Photosynthesis and Water-Use Efficiency of Some Mangroves from Sundarbans, India

Nandy, Paramita,Ghose, Monoranjan 한국식물학회 2001 Journal of Plant Biology Vol.44 No.4

We studied seasonal fluctuations in the rates of photosynthesis, transpiration, PAR, and stomatal conductance for 16 species of true mangroves from the Sundarbans region of West Bengal. Soil salinity and pH were also measured. Leaf temperatures were almost always higher than the ambient temperature. We observed considerable seasonal (summer vs winter) as well as interspecific variations in photosynthesis, with the highest rates occurring in Heritiera fomes (13.21μ㏖ m^-2 s^-1) and Avicennia marina (11.8μ㏖ m^-2 s^-1), and the lowest in Nypa fruticans (1.56μ㏖ m^-2 s^-1) and Ceriops decandra (2.32μ㏖ m^-2 s^-1). In many species, an abrupt rise in leaf temperature retarded the photosynthetic process. In winter, the rate of transpiration and stomatal conductance reached their maxima in A. marina (4.83m㏖ m^-2 s^-1 and 124.23 m㏖ m^-2 s^-1, respectively) and their mimima in Excoecaria agallocha (1.85m㏖ m^-2 s^-1 and 49.19m㏖ m^-2 s^-1, respectively). In contrast, the maximum summer readings were recorded in E. agallocha (6.07m㏖ m^-2 s^-1 and 192.74m㏖ m^-2 s^-1 respectively).

Hypofractionated Radiotherapy for Breast Cancers - Preliminary Results from a Tertiary Care Center in Eastern India

Nandi, Moujhuri,Mahata, Anurupa,Mallick, Indranil,Achari, Rimpa,Chatterjee, Sanjoy Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.6

Background: The standard radiotherapy (RT) fractionation practiced in India and worldwide is 50Gy in 25 fractions over 5 weeks to the chest wall or whole breast followed by tumour bed boost in case of breast conservation (BCS). A body of validated data exists regarding hypofractionation in breast cancer. We here report initial results for 135 patients treated at our center with the START-B type of fractionation. Materials and Methods: From May 2011 till July 2012, women with all stages of breast cancer (excluding metastatic), who had undergone BCS or mastectomy were planned for 40Gy in 15 fractions over 3weeks to chest wall/whole breast and supraclavicular fossa (where indicated) followed by tumour bed boost in BCS patients. Planning was done using Casebow's technique. The primary end point was to assess the acute toxicity and the cosmetic outcomes. Using cosmetic scales; patients were assessed during radiotherapy and at subsequent follow up visits with the radiation oncologist. Results: Of the 135 patients, 62 had undergone BCS and 73 mastectomy. Median age of the population was 52 years. Some 80% were T1&T2 tumours in BCS whereas most patients in mastectomy group were T3&T4 tumours (60%). 45% were node negative in BCS group whilst it was 23% in the mastectomy group. Average NPI scores were 3.9 and 4.9, respectively. Most frequently reported histopathology report was infiltrating ductal carcinoma (87%), grade III being most common (58%), and 69% were ER positive tumours, and 30% were Her 2 Neu positive. Triple negative tumours accounted for 13% and their mean age was young (43 yrs.) The maximum acute skin toxicity at the end of treatment was Grade 1 in 94% of the mastectomy grouppatients and 71% in BCS patients. Grade 2 toxicity was 6% in mast group and 23% in BCS group. Grade 3 was 6% in BCS group, no grade 3 toxicity in mastectomy patients and there was no grade 4 skin toxicity in any case. Post RT at 1 month; 39% of BCS patients had persisting Grade I skin reaction which was only 2% in mastectomy patients. At 3 months post RT, 18% patients had persisting hyperpigmentation. At 6 months 8% patients had persisting erythema in the BCS group only. Some 3% BCS and 8% mastectomy patients had lymph edema till the date of evaluation. Cosmetic outcome in BCS patients remained good to excellent 6 months post surgery and radiotherapy. 1 patient of BCS and 3 patients of mast had developed metastatic disease at the time of evaluation. Conclusions: Hypofractionated RT is well tolerated in Indian population with reduced acute skin toxicity and good cosmetic outcome. Regimens such as these should be encouraged in other centers to increase machine output time. The study is on-going to assess long term results.

Flow boiling HFC245fa and heat transfer model for evaporation in Macro- channel

Nandi Sudheer,Donggyu Lee,Chaedong Kang 대한설비공학회 2017 대한설비공학회 학술발표대회논문집 Vol.2017 No.6

An experimental approach has been suggested to implement waste heat recovery for industrial and commercial facility. Waste heat is spotlighted newly by a low heat source at the heat pump cycle of high temperature heat pump (HTHP) system as one of industrial facilities in order to produce steam. In this study, experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of evaporation conditions on the refrigerant, HFC245fa in an evaporator for HTHP. With the HFC 245fa, the experimental device consists with a test section of conventional size channel which is circular copper rod drilled with 7.8mm diameter and 570mm length. In order to investigate the heat transfer under constant heat flux condition the vapor quality and heat transfer rate are calculated from the measured temperature and pressure at the test section. At results, the boiling pattern and supplied heat flux are influenced to the vapor quality in HFC 245fa flow.

