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Multi-Objective Design Exploration and its Applications
Obayashi, Shigeru,Jeong, Shin-Kyu,Shimoyama, Koji,Chiba, Kazuhisa,Morino, Hiroyuki The Korean Society for Aeronautical and Space Scie 2010 International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sc Vol.11 No.4
Multi-objective design exploration (MODE) and its applications are reviewed as an attempt to utilize numerical simulation in aerospace engineering design. MODE reveals the structure of the design space based on trade-off information. A self-organizing map (SOM) is incorporated into MODE as a visual data mining tool for the design space. SOM divides the design space into clusters with specific design features. This article reviews existing visual data mining techniques applied to engineering problems. Then, we discuss three applications of MODE: multidisciplinary design optimization for a regional-jet wing, silent supersonic technology demonstrator and centrifugal diffusers.
Technological Innovation and Multiple- and Single-Sourcing Policies In the Automobile Parts Trade
Obayashi, Atsuomi,Endo, Takuro Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers 2005 Industrial Engineeering & Management Systems Vol.4 No.2
The single sourcing policy, in which an automobile manufacturer purchases identical or similar parts from one supplier, has an advantage of scale economy. Meanwhile, multiple sourcing policy, which allows procuring similar parts from multiple suppliers, has benefits of dispersing risks and promoting competition among suppliers. This paper analyzes the procurement policies by presenting a model of the Japanese automobile parts trade. It concludes that maturity of technology involved should be taken into account besides above-mentioned factors which have traditionally been recognized. For parts produced using evolving technologies, the single sourcing enhances purchaser’s benefits because of the scale economy in learning process. In the meantime, multiple sourcing is more beneficial to the purchaser if the parts are based on mature technologies. In either policy, if the technology involved is evolving, motivating suppliers by returning a great part of cost reduction as a reward to them may eventually increase profit for the purchaser. The conclusion supports the situation where the number of suppliers is being cut down as the trend of modularization and system deliveries of parts progresses in the auto parts industry, and suggests that returning part of benefits to parts suppliers may be encouraged from the viewpoint of auto manufacturers’ own interest.
Proper Incentives to Promote Information Exchange
Obayashi, Atsuomi Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers 2007 Industrial Engineeering & Management Systems Vol.6 No.1
Exchange of information is essential to the process of innovation such as product development. However, in many cases innovation fails because of a lack of knowledge sharing among parties concerned, even if parties individually have pieces of useful knowledge and skills. Besides physical factors like communication costs, the possibility of opportunistic behavior by parties like stealing ideas can discourage information exchange. This paper introduces a model to analyze incentives of information exchange. The model is a game by two players who alternately opt to offer information to the partner. It is suggested that information exchange can stop before reaching the efficient level. In order to attain the efficient information exchange, expectation of mutual benefit and absence of opportunistic motives in both players are needed. Methods for promoting information exchange include modifying payoff structure to meet the condition of information exchange. The fluidity of partnership may increase a variety of information exchange partners, but discourage building trust between partners which promotes information exchange.
Multi-Objective Design Exploration and its Applications
Shigeru Obayashi,Shinkyu Jeong,Koji Shimoyama,Kazuhisa Chiba,Hiroyuki Morino 한국항공우주학회 2010 International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sc Vol.11 No.4
Multi-objective design exploration (MODE) and its applications are reviewed as an attempt to utilize numerical simulation in aerospace engineering design. MODE reveals the structure of the design space based on trade-off information. A self-organizing map (SOM) is incorporated into MODE as a visual data mining tool for the design space. SOM divides the design space into clusters with specific design features. This article reviews existing visual data mining techniques applied to engineering problems. Then, we discuss three applications of MODE: multidisciplinary design optimization for a regional-jet wing, silent supersonic technology demonstrator and centrifugal diffusers.
Masanao Obayashi,Kenichiro Narita,Takashi Kuremoto,Kunikazu Kobayashi 제어로봇시스템학회 2008 제어로봇시스템학회 국제학술대회 논문집 Vol.2008 No.10
Human learns incidents by own actions and reflects them on the subsequent action as own experiences. These experiences are memorized in his brain and recollected if necessary. This research incorporates such an intelligent information processing mechanism, and applies it to an autonomous agent that has three main functions: learning, memorization and associative recollection. In the proposed system, an actor-critic type reinforcement learning method is used for learning. Auto-associative chaotic neural network is also used like mutual associative memory system. Moreover, the memory part has an adaptive hierarchical layered structure of the memory module that consists of chaotic neural networks in consideration of the adjustment to non-MDP (Markov Decision Process) environment. Finally, the effectiveness of this proposed method is verified through the simulation applied to the maze-searching problem.
Kazuhiro Obayashi 한국외국어대학교 국제지역연구센터 2014 International Area Studies Review Vol.17 No.1
Current literature on civil war is well aware of the importance of defection by rebel members for civil war dynamics, including that of ethnic defection. However, scholars have not closely examined the effects of defection on civil war. In this article, I argue that rebel members’ defection and resultant information leaks to the state increase the likelihood of the state’s military escalation through their effects on three aspects of conflict: the efficiency of the state’s offensives against the rebel group; the efficiency of the state’s defenses against rebel group’s offensives; and the level of uncertainty for the state in war. These effects of defection, however, are conditional on the credibility and consequentiality of the information from the defectors. The utilities of the alternative courses of action for the state also matters. The theory is applied to the case of civil war in Sri Lanka to explain the state’s initiation of Eelam War IV, which ended with a swift and thorough state victory. An implication of the theory is that the experience in Sri Lanka is not easily replicable elsewhere. The findings have implications to the studies of the duration and termination of civil war as well as to the studies of the use of violence against civilians.
Proper Incentives to Promote Information Exchange
Atsuomi Obayashi 대한산업공학회 2007 Industrial Engineeering & Management Systems Vol.6 No.1
Exchange of information is essential to the process of innovation such as product development. However, in many cases innovation fails because of a lack of knowledge sharing among parties concerned, even if parties individually have pieces of useful knowledge and skills. Besides physical factors like communication costs, the possibility of opportunistic behavior by parties like stealing ideas can discourage information exchange. This paper introduces a model to analyze incentives of information exchange. The model is a game by two players who alternately opt to offer information to the partner. It is suggested that information exchange can stop before reaching the efficient level. In order to attain the efficient information exchange, expectation of mutual benefit and absence of opportunistic motives in both players are needed. Methods for promoting information exchange include modifying payoff structure to meet the condition of information exchange. The fluidity of partnership may increase a variety of information exchange partners, but discourage building trust between partners which promotes information exchange.
Intelligent Tracking Control Method of A Target by Group of Agents with Nonlinear Dynamics
Masanao Obayashi,Yuuki Yokoji,Shogo Uchiyama,Liangbing Feng,Takashi Kuremoto,Kunikazu Kobayashi 제어로봇시스템학회 2011 제어로봇시스템학회 국제학술대회 논문집 Vol.2011 No.10
This paper proposes the intelligent tracking control of the target by group of agents with nonlinear dynamics. In the proposed method, agents can exchange only information of positions and the group of agents track the target based on only its position, taking a predefined formation. In the real world, the method that agents do not require a lot of information is useful for the case of existing communication delay of information and weak communication. In addition, each agent shall have the nonlinear dynamics and external disturbance. Therefore an auto- structuring fuzzy neural control system (ASFNCS) is introduced to provide appropriate control inputs while coping well with disturbance and nonlinear dynamics. Thus, while maintaining adequate control performance, the method can reduce the computational load. In the simulation, it is verified that the proposed method is useful in the point of target tracking performance through distributed agent cooperation behaviors.