Suffering and Dr. Yonggi Cho’s Theology of the Cross

( Opoku Onyinah ) 한세대학교 영산신학연구소 2011 영산신학저널 Vol.22 No.-

This paper examines Dr. Cho’s concept of the cross of our Lord Jesus Christ with reference to suffering of people, especially Christians. It shows that Dr. Yonggi Cho’s message of the cross develops from the backdrop of Pentecostals’ preaching about the cross. Pentecostals believe that miracles, healing and deliverance from afflictions are part of the biblical faith, practised by the Lord Jesus and the early church. Christians are, therefore, to continue with these; yet Christianity during the Enlightenment resorted to scientific solutions, neglecting almost completely prayer for divine intervention. The emergence of the Pentecostal movement in the 20th century, of which Yonggi Cho emerged, changed the trend. It is shown that Dr. Cho identifies himself with the suffering that came along with the Japanese occupation and the Korean War. In his early days, he experienced suffering in the forms of poverty and sickness. What took him out of poverty and suffering, he asserts, was the acknowledgement of Jesus Christ into his life as Lord and saviour. Cho believes that the crux of the Christian message-the gospel-is the cross. For him, all the answers to life’s problems can be found in the cross of Christ. However, as he says, believers must appropriate prosperity and deliverance by faith. The paper also briefly touches on Cho’s emphasis on faith which has been criticised by some scholars. It further demonstrates the balance that Cho brings to bear in his writings, as he shows that in his church the bothersome problem of some being healed and others not, occur. The paper ends by pointing to Cho’s paradoxical preaching of the cross, which must be understood in the context of the place of suffering within the biblical concept of the fall.

Organic field-effect transistors processed by an environmentally friendly non-halogenated solvent blend

Opoku, Henry,Nketia-Yawson, Benjamin,Shin, Eun-Sol,Noh, Yong-Young The Royal Society of Chemistry 2018 Journal of materials chemistry. C, Materials for o Vol.6 No.3

<P>Chlorinated solvents exhibit excellent solubility characteristics for common conjugated molecules and superior physical properties such as adequate viscosity, surface tension and high boiling point, so they are the preferred processing solvent option for realizing high-performance organic devices by cost-effective graphic art printing, despite their known adverse environmental impact. Based on Hansen solubility parameter analysis, this study employed a non-halogenated binary solvent blend of mesitylene and acetophenone to closely mimic the efficiency of dichlorobenzene, a well-known chlorinated solvent for widely used conjugated polymers used in organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) such as poly{[<I>N</I>,<I>N</I>′-bis(2-octyldodecyl)-1,4,5,8-naphthalenediimide-2,6-diyl]-<I>alt</I>-5,5′-(2,2′-bithiophene)} (P(NDI2OD-T2)), 3,6-bis-(5bromo-thiophen-2-yl)-<I>N</I>,<I>N</I>-bis(2-octyl-1-dodecyl)-1,4-dioxo pyrrolo[3,4-<I>c</I>]pyrrole (DPPT-TT) and indacenodithiophene-<I>co</I>-benzothiadiazole (IDT-BT). We tuned the solvent quality of the non-halogenated binary blend in various ratios and studied their effect on polymer pre-aggregation in the solution state, polymer microstructure, and morphological evolution of polymer thin films cast from the solvent blends. High-performance top-gate/bottom-contact OFETs were demonstrated with field-effect mobility values of up to ∼0.574, ∼0.634 and ∼0.785 cm<SUP>2</SUP> V<SUP>−1</SUP> s<SUP>−1</SUP> for P(NDI2OD-T2), DPPT-TT, and IDT-BT polymers, respectively, employing a mesitylene and acetophenone blend (95 : 5 vol%) as a processing solvent.</P>

Computational screening of vdWs heterostructures of BSe with MoSe2 and WSe2 as sustainable hydrogen production materials

