Antioxidant Properties, Anti-inflammatory Effects, and Bioactive Constituents of the Indian Medicinal Rice Njavara Yellow Compared with Staple Varieties

Rathnam Parvathy,Smitha Mohanlal,Chithra Pushpan,Antony Helen,Ananthasankaran Jayalekshmy 한국식품과학회 2014 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.23 No.5

Polar and non-polar extracts of Njavara yellowrice (NYr) and bran (NYb) were investigated for antioxidantactivity, chemical indices, anti-inflammatory effects, andbioactive compounds, of which the results were comparedbetween the 2 staple varieties Uma and Jaya. Methanolextracts of NYb showed significantly (p<0.05) higherantioxidant activity than other varieties with the IC50 valuesof 97 μg/mL (DPPH•) and 48 μg/mL (ABTS•+). NYbshowed a higher anti-inflammatory effect and higherchemical indices (6.36 mg, phenolic content; 1.44 mg,flavonoid content; 3.06 mg, proanthocyanidin content; and15.5 mg, phytate content per gram of dry weight of bran)than NYr and staple varieties. The content of bioactivecompounds, oryzanols (659 μg/mL) and tricin (24.58 mg/100 g bran), were higher in NYb than in other varieties. Evaluation of biological activities and quantification ofbioactive compounds of Njavara yellow are first pursuedherein to corroborate Njavara Ayurveda medicinal use.

1, 25-(OH)2D3 protects against ER stress and miRNA dysregulation in Mus musculus neurons

Jayachandran Parvathy,Koshy Linda,Sudhakaran Perumana R.,Nair Govindapillai Mohanadasan,Gangaprasad Appukuttan Nair,Nair Ananthakrishnan Jayakumaran 한국유전학회 2022 Genes & Genomics Vol.44 No.12

Background: The pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) is closely associated with cellular oxidative stress which can result in the accumulation of toxic proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) leading to ER stress and subsequent unfolded protein response (UPR) signaling, a mechanism that aggravate these disorders. Vitamin D has been suggested to have important neuroprotective role and its administration has been shown to reduce neuronal injury, neurotoxicity and oxidative stress in various animal systems. Objective: The current study was undertaken to examine the effect of vitamin D3 on UPR in ER stress induced Mus musculus neuronal cells. Methods: Mus musculus cortical and hippocampal primary neuronal cultures were pretreated with 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1, 25-(OH)2D3), the active form of vitamin D, followed by ER stress induction with a chemical ER stress inducer thapsigargin and with an advanced glycated protein, AGE-BSA. The UPR genes and related microRNAs (miRNA) expressions were analyzed mainly using real-time PCR. Results: The experiment resulted in the suppression of ER stress marker BiP and UPR pathway genes such as Perk, Ire1α, Chop and Puma which mediate cellular apoptosis indicating the protective effect of 1, 25-(OH)2D3 against neuronal ER stress. Further studies into the molecular aspects showed that ER stress mediated down-regulated expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) such as mmu-miR-24, 27b, 124, 224, 290, 351 and 488 which are known to regulate the UPR pathway genes were also reduced with vitamin pretreatment, of which the miRNAs miR-24 and 27b which shares the same cluster are potentially involved in various human diseases. Conclusion: This study emphasizes the therapeutic role of vitamin D in reducing neuronal ER stress and the need for maintaining sufficient amount of this vitamin in our diet.

H₂O₂ induced cost effective microwave disintegration of dairy waste activated sludge in acidic environment for efficient biomethane generation

Eswari, A. Parvathy,Kavitha, S.,Banu, J. Rajesh,Karthikeyan, O. Parthiba,Yeom, Ick-Tae Elsevier 2017 Bioresource technology Vol.244 No.1

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>This study aimed to improve the biomethane potential of dairy waste activated sludge (WAS) by H<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB>-acidic pH induced microwave disintegration (HAMW-D) pretreatment approach. The results of HAMW-D compared with the microwave disintegration (MW-D) alone for energy and economic factors. In the two phase disintegration process, the H<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB> concentration of about 0.5mg/g SS under acid pH of 5 was found to be optimum for effective dissociation of Extracellular Polymeric Substances (EPS) matrix. A higher liquefaction of about 46.6% was achieved in HAMW-D when compared to that of MW-D (30%). It subsequently improved the methane yield of about 250mL/g VS in HAMW-D, which was 9.6% higher than MW-D. A net profit of about 49€/ton was achieved for HAMW-D, therefore it is highly recommended for WAS pretreatment.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> EPS dissociation was enhanced by the addition of 0.5mg/g SS of H<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB> in acidic pH. </LI> <LI> HAMW-D process liquefies organics at 10,810kJ/kg TS of specific energy input. </LI> <LI> The novel HAMW-D process improves methane production (250mL/g VS) efficiently. </LI> <LI> Cost analysis indicated that HAMW-D process was economically feasible than MW-D. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Functional analysis of a cryptic promoter from Arabidopsis thaliana reveals bidirectionality

