존 오스본의 『연예인』에서 대중문화의 발흥과 불안

정유진 부산대학교 대학원 2019 국내석사

본 논문은 존 오스본(John Osborne)의 『연예인』을 영국의 문화적 변동기의 정점에 선 작품으로 간주하고 20세기 중반 영국의 시대상을 조명한다. 대중문화가 등장하면서 홀대 받는 뮤직홀의 코미디라는 예술양식을 전면에 내세워 번영과 풍요 속에 혼란과 불안을 경험했던 당시 영국의 사회적 분위기와 그 원인을 분석하고 그로인해 개인이 갖는 존재적 불안에 대해서 탐구한다. 영국 현대극을 대표하는 분노의 극작가인 존 오스본의 등장은 연극계뿐만 아니라 영국 문화전체에 새로운 활력을 불러일으켰다. 불안과 분노는 오스본의 작품을 가장 잘 표현할 수 있는 상징적인 감정이다. 본 연구는 존 오스본의 󰡔연예인󰡕에 나타나는 불안에 대해 논의한다. 이 작품에서 나타나는 불안은 단순하게 느껴지는 인간의 수동적인 감정이 아니라 당시 영국의 시대상을 읽어내는 데 가장 중요한 감정이다. 왜냐하면 그러한 감정은 작품 속의 주인공들이 현실적인 사회문제와 갈등으로 심리적으로 강하게 위협받는 결과로 나타나기 때문이다. 존 오스본의 극 속에서는 현실에서 강하게 위협받고 있는 불안의 감정을 느끼는 인물들을 발견할 수 있다. 오스본 작품의 많은 주인공들은 주어진 상황에 좌절하고 현실과 자신에 대해 분노하고 변화를 거부하며 회피하는 성향이 강하게 나타난다. 이것은 당대 불안한 사회 환경이 개인의 삶과 실존의 문제에 끼치는 영향을 고발하고자 하는 작가의 의도라고 할 수 있다. 본 논문은 ‘불안’을 오스본의 작품 세계를 관통하는 하나의 주제로 상정하고 『연예인』에 나타난 불안의 양상을 탐구한다. 존 오스본의 『연예인』을 ‘불안’이라는 키워드로 해석할 수 있는 이유는 이 작품이 다른 오스본의 작품들의 비해 가족이라는 구성체 속의 주인공들 개개인에게 처한 비극적 현실에서 복잡한 심경 문제를 잘 드러내고 있기 때문이다. 따라서 본 논문은 이 작품의 관계성을 가족 간 인물들을 중심으로 논의해 봄으로써 전체 사회에 작동하고 있는 억압, 불안의 구조를 조명해보고자 한다. 그리고 현실에서 오는 억압과 위협의 원인을 통해 주인공들의 느끼는 존재론적 고독과 불안을 분석하고자 한다. 불안은 크게 외부적 불안과 내부적 불안으로 나눌 수 있다. 이 외부로부터 오는 불안의 요소를 다시 전쟁으로 인한 국가적 불안과 정부의 실패한 정책으로 인한 정치적 불안, 그리고 이러한 것들이 야기하는 남성과 여성의 역할과 위치 변화에 따른 가정적 불안으로 다시 분류된다. 시대가 변함에 따라 대중문화가 발달하면서 과거의 민중문화는 그 모습이 사라지거나 변모되었다. 노동자계급을 대표하는 알치의 가족을 통해 그 속에서 느끼는 불안의 모습을 살펴볼 수 있다. 세대가 다른 만큼 불안의 형태와 세상과 관계하는 방식이 다르기 때문에 가족 내에서 세대 간 갈등의 부딪힘을 발견할 수 있다. 또한 점점 쇠퇴해가는 뮤직홀의 현실을 연예인인 주인공의 겪는 고통과 어려움을 통해 분석한다. 무엇보다 대중문화의 발흥은 외적인 요소들뿐만 아니라 내적인 주체의 존재적 불안에도 영향을 끼친다. 본 연구는 존재론적인 차원에 중점을 두고 작품을 분석하고자 한다. 인간이 느끼는 불안 감정은 결국 자신의 존재에 대해 문제 삼는 단계로까지 나아간다. 인간 감정은 비록 바깥의 요소에서부터 시작한다고 해도 결국은 내부적인 불안을 야기한다. 인기 없는 코미디언 알치는 시대가 변함에 따라 그리고 뮤직홀에 대한 관객들의 인식과 웃음의 양식이 변해감에 따라 좌절을 거듭한다. 본 논문은 이 극의 핵심인 예술의 양식과 그의 변화에 따른 주인공의 존재적 불안에 대해서 분석한다. 가장 핵심적 불안은 대상을 상실하고 그 의미를 잃어버렸을 때 일어난다. 주인공은 마지막 희망을 가지고 주체로서 탈출을 시도한다. 하지만 세상과 시대의 사회의 현실은 그에게 불안을 가중시키고 좌절하게 만든다. 본 연구는 존 오스본이 처한 시대적 위기의식을 『연예인』에 나타난 불안양상과 예술양식의 변화를 통해 조명함으로써 작가가 담고 싶은 메시지를 이해함과 동시에 오스본의 잘 알려지지 않은 작품을 발견하여 현대 문학사에 이해의 폭을 넓힐 수 있을 것이다.

