging to the same group shared similar motifs and phylogenetic tree suggested that these TFs were highly conserved. Validation of transcriptomic data through quantitative real time-PCR showed a high correlation coefficient (0.85) indicating the high reliability and similarity of both types of analysis. Comparison of the NO-responsive and non-responsive WRKYs showed the presence of tyrosine (T) and cysteine (C) residues at a distance of 7 residues from the WRKYGQK motif which may serve as potential targets for modification by NO via tyrosine nitration and S-nitrosylation. We also validated the response of WRKYs through <I>in vivo</I> analysis using <I>atwrky62</I> loss of function mutant and the results indicated a negative role of <I>AtWRKY62</I> in plant growth. Furthermore, <I>atwrky62</I> showed significantly less SNO contents compared to wild type plants indicating putative role of <I>AtWRKY</I>62 in NO metabolism.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> The expression of more than 90% of the NO-responsive WRKY TFs was up-regulated within 6 h of CySNO infiltration. </LI> <LI> NO-responsive AtWRKY TFs share a high sequence homology with those of rice, tomato and soybean suggesting a similar conserved function for these WRKYs among the species. </LI> <LI> GO terms for biological processes associated majority of NO-responsive WRKYs to GO term for response to fungal stimuli. </LI> <LI> Most of the NO-responsive WRKY TFs have either Cysteine or Tyrosine residues (potential targets for protein <I>S</I>-nitrosylation) at 7<SUP>th</SUP> position from WRKY motif while NO-non-responsive don’t have these residues. </LI> <LI> <I>atwrky62</I> loss-of-function mutants negatively regulates shoot and root length under control and CySNO induced nitrosative stress. </LI> </UL> </P>

The Necessity of Lineament Studies Prior to Preventive-dam Construction; a Case-study in Wadi Bani Malik, Eastern Jeddah City, Saudi Arabia

( Mohammed H. T. Qari ) 대한지질공학회 2007 국제학술발표회 논문집 Vol.2007 No.-

Nitric oxide-induced AtAO3 differentially regulates plant defense against Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato in Arabidopsis thaliana

Murtaza Khan,Qari Muhammad Imran,Muhammad Shahid,Bong-Gyu Mun,Byung-Wook Yun 한국농약과학회 2018 한국농약과학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2018 No.10

Effects of plant-derived smoke on the growth dynamics of Barnyard Grass (Echinochloa crus-galli)

Kamran, Muhammad,Khan, Abdul Latif,Waqas, Muhammad,Imran, Qari Muhammad,Hamayun, Muhammad,Kang, Sang-Mo,Kim, Yoon-Ha,Kim, Min-Ji,Lee, In-Jung Taylor Francis 2014 Acta agriculturæ Scandinavica. Section B, So Vol.64 No.2

Protective and health-promoting impact of Washingtonia filifera oil on the kidney of STZ-induced diabetic mice

El-Beeh Mohamed E.,El-Badawi Ashraf A.,Qari Sameer H.,Ramadan Mohamed Fawzy,Filfilan Wessam M. 한국응용생명화학회 2022 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.65 No.3

