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Jin, Eun-Jung,Park, Jae-Han,Lee, Sun-Young,Chun, Jang-Soo,Bang, Ok-Sun,Kang, Shin-Sung Elsevier 2006 The international journal of biochemistry & cell b Vol.38 No.2
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>In this study we investigated whether signalling by TGF-β3 and Wnt-5a cross-talk during chondrogenic differentiation of chick wing mesenchyme. Using differential display polymerase chain reaction screening, we found the expression of Wnt-5a to be significantly increased during transforming growth factor-β3 (TGF-β3)-induced precartilage condensation in mesenchyme micromass cultures. Transfection of cells with a Wnt-5a expression construct promoted precartilage condensation and chondrogenesis in micromass cultures, similar to that observed when chondrogenic-competent cells were exposed to TGF-β3. Overexpression of Wnt-5a or treatment with TGF-β3 stimulated the activation of protein kinase C-α (PKC-α) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), both positive regulators of chondrogenic differentiation. Inactivation of PKC-α and p38 MAPK by specific inhibitors abrogated chondrogenesis stimulated by both TGF-β3 and Wnt-5a. Similarly, partial reduction in TGF-β3-induced Wnt-5a expression by small interfering RNA resulted in decreased activities of PKC-α and p38 MAPK, and abolished the chondro-stimulatory effect of TGF-β3. Collectively, these findings indicate that Wnt-5a, a non-canonical Wnt, can mediate the chondro-stimulatory effect of TGF-β3 through upregulation of PKC-α and p38MAPK signaling.</P>
Jang, Young-Min,Lee, Joong-Sook,Yang, Jeong-Ok,Lee, Bom-Jin Korean Society of Sport Biomechanics 2016 한국운동역학회지 Vol.26 No.4
Objective: The purpose of this study was to analyze and compare different kinds of outdoor walking shoes in terms of muscle fatigue and ground reaction force on walking, and to provide foundational data for developing and choosing outdoor walking shoes that fit the users. Method: The study subjects were 30 healthy men. The experiment was conducted by using outdoor walking shoes with different inner and outer harnesses of the midsole, and shapes of the outsole. For data collection, electromyography was used to measure the muscle fatigue of the anterior tibial muscle and gastrocnemii, which contribute to the dorsiflexion and plantarflexion of the ankle joint, and the biceps muscle of the thigh and lateral great muscles, which contribute to the flexion and extension of the knee joint. A GRF measurement device was used to measure the X, Y, and Z axes. Results: In the type A outdoor walking shoes, regarding the hardness of the midsole, the inner part was soft, while the outer part was hard. The vertical ground reaction force was the lowest, which means least impact while walking and light load to the knees and ankles. The type C outdoor walking shoes were intended to provide a good feel in wearing the shoes. The tibialis anterior, biceps femoris, and gastrocnemii indicate low fatigue, which means that during a long-distance walk, it will minimize the fatigue in the muscles of the lower limbs. Conclusion: To sum up the study results, the different types of outdoor walking shoes indicate their unique characteristics in the biomechanical comparison and analysis. However, the difference was not statistically significant. Thus, a systematic and constant follow-up research should be conducted to cope with expanding market for outdoor walking shoes. Lastly, this study is expected to present foundational data and directions for developing outdoor walking shoes.
( Jin Kyoung Park ),( Seon Min Kim ),( Ji Won Jang ),( Chang Hun Lee ),( Seong Hun Kim ),( Sang Wook Kim ),( Seung Ok Lee ),( Soo Teik Lee ),( Dae Ghon Kim ),( In Hee Kim ) 대한간학회 2013 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2013 No.1
Background: Bacterial infection is a major complication in patients with liver cirrhosis. In this study, we investigated the prevalence and type of bacterial infection in hospitalized patients with alcoholic hepatitis or cirrhosis. We also explored impact of bacterial infection on short-term mortality. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed medical records of 544 consecutive admissions in 409 patients (96 with alcoholic hepatitis, 313 with alcoholic cirrhosis) who admitted at Chonbuk National University Hospital between January 2010 and December 2012. Results: The mean age was 54.4 years, 92.8% were male, mean Child-Pugh score was 8.2, and mean MELD score was 13.7. Of total 544 admissions, 133 (24.4%) cases presented with infection (116 community-acquired and 17 hospital-acquired). Pneumonia was the most prevalent one (38%) and followed by biliary tract infection (17%), soft tissue infection (12%),spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (9%). Bacterial infections were associated with old age (P<0.001), male sex (P=0.033), diabetes mellitus (P=0.032), ascites (P=0.006), gastrointestinal bleeding (P<0.001), high leukocytes count (P<0.001), low serum albumin level (P=0.012), low serum sodium level (P<0.001), high C-reactive protein (P<0.001), high MELD score (P=0.015), presence of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) (P<0.001). Overall 30-day and 90-day mortality was significantly higher in patients with infection than those without infection (22.3% vs. 5.1% and 32.3% vs. 8.2%, P<0.001). In the multivariate analysis, SIRS positivity (HR=2.8, 95% CI: 1.4-5.8, P=0.004), Maddrey`s discriminant function score ≥32 (HR=2.7, 95% CI: 1.5-5.0, P=0.001), presence of infection (HR=2.9, 95% CI: 1.4-5.9, P=0.003) were significant risk factors for shortterm mortality. Conclusions: Bacterial infection is an important complication increasing the risk of short-term mortality in hospitalized patients with alcoholic hepatitis or cirrhosis.
Jang, Jung Eun,Ko, Myoung Seok,Yun, Ji-Young,Kim, Mi-Ok,Kim, Jin Hee,Park, Hye Sun,Kim, Ah-Ram,Kim, Hyuk-Joong,Kim, Bum Joong,Ahn, Young Eun,Oh, Jin Sun,Lee, Woo Je,Harris, Robert A.,Koh, Eun Hee,Lee, American Diabetes Association 2016 Diabetes Vol. No.
<P>Fibrosis of adipose tissue induces ectopic fat accumulation and insulin resistance by inhibiting adipose tissue expandability. Mechanisms responsible for the induction of adipose tissue fibrosis may provide therapeutic targets but are poorly understood. In this study, high-fat diet (HFD)-fed wild-type (WT) and iNOS(-/-) mice were used to examine the relationship between nitric oxide (NO) produced by macrophages and adipose tissue fibrosis. In contrast to WT mice, iNOS(-/-) mice fed an HFD were protected from infiltration of proinflammatory macrophages and adipose tissue fibrosis. Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1 alpha) protein level was increased in adipose tissue of HFD-fed WT mice, but not iNOS(-/-) mice. In contrast, the expression of mitochondrial biogenesis factors was decreased in HFD-fed WT mice, but not iNOS(-)/(-) mice. In studies with cultured cells, macrophage-derived NO decreased the expression of mitochondrial biogenesis factors, and increased HIF-1 alpha protein level, DNA damage, and phosphorylated p53 in preadipocytes. By activating p53 signaling, NO suppressed peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator is expression, which induced mitochondrial dysfunction and inhibited preadipocyte differentiation in adipocytes. The effects of NO were blocked by rosiglitazone. The findings suggest that NO produced by macrophages induces mitochondrial dysfunction in preadipocytes by activating p53 signaling, which in turn increases HIF-1 alpha protein level and promotes a profibrogenic response in preadipocytes that results in adipose tissue fibrosis.</P>