(The) ministry alliance model : Meissner's therapeutic alliance in correlation with the shepherd's ministry, the cure of souls

Osborne, Darren United Graduate School of Theology, Yonsei Univers 2017 국내박사

본 논문은 “목자”라고도 불리는 목회자/성직자와 “양’으로 불리는 교회 성도 사이의 목회적 관계에 초점을 맞추고 있다. 또한 이 논문은 교회 신자들 사이에 형성되는 관계에도 중점을 두고 있다. 목회신학은 교회의 목자들, 그리고 그들과 양떼 사이의 관계를 다루는 신학의 한 분야이다. 본 논문의 저자가 택한 신학적 접근 방법은 예수 그리스도께서 어떤 방식으로 목양 사역의 모범을 보여주셨으며, 사도들에게 무슨 일을 하라고 지시하셨는지를 복음서를 통해 자세히 살펴 보는 것이다. 사도들은 어떻게 목양 사역의 전형을 완성한 것일까? 본 논문은 개신교 역사에서 전해 내려온 목양의 전형적인 모범을 고찰하는데 초점을 맞추고 있다. 특히, 본 논문은 16세기의 마틴 부처 (Martin Bucer)로부터 20세기의 마틴 로이드-존스(Martyn Lloyd-Jones)에 이르기까지 목자들이 이용한 진단적 접근법을 검토하였다. 지난 여러 세기 동안 목자들의 사역에 관한 연구는” 영혼의 치유”라는 이름 하에 행하여졌다. 이 부분에서 영혼의 치유는 이론의 핵심인 동시에 목회신학의 기초로 인식되고 있다. 목자들의 사역은 양떼를 위한 영혼의 치유에 초점을 맞추어 왔는데, 즉 목자는 자신이 이끄는 양떼의 신앙과 영적 성숙도를 진단하고 그에 따라 하나님의 말씀을 적용하여 양들의 성장을 추구하는 것이었다. 20세기 후반에 많은 목회 신학자들은 심령의 치료를 위한 이론으로서 “심리학”에 주목하고 있었다. 본 논문에서는 ‘치료적 동맹’의 개념을 검토하였다. 특히, 이 논문의 저자는 치료적 동맹과 대상관계로서의 치유자에 대한 윌리엄 마이스너(William Meissner)의 이론을 통해 신자들의 생각과 삶 속에 더욱 조화로운 질서를 가지도록 도움을 줄 수 있는 방법을 찾고자 하였다. 본 논문에서는 네 가지 사례연구에 착수하여, 신자들과 목회자 사이의 관계와 관련해서 연구 대상자들에 대한 분석을 실시했다. 분석 과정에서 ‘마이스너의 이론이나 치료적 동맹과 교회 내에서 목회자와 신자 사이의 관계가 상호 연관성을 가지고 있는가? 특히, 목회자가 성도들의 신앙 생활 속에서 대상관계로서의 기능을 다할 수 있는가?’라는 질문이 제기되었다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 치료적 동맹, 즉 “목회적 동맹 모형 (Ministry Alliance Model)”이라는 새로운 이론을 고안하였다. MAM의 논리적 기초는 ‘영혼 치료’와 관련된 목회자의 사역이다. 즉, MAM은 부처나 로이드-존스 등과 같은 역사적 목양 방식의 진단적 접근 방법과 치료적 동맹 접근 방법을 결합시킨 것이다. MAM은 그리스도와 사도들이 모범을 보여 준 목회의 목적과 밀접한 관련성을 가지고 있다. 즉 성경 말씀으로 양떼를 먹이며, 하나님의 권능으로 치료하며, 그들로 교회를 구성하는 것이다. 또한, MAM은 목회자가 어떤 방식으로 대상관계가 될 수 있는지에 주목한다. 결론적으로 MAM은 하나님과 목자 자신을 향한 ‘감정 전이’에 대한 저항에 대처하는데 도움을 주는 관계를 의미하는 것이다. 키워드: Pastoral Theology(목회신학), Shepherd(목회자), Transference(전이), Therapeutic Alliance(치료 동맹), Interpretation(해석), Identification(공감), Internalization(내면화). This Dissertation is focused on the ministry relationship of pastor/priest, known as “shepherd”, and the church member, known as “sheep.” And it focuses on their relationship taking place within the church congregation. Pastoral Theology is the branch of theology which deals with the shepherds of the church, and their relationship with their sheep. The theological approach of the author is to look closely at how Jesus Christ modeled a shepherding ministry in the Gospels, and what he taught his apostles to do. How did the Apostles model a shepherd ministry? This Dissertation looks at shepherding in Protestant history. It considers the shepherd’s diagnostic approach, from Martin Bucer in the 16th century, to Martyn Lloyd-Jones in the 20th. The study of the work of the shepherds in previous centuries was called “the Cure of Souls.” Here the Cure of Souls is taken as the core theory and the foundation of Pastoral Theology. The Cure of Souls has been focused on the work of the shepherd upon the sheep: the shepherds diagnosed their sheep—their faith and spiritual maturity—and applied the word of God accordingly to bring about the growth of the sheep. In the second half of the 20th century, many Pastoral Theologians were looking at “the psychologies” for theories of healing. This Dissertation reviews the Therapeutic Alliance. It finds in William Meissner’s theory of the Therapeutic Alliance and the therapist as Object Relation, a method for helping people to become better ordered in their thinking and living. This Dissertation undertakes a Qualitative Research Study: in four Case Studies, subjects are analysed regarding the subject’s relationship with the church’s shepherds. Arising out of the analysis, it was asked, ‘can the shepherd and sheep relationship in the church be correlated with the theory and emphases of the Therapeutic Alliance? In particular can the shepherd function as an object relation within the sheep?’ The Dissertation devises a new theory, the “Ministry Alliance Model” (MAM). The foundation of the MAM is the shepherd’s ministry of the Cure of Souls; and it combines the diagnostic approach of historic shepherds, (such as in Bucer and Lloyd Jones), with a Therapeutic Alliance approach. The MAM sticks closely to the purposes in shepherding as modeled by Christ and the Apostles: feeding sheep with the word of God in scripture, healing them by God’s power, and organizing them into churches. The MAM also looks at how shepherds can be Object Relations. The MAM is a relationship that helps the shepherds to deal with Transference resistance onto God, and onto the shepherds themselves. Keywords: Pastoral Theology, Shepherd, Transference, Therapeutic Alliance, Interpretation, Identification, Internalization.