Opoku Francis,Govender Penny P. 한국물리학회 2022 Current Applied Physics Vol.40 No.-

Recently, fabricating type-II vertical van der Waals (vdWs) heterostructure is a promising material for hydrogen production. The absorption capability, charge density distributions, band alignments and electronic properties of the monolayers and heterostructures are systematically investigated using computational studies. Using ab initio molecular dynamics, binding energy and phonon calculations, the stability of the heterostructures are verified. Both heterostructures are type-II materials, which can increase the separation of charge carriers. Moreover, the charge density difference and the potential drop across the interface of MSe2/BSe creates a high built-in electric field that can prevent the recombination of charge carriers. We found that the visible-light optical properties of both heterostructures are much enhanced with suitable bandgap energy for water splitting. The band alignment suggests that the heterostructures straddle water redox potentials in acid solutions (0 < pH < 7). Our study predicted that MSe2/BSe vdW heterostructures have great potential for photocatalytic hydrogen production.

Controlling organization of conjugated polymer films from binary solvent mixtures for high performance organic field-effect transistors

Opoku, Henry,Nketia-Yawson, Benjamin,Shin, Eun Sol,Noh, Yong-Young Elsevier 2017 Organic electronics Vol.41 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>We investigate the effect of a binary solvent blend as a solvent for poly{[<I>N</I>,<I>N</I>′-bis(2-octyldodecyl)-1,4,5,8-naphthalenediimide-2,6-diyl]-alt-5,5′-(2,2′-bithiophene)} P(NDI2OD-T2) on the characteristics of n-channel organic field-effect transistors (OFETs). To make the binary solvent blend, the low-boiling-point non-solvent propylene glycol methyl ether acetate (PGMEA, b.p ∼146 °C) is added to the high-boiling-point good solvent 1,2-dichlorobenzene (O-DCB, b.p ∼180 °C) at various mixing ratio from 0 to 40 v%. UV–vis spectra of P(NDI2OD-T2) solution dissolved in the binary solvent clearly show the formation of polymer aggregates through a gradual red shift of the intramolecular charge transfer band with the addition of high concentrations of non-solvent PGMEA. Higher edge-on oriented crystallinity is observed for P(NDI2OD-T2) films spin-coated from the binary solvent with 5–10 v% PGMEA by out-of-order x-ray diffraction. P(NDI2OD-T2) films are applied as the active layer in top-gate/bottom-contact OFETs. Improved n-type field-effect mobility of the P(NDI2OD-T2) semiconducting layer up to 0.59 cm<SUP>2</SUP>/Vs was achieved for on-center spin coated films compared to 1.03 cm<SUP>2</SUP>/Vs for off-center (parallel alignment) spin-coated films respectively employing the binary solvent with 10 v% PGMEA.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Investigate the binary solvent effect on characteristics of organic transistors. </LI> <LI> Low-boiling-point non-solvent and the high-boiling-point good solvent is optimized. </LI> <LI> P(NDI2OD-T2) OFETs show an improved mobility of 1.03 cm<SUP>2</SUP>/Vs by binary solvent. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

DC Microgrid Testbed System Employing Quadruple-Active-Bridge (QAB) Converter and Power Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) Simulation

Kwabena Opoku Bempah(크와베나 오포쿠 벰파),Jun-Young Lee(이준영),Kyung-Wook Heo(허경욱),Myunghyo Ryu(류명효),Jee-Hoon Jung(정지훈) 전력전자학회 2021 전력전자학술대회 논문집 Vol.2021 No.7

Assessment of Nutrient Flows and Balances in Smallholder Cereal-legume-livestock Farms in the Dry Savannas of West Africa

Andrews Opoku,Robert Abaidoo,Ebenezer Safo,Maman Nouri 한국토양비료학회 2014 한국토양비료학회 학술발표회 초록집 Vol.2014 No.6

Sustainability of Crop Residue Allocation Options in Smallholder Cereal-Legume-Livestock Farms in the Dry Savannas of West Africa

Andrews Opoku,Robert Abaidoo,Ebenezer Safo,Emmanuel Iwuafor,Maman Nouri,Naaminong Kabo 한국토양비료학회 2014 한국토양비료학회 학술발표회 초록집 Vol.2014 No.6

Acceptor Unit Effects for Ambipolar Organic Field-Effect Transistors Based on TIPS-Benzodithiophene Copolymers

Henry Opoku,Chinna Bathula,Melaku Dereje Mamo,Nabeen K Shrestha,이태권,노용영 한국고분자학회 2019 Macromolecular Research Vol.27 No.1

