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RISS 인기검색어
- 검색키워드
- 저자 : Paul R. Ward (검색결과 3 건)
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Predictors of Re-participation in Faecal Occult Blood Test-Based Screening for Colorectal Cancer
Cole, Stephen R.,Gregory, Tess,Whibley, Alex,Ward, Paul,Turnbull, Deborah,Wilson, Carlene,Flight, Ingrid,Esterman, Adrian,Young, Graeme P. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2012 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.13 No.12
Background: There is little information on longitudinal patterns of participation in faecal occult blood test (FOBT) based colorectal cancer (CRC) screening or on demographic or behavioural factors associated with participation in re-screening. The lack of an agreed system for describing participatory behaviour over multiple rounds also hampers our ability to report, understand and make use of observed associations. Our aims were to develop a system for describing patterns of participatory behaviour in FOBT-based CRC screening programs and to identify factors associated with particular behavioural patterns. Methods: A descriptive framework was developed and applied to a data extract of screening invitation outcomes over two rounds of the NBCSP. The proportion of invitees in each behaviour category was determined and associations between behaviour patterns and demographic and program factors were identified using multivariate analyses. Results: We considered Re-Participants, Dropouts, Late Entrants and Never Participants to be the most appropriate labels for the four possible observed participatory categories after two invitation rounds. The screening participation rate of the South Australian cohort of the NBCSP remained stable over two rounds at 51%, with second round Dropouts (10.3%) being balanced by Late Entrants (10.5%). Non-Participants comprised 38.7% of invitees. Relative to Re-Participants, Dropouts were older, more likely to be female, of lower SES, had changed their place of residence between offers had a positive test result in the first round. Late Entrants tended to be in the youngest age band. Conclusions: Specific demographic characteristics are associated with behavioural sub-groups defined by responses to 2 offers of CRC screening. Targeted group-specific strategies could reduce dropout behaviour or encourage those who declined the first invitation to participate in the second round. It will be important to keep first round participants engaged in order to maximise the benefit of a CRC screening program.
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Exploring Recommendations for an Effective Smoking Prevention Program for Indonesian Adolescents
Tahlil, Teuku,Coveney, John,Woodman, Richard J.,Ward, Paul R. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2013 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.14 No.2
Background: The present qualitative study assessed the need, acceptability and appropriateness for implementing effective and culturally appropriate smoking prevention programs for adolescents in schools in Indonesia. Methods: Snowball sampling was used to recruit participants. The study sample comprised a mixture of staff in the education department, junior high school teachers and individuals who had taught junior high school students in Aceh Province, Indonesia. Data were collected through one hour in-depth face to face or telephone interviews and analyzed using a descriptive content analysis procedure. Results: School teachers and policy makers in education firmly supported the implementation of a school-based smoking prevention program in Aceh. An appropriate intervention for smoking prevention program in schools in Aceh should involve both health and Islamic based approaches, and be provided by teachers and external providers. Potential barriers to the program included smoker teachers and parents, time constraints of students and/or teachers, lack of teachers' ability, increase in students' load, the availability of tobacco advertising and sales, and lack of tobacco regulation and support from community and related departments. To increase program effectiveness, involvement of and coordination with other relevant parties are needed. Conclusions: The important stakeholders in Indonesian childhood education agreed that school-based smoking prevention program would be appropriate for junior high school students. An appropriate intervention for smoking prevention program for adolescents in schools in Indonesia should be appropriate to participants' background and involve all relevant parties.
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Operationalising the Theory of Social Quality
Samantha B. Meyer,Tini C. N. Luong,Paul R. Ward,George Tsourtos 서울대학교 사회발전연구소 2010 Journal of Asian Sociology Vol.39 No.2
The Theory of Social Quality (TSQ) has not yet had extensive empirical testing for due to the difficulty of developing a validated and reliable tool to ‘measure’ social quality. A survey investigating social quality was piloted (n = 33) and analysed for test-retest and inter-item reliability in Australia, August 2009. Questions were considered reliable if the results from the test re-test analyses (Kappa, or Spearman Correlation tests) and the interitem reliability test (Cronbach’s α) were statistically significant (p ≤ 0.05) or the coefficients were (≥ 0.70) for any of the questionnaire items. Two questions and 34 items were removed from the survey. These preliminary data support the reliability and validity of the survey as an instrument for measuring social quality. In addition, the tool provides a means for operationalising the TSQ in future empirical research.
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