Neuropsychological and psychosocial predictors of children's depression

Osborne, Lori Ninette University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 2003 해외박사(DDOD)

소속기관이 구독 중이 아닌 경우 오후 4시부터 익일 오전 9시까지 원문보기가 가능합니다.

The role of regional brain activity, children's perceptions of mother-child relationships, perceptions of interparental conflict, and reports of family-related stress in predicting symptoms of depression, aggression, and anxiety were examined in 624 5<super>th</super> and 6<super>th</super> graders. Perceptual asymmetry on a free vision test (Chimeric Faces Test; Levy, et al., 1983) was used as an index of regional brain activity. One goal was to identify specific predictors of depressive versus aggressive symptoms. Co-occurring symptoms were statistically controlled to increase specificity. Concurrent and short-term longitudinal associations were examined. Low perceived maternal acceptance of individuation (PMAI) specifically predicted depressive symptoms concurrently and longitudinally. Perceived maternal inconsistent discipline specifically predicted aggressive symptoms concurrently. Perceived maternal rejection and family stress were non-specific. High PMAI predicted aggressive symptoms, dependent on levels of rejection and inconsistent discipline. For perceptions of interparental conflict, self-blame predicted depressive and aggressive symptoms concurrently and longitudinally; high perceived threat (PT) predicted concurrent depressive symptoms; low PT, longitudinal aggressive symptoms; and conflict properties, concurrent aggressive symptoms. No sex differences were found for psychosocial predictors of aggressive symptoms; perceptions of maternal rejection, and self-blame and high PT regarding interparental conflict were associated with depressive symptoms for girls only. A second goal was to examine models integrating neuropsychological and psychosocial predictors of depressive symptoms. Low Right Hemisphere Bias (RHB) predicted depressive symptoms in boys (extending the Heller model of emotion; see Heller & Nitschke, 1998), but not in girls. High RHB did not predict anxiety symptoms. In exploratory analyses, for girls, high RHB predicted aggression items reflecting excitation, thus supporting the Heller model linking high RHB to arousal. Moderating, but not mediating models were supported. The association between RHB and depressive symptoms was dependent on PMAI. For boys, this dependency was consistent with a diathesis-stress model. In contrast, for girls with low stress, depressive symptoms were associated with low RHB, and for girls with high stress, with high RBA. Girls' results were discussed in terms of high RHB reflecting increased processing of non-verbal social information, thus intensifying the effects of interpersonal discord.