Two narrow band gap triisopropylsilyl substituted benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b] dithiophene (TIPS-BDT) derivatives, P1 (1.65 eV) and P2 (1.46 eV) are synthesized for ambipolar organic field-effect transistors and complementary inverters. Two electron acceptor units, heptadecanyl substituted thieno[3,4-c]pyrrole-4,6-dione (TPD) and ethylhexyl substituted diketopyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole (DPP) are incorporated to tune the structure and resulting properties of the donor-acceptor type copolymers. Structural modification based on the acceptor unit variation, resulted in comparable electrochemical, optical, microstructural, and charge transporting properties, as well as environmental and operational stability. TIPS-BDT copolymers with TPD acceptor units show comparatively superior performance, with field effect mobility ~10-3 cm2V-1s-1 for both holes and electrons and inverter gain ~18 with poly(methyl methacrylate) gate dielectric.

‘Ghana Beyond Aid’ and Its Impacts on Ghana-China Relations

Heidi Opoku-Mensah 동덕여자대학교 한중미래연구소 2018 한중미래연구 Vol.11 No.-

식민지에서 독립한 이후 가나는 발전을 위한 심각한 장애물에 부딪혔으 며 이는 가나의 경제발전을 가로막는 요소로 작용했다. 가나 정부의 지속적인 노력에도 불구하고 급속히 증가하는 인구성장으로 인해 가나의 발전은 여전히 지체되었다. 중국 정부가 실행한 2007년 가나의 국채 탕감 과 이후 중국이 지속한 인프라와 기술 분야에 대한 투자는 가나의 성장을 앞당기는 주요 요인으로 기능했다. ‘원조 넘어 가나’는 가나가 원조 공여국 에 대한 경제적 종속을 지양하고 풍부한 천연자원을 활용해 독자적인 발전 정책을 추진하기 위해 마련한 정책이다. 이 논문은 원조 넘어 가나 정책을 통해 가나와 중국이 상호협력, 신뢰, 존중을 통해 공동 발전을 추진해 온 과정을 설명하고 이를 통해 가나가 중국의 성공 스토리를 자체적으로 계승 발전시킬 수 있는 가능성을 지니고 있음을 설명하고 있다. Since colonial era through independence, Ghana has faced myriads of developmental challenges ranging from infrastructure deficit, poverty, unemployment, illiteracy, corruption, poor governance amongst others and this has stalled the economic growth and development of the country. Successive governments have contributed efforts through various intervention programmes to help address these developmental bottlenecks. Most of these interventions have been successful but with a rapidly growing population, a lot still needs to be done. China’s involvement in Ghana’s development commenced in 1961, shortly after the two countries established formal diplomatic relations. The former’s developmental assistance to the latter has contributed immensely in helping Ghana address its developmental challenges; from writing off Ghana’s debt in 2007 to massive infrastructure and technological breakthroughs in the area of energy, transport, telecommunication, and building construction, China has now become a major developmental partner for Ghana as well as a top trading partner in recent years. The move by Ghana to go ‘beyond aid’ was born out of the need for the country to chart its own development path by prudently managing the country’s natural resources and financing its development agenda without depending on external assistance. In other words, the country will be in-charge of its own reforms and development agendas rather than allowing priorities to be set by donor partners and institutions. In addition, the ‘Ghana Beyond Aid’ agenda aims at equal partnership and mutual benefits with developmental partners. The paper argues that, Ghana and China have come a long way through mutual cooperation, trust and respect. Four decades ago, China embarked on aggressive economic reforms that propelled its economy from low-income to high-income status, thus, as Ghana is seeking to replicate China’s success story by undergoing similar reforms through its ‘Ghana Beyond Aid’ agenda, the bilateral relations between the two countries will further be deepened, moving it to greater heights. The impact of the reforms will be mutually beneficial and the prospects are equally promising.

Animistic World View and the Search for Truth in the Christian Classroom: Towards a Holistic Approach

Daniel Opoku Boateng 삼육대학교 선교와사회문제연구소 2010 Asia-Africa Journal of Mission and Ministry(AAMM) Vol.2 No.-