Sujatha. T. Parvathy,R. Srinivasan 한국식물생명공학회 2016 Plant biotechnology reports Vol.10 No.4

Cryptic promoter elements play a significant role in evolution of plant gene expression patterns and are prospective tools for creating gene expression systems in plants. In a previous report, a 452 bp promoter fragment designated as cryptic root-specific promoter (AY601849) was identified immediately upstream to T-DNA insertion, in the intergenic region between divergent genes SAHH1 and SHMT4, in T-DNA tagged mutant M57 of Arabidopsis thaliana. In silico analysis of 452 bp promoter revealed typical eukaryotic promoter architecture, presence of rootspecific motifs and other cis-regulatory motifs responsible for the spatial and temporal expression. GUS expression driven by 452 bp in M57 was developmentally as well as light-regulated. The AT-rich 452 bp promoter does not show homology to any known sequences. The 452 bp promoter was further proved cryptic and detailed molecular characterization of the promoter carried out through serial 50 and 30 deletion analysis, by cloning the promoter fragments upstream to promoter-less GUS vector. A 279 bp fragment obtained by deleting 173 bp from 50 end of 452 bp was capable of driving root-specific expression, similar to that of full-length promoter. Further, root tipspecific, root-specific and core-regulatory motifs for rootspecific expression were identified at positions 173–227, 251–323 and 408–452 bp, respectively, from the 50 end of 452 bp. The 452 bp promoter was equally functional in inverse orientation, hence bidirectional and symmetric. In heterologous systems, such as Brassica juncea and Oryza sativa, the promoter activity was not significant since GUS was not visually detected in transient assays.

Numerical investigation of turbulence models with emphasis on turbulent intensity at low Reynolds number flows

Musavir Bashir,Parvathy Rajendran,Ambareen Khan,Vijayanandh Raja,Sher Afghan Khan Techno-Press 2023 Advances in aircraft and spacecraft science Vol.10 No.4

The primary goal of this research is to investigate flow separation phenomena using various turbulence models. Also investigated are the effects of free-stream turbulence intensity on the flow over a NACA 0018 airfoil. The flow field around a NACA 0018 airfoil has been numerically simulated using RANS at Reynolds numbers ranging from 100,000 to 200,000 and angles of attack (AoA) ranging from 0° to 18° with various inflow conditions. A parametric study is conducted over a range of chord Reynolds numbers for free-stream turbulence intensities from 0.1 % to 0.5 % to understand the effects of each parameter on the suction side laminar separation bubble. The results showed that increasing the free-stream turbulence intensity reduces the length of the separation bubble formed over the suction side of the airfoil, as well as the flow prediction accuracy of each model. These models were used to compare the modeling accuracy and processing time improvements. The K- SST performs well in this simulation for estimating lift coefficients, with only small deviations at larger angles of attack. However, a stall was not predicted by the transition k-kl-omega. When predicting the location of flow reattachment over the airfoil, the transition k-kl-omega model also made some over-predictions. The Cp plots showed that the model generated results more in line with the experimental findings.

Conservation implications of wildlife utilization by indigenous communities in the southern Western Ghats of India

Arun Kanagavel,Sethu Parvathy,Paingamadathil Ommer Nameer,Rajeev Raghavan 국립중앙과학관 2016 Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity Vol.9 No.3

Wildlife utilization in the tropics is massive, with nearly 5 million tons of bushmeat consumed by local communities. In India, a megadiversity nation, hunting—although illegal—is widespread among indigenous communities. However, the extent, frequency, and rationale for hunting, and factors influencing wildlife utilization are poorly known. Our study, based on 19 different indigenous communities in the Western Ghats region, revealed the utilization of 54 wild species/taxa. Although freshwater fish, herpetofauna, and small mammals were most frequently utilized, enforcement by the Forest Department was largely focused on large mammals. Gender, land ownership, number of domestic meats consumed, distance to markets, time spent hunting, and distance to hunting areas were major factors that affected wild meat utilization in the region. Although conservation needs to be focused on the most utilized groups, increasing access to domestic meats at remote settlements and integrating utilization of common, culturally prominent species can improve conservation of threatened fauna.