Judgmental activity and putative awareness in Kant's second analogy of experience (Immanuel Kant)

Osborne, Gregg David The University of Chicago 2001 해외박사(DDOD)

소속기관이 구독 중이 아닌 경우 오후 4시부터 익일 오전 9시까지 원문보기가 가능합니다.

This dissertation centers on a prominent but generally neglected line of argument in Kant's second analogy of experience. It differs from most other recent treatments of this section of the <italic>Critique of Pure Reason</italic> in taking Kant to be concerned there with conditions of representation or putative awareness rather than mere conditions of verification or confirmation. This difference in conception has profound implications for the interpretation not only of the section itself but also of the transcendental deduction of the categories and other crucial parts of Kant's theoretical philosophy. The dissertation does not maintain that recognition of the line of argument in question allows for the solution of all problems in regard to the second analogy. This line of argument—like those ascribed to Kant on all other interpretations with which the author is familiar—may not lead to the conclusion that there cannot be an event which does not have a cause. It does, however, still appear to be sound in important respects. This, the author tries to show, has intriguing implications and allows us to see Kant as having his finger on something of true originality and philosophical importance in the second analogy. It also suggests an unexpected, subtle, and richly nuanced relation between Kant and his great awakener Hume. This relation is traced in detail in the final chapter of the dissertation. Other chapters include detailed analysis not only of the text of the second analogy itself but also of numerous commentators upon it.

Electrocodeposition of nanoparticle composite films using an impinging jet electrode

Osborne, Steven J University of California, San Diego 2006 해외박사(DDOD)

소속기관이 구독 중이 아닌 경우 오후 4시부터 익일 오전 9시까지 원문보기가 가능합니다.

An impinging jet electroplating system with controlled hydrodynamics for rapid plating of composite films, was designed, developed, built, and tested. The resulting system enabled electrodeposition with flowrates from 0.5 LPM to 7.0 LPM, current densities of 25 mA/cm2 to 200 mA/cm 2, and particle loading from 20 to 120 g/L. Electrocodeposition of a copper matrix from a 1.0 M CuSO4 + 1.2 M H2SO 4 bath from kinetically controlled to mass transfer limited conditions with a 50 nm gamma-alumina and 1 mum alpha-alumina particles was studied. The resulting particle incorporation ranged from 0.5 up to 7.0 wt% depending on operating conditions. The maximum particle incorporation of 7.0 wt% for 50 nm gamma-alumina was deposited at 2.5 LPM, 25 mA/cm2, and 120 g/L particle loading. The maximum particle incorporation for 1 mum alpha-alumina of 5.3 wt% was deposited at 2.5 LPM, 200 mA/cm2, and 120 g/L particle loading. Particle incorporation increased linearly with increasing particle loading for 50 nm gamma-alumina. The structure of the deposits was analyzed by electron microscopy, which determined average grain sizes as small as 175 nm for a composite film with 50 nm gamma-alumina particles deposited with a current density of 200 mA/cm2. Imaging with a backscatter electron detector showed a random distribution of particles in the deposited films. The resistivity of the deposited films was measured with a maximum resistance of 0.21 muO was measured for a sample with 2.2 wt% 50 nm alumina incorporation with 175 nm average grain size. This was a 75% increase in resistance compared to a pure copper electrodeposited film.

Female bullying behaviors and perceived social support in single-sex and coeducational schools: Do bullying and social support differ by school gender composition?

Osborne-Oliver, Kristina M State University of New York at Albany 2008 해외박사(DDOD)

소속기관이 구독 중이 아닌 경우 오후 4시부터 익일 오전 9시까지 원문보기가 가능합니다.