Diabetes kidney damage (DKD) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the kidney induced with continuous hyperglycemia as the most prevalent consequence of diabetes. Washingtonia filifera seed oil (WFO) was used as a traditional medicine to cure various diseases in ancient Saudi. This work was carried out to investigate the potential protective impact of WFO against DKD on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type 2 diabetic mice (C57BL/6 mice). The mice were randomly split into groups: C, C + WFO (200 mg/Kg B.W.), T2D, and T2D + WFO (200 mg/Kg B.W.). Diabetes was created in mice groups except for the control group after 6 weeks of high-fat diet (HFD) feeding. Treatments with STZ (60 mg/ kg body weight) were administered three times for 6 weeks, and after that, mice were sacrificed. Kidney tissues and serum were obtained to analyze levels of insulin, metabolism of lipids [triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), highdensity lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and free fatty acids (FFA)], antioxidant enzymes [superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx)], creatine, and blood urea nitrogen (BUN). In addition, H&E staining had been used to investigate the histological changes of the kidneys. In T2D mice, WFO corrected aberrant serum lipids (TG, TC, HDL, LDL, and FFA), elevated antioxidative enzyme levels (CAT, SOD, and GPx), and inhibited GST to various degrees. In addition, WFO improves kidney pathological traits such as fibrosis of the kidney, hypertrophy of glomeruli, and basement membrane thickness of glomeruli. Through hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, antioxidative, and anti-inflammatory actions, WFO might ameliorate diabetic alterations in T2D mice. WFO could significantly reduce AGE buildup in the T2D mice kidneys, therefore alleviating kidney oxidative stress and inflammatory kidney damage. Diabetes kidney damage (DKD) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the kidney induced with continuous hyperglycemia as the most prevalent consequence of diabetes. Washingtonia filifera seed oil (WFO) was used as a traditional medicine to cure various diseases in ancient Saudi. This work was carried out to investigate the potential protective impact of WFO against DKD on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type 2 diabetic mice (C57BL/6 mice). The mice were randomly split into groups: C, C + WFO (200 mg/Kg B.W.), T2D, and T2D + WFO (200 mg/Kg B.W.). Diabetes was created in mice groups except for the control group after 6 weeks of high-fat diet (HFD) feeding. Treatments with STZ (60 mg/kg body weight) were administered three times for 6 weeks, and after that, mice were sacrificed. Kidney tissues and serum were obtained to analyze levels of insulin, metabolism of lipids [triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and free fatty acids (FFA)], antioxidant enzymes [superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx)], creatine, and blood urea nitrogen (BUN). In addition, H&E staining had been used to investigate the histological changes of the kidneys. In T2D mice, WFO corrected aberrant serum lipids (TG, TC, HDL, LDL, and FFA), elevated antioxidative enzyme levels (CAT, SOD, and GPx), and inhibited GST to various degrees. In addition, WFO improves kidney pathological traits such as fibrosis of the kidney, hypertrophy of glomeruli, and basement membrane thickness of glomeruli. Through hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, antioxidative, and anti-inflammatory actions, WFO might ameliorate diabetic alterations in T2D mice. WFO could significantly reduce AGE buildup in the T2D mice kidneys, therefore alleviating kidney oxidative stress and inflammatory kidney damage.

Regulation of endogenous phytohormones and essential metabolites in frankincense-producing Boswellia sacra under wounding stress

Khan, Abdul Latif,Al-Harrasi, Ahmed,Shahzad, Raheem,Imran, Qari Muhammad,Yun, Byung-Wook,Kim, Yoon-Ha,Kang, Sang-Mo,Al-Rawahi, Ahmed,Lee, In-Jung Springer-Verlag 2018 ACTA PHYSIOLOGIAE PLANTARUM Vol.40 No.6

SCoT-marker analysis of Oryzaephilus surinamensis L. (Coleoptera: Silvanidae) and stored date kernels of Phoenix dactylifera (L.) fumigated with ozone and phosphine gases

Abdelfattah Nilly A.H.,Al-Qahtani A.R.,Qari Sameer H. 한국응용곤충학회 2021 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.24 No.3

Oryzaephilus surinamensis, a common grain product pest around the world, particularly causing great damage and losses to the date crops available in the storage. It has been traditionally resisted by using organic pesticides despite suspicions of their harmful effects on dates. This study aimed at the evaluation of the usage of ozone gas as an effective pesticide and also focuses on the safety alternatives provided by the respective method as compared to the usage of phosphine as a pesticide. While studying the ozone effects, the O. surinamensis was exposed to the gas for a variety of time scales (2, 4 and 6 h), distinctly for every life stages of the insect such as egg, larva and adults, infested the Phoenix dactylifera L date palm species present in the Siwa oasis. The obtained results showed that the adult insects had high resistance to ozone gas, while the larvae and egg stages were less resistant. The reduction rate of vital insect was 100% in all stages. Start codon analysis of DNA also showed that there are some SCoT primers can be identified and differentiated between the different treatments and control. On the other hand, the percentage of polymorphisms in insects was 50% while in date kernels 25% by six SCoT primers used. This study highlighted higher efficacy and safety regarding the usage of ozone gas in effectively controlling the manifestation of O. Surinamensis and thereby reducing the loss of stored date crops as compared to the phosphine.