CFD Simulation of NACA 2412 airfoil with new cavity shapes

Merryisha, Samuel,Rajendran, Parvathy,Khan, Sher Afghan Techno-Press 2022 Advances in aircraft and spacecraft science Vol.9 No.2

The paper presents the surface-modified NACA 2412 airfoil performance with variable cavity characteristics such as size, shape and orientation, by numerically investigated with the pre-validation study. The study attempts to improve the airfoil aerodynamic performance at 30 m/s with a variable angle of attack (AOA) ranging from 0° to 20° under Reynolds number (R_e) 4.4×10⁵. Through passive surface control techniques, a boundary layer control strategy has been enhanced to improve flow performance. An intense background survey has been carried out over the modifier orientation, shape, and numbers to differentiate the sub-critical and post-critical flow regimes. The wall-bounded flows along with its governing equations are investigated using Reynolds Average Navier Strokes (RANS) solver coupled with one-equational transport Spalart Allmaras model. It was observed that the aerodynamic efficiency of cavity airfoil had been improved by enhancing maximum lift to drag ratio ((l/d) max) with delayed flow separation by keeping the flow attached beyond 0.25C even at a higher angle of attack. Detailed investigation on the cavity distribution pattern reveals that cavity depth and width are essential in degrading the early flow separation characteristics. In this study, overall general performance comparison, all the cavity airfoil models have delayed stalling compared to the original airfoil.

CFD Simulation of NACA 2412 airfoil with new cavity shapes

Merryisha, Samuel,Rajendran, Parvathy,Khan, Sher Afghan Techno-Press 2022 Advances in aircraft and spacecraft science Vol.9 No.2

The paper presents the surface-modified NACA 2412 airfoil performance with variable cavity characteristics such as size, shape and orientation, by numerically investigated with the pre-validation study. The study attempts to improve the airfoil aerodynamic performance at 30 m/s with a variable angle of attack (AOA) ranging from 0° to 20° under Reynolds number (R_e) 4.4×10⁵. Through passive surface control techniques, a boundary layer control strategy has been enhanced to improve flow performance. An intense background survey has been carried out over the modifier orientation, shape, and numbers to differentiate the sub-critical and post-critical flow regimes. The wall-bounded flows along with its governing equations are investigated using Reynolds Average Navier Strokes (RANS) solver coupled with one-equational transport Spalart Allmaras model. It was observed that the aerodynamic efficiency of cavity airfoil had been improved by enhancing maximum lift to drag ratio ((l/d) max) with delayed flow separation by keeping the flow attached beyond 0.25C even at a higher angle of attack. Detailed investigation on the cavity distribution pattern reveals that cavity depth and width are essential in degrading the early flow separation characteristics. In this study, overall general performance comparison, all the cavity airfoil models have delayed stalling compared to the original airfoil.

Design and implementation of novel 4-arm Rotary Slide Stainer

Aravind Saju,Harikrishnan CS,Parvathy SR, Subodh PS,Nimmy Mathew,Rajesh R 제어로봇시스템학회 2021 제어로봇시스템학회 국제학술대회 논문집 Vol.2021 No.10

The design of a novel 4-arm Rotary Slide Stainer for cytological study is proposed in this paper. In this design, both the structure and software control systems are developed. The objective was to achieve higher staining efficiency by the simultaneous staining of 96 (24x4) slides in one complete staining cycle, through an indigenous design having the minimum possible footprint. The design should also enable the user to run custom staining cycles as required. Structurally, the system consists of a rotary and a linear type actuator with controllers housed in a metal enclosure, and with 30 reagent jars arranged in a circular pattern. Manually controlled running water supply-in is provided. User interfacing is done by a Raspberry Pi single board computer by using a custom-built GUI. This GUI enables the user to perform the required staining cycle using a touch-based interface. User is able to customize parameters such as stain time, dwell time, slide positioning etc. Pap smear technique was used for slide preparation. The testing of the prototype unit yielded satisfactory results, both in terms of the staining efficiency as well as stain quality of the slides.

Replacement of Hexachlorocyclohexane to Environmentally Friendly Biosurfactant as Precursor for the Production of Biosurfactant from Pseudomonas

( Anu Appaiah K. A. ),( A. Parvathy ),( Mariam Mathew ),( N. G. K. Karanth ) 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2011 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.21 No.8

Production of biosurfactant can be substantially increased by the addition of precursors like vegetable oils, petroleum products, and other water-insoluble substances. Pseudomonas Ptm+ strain produces biosurfactant in the presence of hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH), which specifically emulsifies HCH, a recalcitrant organochlorine pesticide. Addition of previously produced crude biosurfactant by the same organism as a precursor instead of HCH increased production of biosurfactants with a decrease in the total fermentation time from 32 to 24 h. The main objective of this paper was to find alternatives for HCH as an inducer.