The identification of mitigating factors, such as the frequency and sources of social support available to youth, have been found to influence student involvement in bullying. Students' personal characteristics are suggested to influence their roles in bullying and their perceptions of social support; however, research exploring the influence of school contextual factors on these variables is limited. Thus, the purpose of this study was to examine whether female students' involvement in the bullying process and their perceptions of social support would differ based on their school gender compositions. Additionally, the extent to which social support was related to female victimization and bullying behaviors within these school settings was explored. This study surveyed 104 female elementary students, enrolled in coeducational and single-sex private schools in upstate New York, regarding their bullying and victimization experiences and their perceptions of social support. Results indicated that a greater proportion of female coeducational students identified being a "victim" and a "bully" than female single-sex students when asked specifically if they had been bullied or had bullied others at school. Other analyses, however, revealed no significant group differences for frequency or types of victimization and bullying when students' composite scores for these respective scales were compared. This finding suggests that students' reports of their involvement in the bullying process varied as a function of the assessment method, that is, whether a single-item or multiple items were utilized to assess their experiences. Group differences were not apparent among students' reports of frequency, importance, or sources of social support. Decreased social support was found to be a significant predictor of victimization and bullying within the current sample; lower levels of teacher and classmate support were significant predictors of victimization, while lower levels of parent support was a significant predictor of bullying. Results of the present study highlight the importance of considering the assessment procedure when assessing students' victimization and bullying behaviors, and identify particular sources of support that are influential in female students' involvement in the bullying process within private school settings. Implications for practice, the limitations of this study, and the directions for future research are discussed.

The acquisition of fine phonetic detail in a foreign language: Perception and production of stops in L2 English and L1 Portuguese

Osborne, Denise Maria The University of Arizona 2016 해외박사(DDOD)

소속기관이 구독 중이 아닌 경우 오후 4시부터 익일 오전 9시까지 원문보기가 가능합니다.

This study investigated the perception and production of L2 English and L1 Portuguese stops in initial position by analyzing the acquisition of voice onset time (VOT) categories. 36 Brazilian Portuguese (BP) learners of English and 36 monolingual BP speakers, all of them living in Brazil, participated in this study. There were two language sessions, English and Portuguese (monolinguals took part in the Portuguese session only). In each language session, participants took part in a production and a perception task in the respective language (the tasks were mirror-images of each other). To elicit the production data, participants took part in a delayed repetition task. To elicit the perception data, participants took part in a two-alternative forced-choice identification test. The analysis of the data showed that improvement in L2 may entail improvement in L2 perception of stops. On the other hand, the lack of effects of proficiency in L2 production of stops may suggest occurrence of learning stabilization of L2 VOT categories. L1 phonetic drift was observed in the production of the Portuguese /b/, /k/, and /g/ (but not for /p/). However, no effects of L2 learning on L1 was observed for the perception of Portuguese /b/-/p/. L2 learners who had learned English in their L1 country and in formal settings demonstrated that they were able to form new phonetic categories for the production of /p/, /b/, and /g/. The higher-proficiency group (but not the lower-proficiency group) demonstrated that they developed language-specific phonetic strategies for /p/-/b/ since they were able to process the same set of sounds on a continuum from /b/ to /p/ as either L1 or L2 stops as a function of language mode. The perception study showed that language-specific phonetic strategies, which had been observed among highly fluent bilinguals, could also be possible for this population.

On geometric control design for holonomic and nonholonomic mechanical systems

Osborne, Jason M North Carolina State University 2007 해외박사(DDOD)

소속기관이 구독 중이 아닌 경우 오후 4시부터 익일 오전 9시까지 원문보기가 가능합니다.