Profile and Time-Scale Dynamics of Differentially Expressed Genes in Transcriptome of Populus davidiana Under Drought Stress

Mun, Bong-Gyu,Hussain, Adil,Park, Eung-Jun,Lee, Sang-Uk,Sharma, Arti,Imran, Qari Muhammad,Jung, Ki-Hong,Yun, Byung-Wook Springer-Verlag 2017 Plant molecular biology reporter Vol.35 No.6

<P>The genus Populus contains 25-35 species of deciduous flowering plants in the family Salicaceae. It has evolved to overcome various environmental stresses including drought stress through changes in physiological processes such a stomatal movement, photosynthesis, stress signaling, defense responses, and overall growth rate. In this study, we performed RNA-seq-based transcriptome profiling of Populus davidiana in response to drought stress induced by 10% PEG at two time points (6 and 12 h). We generated over 527 million reads by applying Populus trichocarpa as reference genome. Assembly of the reads yielded 32,650 genes and 75,820 transcripts; of these, after quantile normalization, a total of 997 genes were identified with dynamic expression over time, classifying them into nine different clusters. Among them, 550 genes responded significantly to drought stress treatment after 6 h (108 genes up-regulated and 201 genes down-regulated) and 12 h (161 up-regulated and 80 down-regulated) respectively, with at least twofold change in their expression. Based on analysis of these genes, we found several differentially expressed genes (DEGs) involved in cellular transport, transcriptional regulation, protein modification, regulation of cellular redox state, and those involved in response to other stresses. We also validated RNA-seq-mediated transcriptome data by RT-qPCR analysis of eight randomly selected DEGs. It showed significantly high correlation coefficient (0.95) suggesting high reliability of RNA-seq analysis. This study presents the first RNA-seq mediated transcriptome profile of P. davidiana in response to drought stress, providing critical information necessary for understanding the mechanisms underpinning drought stress tolerance in forest trees and other plant species.</P>

High Plasma Sphingosine 1-phosphate Levels Predict Osteoporotic Fractures in Postmenopausal Women: The Center of Excellence for Osteoporosis Research Study

Mohammed-Salleh M. Ardawi,Abdulrahim A. Rouzi,Nawal S. Al-Senani,Mohammed H. Qari,Ayman Z. Elsamanoudy,Shaker A. Mousa 대한골대사학회 2018 대한골대사학회지 Vol.25 No.2

Background: Higher sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) plasma levels are associated with decreased bone mineral density (BMD), and increased risk of prevalent vertebral fracture. So, we hypothesized that postmenopausal women with increased baseline plasma S1P levels have a greater risk for future incident fracture (osteoporosis-related fractures [ORFs]). Methods: This study was conducted in a prospective longitudinal cohort of 707 women recruited in 2004 and followed up annually for a mean period of 5.2±1.3 years. They were postmenopausal (aged ≥50 years). The primary outcome measure was the time to the first confirmed ORF event using radiographs and/or a surgical report. Results: The plasma S1P levels (μmol/L) were significantly higher in the women with incident fracture (7.23±0.79) than in those without ORFs (5.02±0.51; P<0.001). High S1P levels were strongly associated with increased fracture risk. After adjustment for age and other confounders, the hazard ratio (HR) was 6.12 (95% confidence interval [CI], 4.92-7.66) for each 1-standard deviation increase in plasma S1P levels. The women in the highest quartile of S1P levels had a significant increase in fracture risk (HR, 9.89; 95% CI, 2.83-34.44). Results were similar when we compared plasma S1P levels at the 1-year visit. Conclusions: The associations between plasma S1P levels and fracture risk were independent of BMD and other confounders. These findings demonstrate that high plasma S1P level at baseline and at years 1 to 5 is a strong and independent risk factor for future [ORFs] among postmenopausal women and could be a useful biomarker for fracture risk assessment in this population.