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What controls filament thinning in uniaxial extension?
Walter Oswald,Steffen M. Recktenwald,Norbert Willenbacher 한국유변학회 2019 Korea-Australia rheology journal Vol.31 No.4
Breakup of fluid threads is omnipresent in nature and highly relevant for technical processes such as atomization, printing, coating, or spinning. We discuss how to control the filament lifetime of shear-thinning, viscoelastic fluids during uniaxial extension without affecting their shear viscosity. Two commercial acrylic thickeners differing with respect to the co-polymerized hydrophobic monomers, and hence different hydrophobic intra- and intermolecular association, are mixed to obtain aqueous solutions with similar shear viscosity. The elongational relaxation time as determined by capillary breakup extensional rheometry, however, varies by almost two orders of magnitude. Filament lifetime of these solutions can be varied upon adding non-Brownian, plate-shaped particles, again without affecting shear viscosity. A trace amount of particles increases elongational relaxation time by about a factor of four. Car bodies are usually coated using highspeed rotary bell atomizers guaranteeing high transfer efficiency and high-quality appearance. We use the solutions and suspensions described above to investigate the effect of extensional viscosity on ligament formation at the bell edge as a decisive intermediate step prior to droplet formation. High-speed imaging reveals a logarithmic scaling of ligament length with extensional relaxation time for pure thickener solutions. In contrast, ligament length monotonically decreases with increasing particle concentration, i.e. extensional viscosity. Plate-shaped particles obviously act as defects promoting ligament breakup. Extended filament lifetimes are commonly observed during atomization and spraying as a consequence of fluid viscoelasticity. On the other hand, low viscosity fluid threads rupture quickly. Here, we demonstrate that a unique banding instability during extension of a low viscosity surfactant solution with no measurable elasticity leads to extremely long filament lifetimes and to the formation of remarkably long threads. Combining filament stretching and particle image velocimetry we found an unexpected heterogeneous, banded flow in opposing directions. This phenomenon is not limited to surfactant solutions but can also occur in biopolymer solutions, thus broadening the view on instabilities in complex elongational flows.
One Europe and Two Wests: The Transformation of Transatlantic Relations since 1991
( Franz Oswald ) 한국EU학회 2007 Asia-Pacific Journal of EU Studies Vol.5 No.1
Since 1991 the West has been changing from a unitary, US-led global actor towards two friendly, but competing international actors. The roles of the transatlantic partners, shaped by the 1940`s balance of power, have been changing since 1991 when the EU began to translate its economic power into a security role. This added a new dimension to the soft balancing of US primacy practiced by the EU. Although the experiences of the 1990`s highlighted deficiencies of the Common Foreign and Security Policy, the EU has escalated its role claims and given some substance to its security role. The security dependency institutionalised in NATO since 1949 can now be replaced by the almost forgotten intention of the Marshall Plan of 1946: a united Europe increasingly able to take responsibility for its own security.
Balanced assessment of growth disorders using clinical, endocrinological, and genetic approaches
Savage Martin Oswald,Storr Helen Louise 대한소아내분비학회 2021 Annals of Pediatirc Endocrinology & Metabolism Vol.26 No.4
Determining the pathogenesis of pediatric growth disorders is often challenging. In many cases, no pathogenesis is identified, and a designation of idiopathic short stature is used. The investigation of short stature requires a combination of clinical, endocrinological, and genetic evaluation. The techniques used are described, with equal importance being given to each of the 3 approaches. Clinical skills are essential to elicit an accurate history, family pedigree, and symptoms of body system dysfunction. Endocrine assessment requires hormonal determination for the diagnosis of hormone deficiency and initiation of successful replacement therapy. Genetic analysis has added a new dimension to the investigation of short stature and now uses next-generation sequencing with a candidate gene approach to confirm probable recognizable monogenic disorders and exome sequencing for complex phenotypes of unknown origin. Using the 3 approaches of clinical, endocrine, and genetic probes with equal status in the hierarchy of investigational variables provides the clinician with the highest chance of identifying the correct causative pathogenetic mechanism in a child presenting with short stature of unknown origin.
Cooperating Peers for Content-Oriented XML-Retrieval
Judith Winter,Oswald Drobnik 보안공학연구지원센터 2008 International Journal of Multimedia and Ubiquitous Vol.3 No.2
Semi-structured documents formatted with the extensible markup language (XML) are gaining wide use by a whole range of applications including E-Commerce, E-Business, E-Science, Digital Libraries (DL), File Sharing, and in the last years especially by applications for Peer-to-Peer (P2P) systems. P2P architectures have been identified as an efficient means of ad-hoc collaboration and information sharing among large, diverse, and dynamic sets of user. However, current P2P search engines for XML-documents lack the use of information retrieval methods to efficiently search XML collections for relevant information. This article proposes a search engine for P2P systems that applies an extension of the vector space model and exploits structural information to compute relevance of XML-documents, and thus may significantly improve retrieval performance. We concentrate on the cooperation of peers that perform a distributed query execution through cooperated retrieval and ranking of dynamic XML documents. The interaction between the participating peers is based on a structured P2P-network and uses an adaption of the DHT-algorithm Kademlia.
Ong'ondo, Cyrus Babu,Gwaya, Abednego Oswald,Masu, Sylvester Korea Institute of Construction Engineering and Ma 2019 Journal of construction engineering and project ma Vol.9 No.2
Poor project performance has been noted as the bane in the construction industry globally. This paper sought to investigate, by way of literature, the performance patterns of construction projects in Kenya since independence (1963-2018). This was informed by reports of undesirable project performance in the industry. This descriptive study used available studies previously done in this subject area. In sum, literature is replete with evidence on a myriad of challenges facing the execution of projects. The study established that generally, the project performance is poor and has assumed a chronic trajectory spanning over five decades. On average, the findings reveal that 35-60% of projects initiated in Kenya face cost overruns while time overrun is most severe with 35-73% projects overrunning their schedule. In addition, the findings problematize the issue of plurality of performance measurement regimes in the construction industry. Here, it was observed that no singular construct exists to objectively measure the various facets that constitute the 'health' of a project. This paper has contributed to the body of knowledge by examining the performance patterns in Kenya for over fifty years while at the same time identifying the bottlenecks inherent in projects execution. Importantly, the conceptual performance efficiency framework derived in the current study presents a paradigm shift in the monitoring and evaluation of projects. To this end, an in-depth analysis is recommended on the interaction of efficiency enablers in the buildup of performance efficiency index (PEI). Similarly, a further inquiry is recommended on the integration and impact of the proposed framework in the management of projects.