An overarching and unifying theme for this document is that viewing mechanical systems through a geometric lens opens up an extensive set of tools that can be brought to bear upon energy, mass, and system---conscious control design for constrained mechanical systems. To demonstrate this thesis we consider the dynamics and control for several mechanical systems. The moving mass Chaplygin sleigh, a rigid platform and moving mass system with attached blade imposing nonholonomic (velocity) constraints, when viewed through a geometric lens presents a nonholonomic momentum equation. Analysis of this momentum equation reveals natural (uncontrolled) motions of the sleigh system that play a central role in our control design to steer the sleigh to any point in the plane using a moving mass. We develop a geodesic-based, proportional-derivative (PD) control logic for tracking on a class of Riemannian manifolds. As a specific application of this general control logic, we consider the double gimbal system, a mechanical system comprised of a base, an outer gimbal attached to the base through a revolute joint, and an inner gimbal also attached to the outer gimbal through a revolute joint. Simply stated, our specific application is to develop a control logic for pointing a telescope from an initial pointing direction to a desired pointing direction. In an n-symplectic (generalized Hamiltonian) setting, kinetic energy dynamics are formulated on the frame bundle of the configuration manifold for a mechanical systems. By adapting the frame bundle dynamics to the constraint distribution (that is, by an appropriate choice of moving frame) a portion of the constrained generalized momenta dynamics are an n-symplectic version of the nonholonomic momentum equation. These general dynamics have been carried out for the simple examples of the vertical rolling hoop and a nonholonomic constrained particle. Preliminary work along the n-symplectic line of thought indicates the possiblity of potential shaping and momenta based control design for nonholonomic mechanical systems.

Investigating family structure and mothering behaviors as pathways to child well-being

Osborne, Cynthia Anne Princeton University 2003 해외박사(DDOD)

소속기관이 구독 중이 아닌 경우 오후 4시부터 익일 오전 9시까지 원문보기가 가능합니다.

I use data from the Fragile Families Study to investigate the links between family structure, mothering behaviors, and child well-being. I take into consideration the considerable diversity of unmarried family forms involving children, and disentangle the effects of family structure from the effects of family instability. Each chapter is written in journal article format. Chapter one investigates whether the factors associated with marriage and separation are similar for all unmarried parents. I examine the extent to which human capital, relationship quality, and attitudes about marriage and gender are associated with union transitions for cohabiting parents and visiting parents, defined as romantically involved couples, who do not co-reside. The results suggest that the predictors differ for each group. Cohabitors place more emphasis on relationship quality in their transition to marriage, whereas visitors place more importance on human capital. Moreover, visitors are more likely to separate from a potentially stressful relationship. Chapter two compares mothering behaviors in four types of stable family structures one year after the birth of a child. I also examine differences in mothering behaviors between stable and unstable families. The findings show that differences in mothering behaviors are largely explained by differences in mother's age, race, and education. Importantly, separation from marriage has more of a negative impact on mothering behaviors than does separation from an unmarried relationship. Chapter three uses preliminary data from the Fragile Families Study to examine whether there is an advantage to children born to married versus cohabiting parents. This chapter is co-authored with Sara McLanahan and Jeanne Brooks-Gunn. We consider how differences in mothers' demographic and socioeconomic characteristics, mental and physical health, parents' relationship quality, mothering behaviors, and family instability explain differences in child behavioral problems at age three. The results show that children born to married parents have fewer reported behavioral problems. About half of the marriage advantage is explained by characteristics of the mother that pre-date family structure. However, we cannot fully account for the marriage advantage associated with withdrawn, anxious/depressive, and overall behavioral problems.

Routine adjustments: Re-viewing women's TV comedy genres, 1950--1969

Osborne-Thompson, Heather Kathryn University of Southern California 2004 해외박사(DDOD)

소속기관이 구독 중이 아닌 경우 오후 4시부터 익일 오전 9시까지 원문보기가 가능합니다.

This dissertation is a recuperative history of women's participation in several popular TV comedy genres of the 1950s and 1960s. More specifically, it employs theories of gender, comedy, and authorship to consider the way American television comedy has functioned historically as a space that encourages and limits women's ability both to express themselves and to experiment with different modes of feminine performance. In this way, the study seeks to draw out the connections between early television history, which typically emphasizes the "domestic" nature of women's comedy programming, and accounts of the more "liberated" moment of early 1970s television in which comedic programs starring women reportedly involved a wider, more progressive range of representations. By examining the possibilities for authorship in the early 1950s sitcom work of Lucille Ball and Joan Davis; the performative "mobility" of 1950s single girl sitcom stars Eve Arden and Ann Sothern; the preoccupation with "personal" humor of 1960s stand-up comedy stars Phyllis Diller, Totie Fields and Joan Rivers; and the insistence on the "rearticulation" of out-of-control performance by 1960s female variety stars Carol Burnett and the female cast of Rowan and Martin's Laugh-In, the dissertation suggests that women's TV comedy of the 1950s and 1960s provided the "roots" for the more overtly "feminist" strategies of 1970s comedies like Maude and The Mary Tyler Moore Show. As such, it proposes a model of feminist television history that works to account for images and voices that existed in tension with the dominant mode of female representation in much of American television comedy prior to 1970.