Future of Organised Retailing in India - The Critical HR Issues

Nandi, Subrata Kumar KNU The Institute of Management Economy Research 2013 Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Vol.4 No.2

According to the Global Retail Development Index (GRDI) published by A.T. Kearney (2012), India is the $5^{th}$ most attractive retail destination in the world. The retail industry in India has been largely fragmented with small businesses dominating the retail landscape, with very few large players having multiple retail outlets. However, in the last few years, the industry has witnessed a significant growth in the number of large retailers having a chain of outlets across the country. This growth in the organised retail sector has driven primarily by large Indian retail organisations and conglomerates. With the government reducing the restrictions on foreign participation in Indian retail business by increasing the FDI cap on both single and multi-brand retail outlets, the industry is likely to see an explosive growth in the organised retail sector which accounts for only 8 percent of the total industry. With more foreign retailers poised to enter into the country, one of the key issues that the industry may face is finding the right quality of manpower. Literature suggests that in an industry which is characterised by players offering similar kinds of product assortments at similar price levels, success would be governed by the quality of service, which entails employees having the right skills and attitudes for offering quality service. Therefore, the two key issues that may be of importance for retailers are levels of skills and the motivation of the employees. However, according to the National Skill Development Corporation (NSDC, 2009), a significant skill gap exists in the industry, which may widen further in the years ahead, leading to greater challenges for organisations. This paper highlights some of the challenges and issues which characterise the industry in India, and suggests how companies could look at these challenges and seek ways to overcome these challenges.

Audit of Cancer Patients from Eastern Uttar Pradesh (UP), India: A University Hospital Based Two Year Retrospective Analysis

Nandi, Moujhuri,Mandal, Abhijit,Asthana, Anupam Kumar Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2013 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.14 No.9

Background: A retrospective analysis of all cancer patients attending the radiotherapy outpatient department (OPD) of a single unit during the period of January 2005 till December 2006 was conducted to know the geographical distribution and incidence of the most common cancers, their stage of presentation, treatment compliance among the patients and follow-up. Materials and Methods: A total of 4,484 patients were registered in the Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University during the period of January 2005-December 2006; of which 1,975 registered in an individual unit were included for the retrospective analysis. Results: Most of the patients hailed from the various districts of UP and Bihar. Females outnumbered males with a ratio of 1.33:1. Females mostly belonged to the age group of 40-59 years; whilst males were a decade older. Major cancer sites in females were cervix and breast followed by head and neck. Leading cancer sites in males were head and neck, brain, bone, soft tissue and lung. Most of the cases presented in advanced stage of disease (74%). Squamous cell carcinoma was the most common histopathology (56%). A significant proportion of patients defaulted after undergoing preliminary investigations (16%). Only 53.9% of females and 58.5% of males took treatment out of which 68% and 63% completed the prescribed treatment. Compliance with follow-up was poor. Conclusions: The outcome of this study will significantly help us to define region specific strategies needed for cancer management in eastern Uttar Pradesh.

Highly Uniform Atomic Layer-Deposited MoS₂@3D-Ni-Foam: A Novel Approach To Prepare an Electrode for Supercapacitors

Nandi, Dip K.,Sahoo, Sumanta,Sinha, Soumyadeep,Yeo, Seungmin,Kim, Hyungjun,Bulakhe, Ravindra N.,Heo, Jaeyeong,Shim, Jae-Jin,Kim, Soo-Hyun American Chemical Society 2017 ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES Vol.9 No.46

<P>This article takes an effort to establish the potential of atomic layer deposition (ALD) technique toward the field of supercapacitors by preparing molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) as its electrode. 'While molybdenum hexacarbonyl [Mo(CO)(6)] serves as a novel precursor toward the low temperature 'synthesis of ALD-grown MoS2, H2S plasma helps to deposit its polycrystalline phase at 200 degrees C. Several ex situ characterizations such as X-ray diffractometry (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and so forth are performed in detail to study the as-grown MoS2 film on a Si/SiO2 substrate. While stoichiometric MoS2 with very negligible amount of C and O impurities was evident from XPS, the XRD and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy analyses confirmed the (002)-oriented polycrystalline h-MoS2 phase of the as-grown film. A comparative study of ALD-grown MoS2 as a supercapacitor electrode on 2-dimensional stainless steel and on 3-dimensional (3D) Ni-foam substrates clearly reflects the advantage and the potential of ALD for growing a uniform and conformal electrode material on a 3D-scaffold layer. Cyclic voltammetry measurements showed both double-layer capacitance and capacitance contributed by the faradic reaction at the MoS2 electrode surface. The optimum number of ALD cycles was also found out for achieving maximum capacitance for such a MoS2@3D-Ni-foam electrode. A record high areal capacitance of 3400 mF/cm(2) was achieved for MoS2@3D-Ni-foam grown by 400 ALD cycles at a current density of 3 mA/cm(2). Moreover, the ALD-grown MoS2@3D-Ni-foam composite also retains high areal capacitance, even up to a high current density of 50 mA/cm(2). Finally, this directly grown MoS2 electrode on 3D-Ni-foam by ALD shows high cyclic stability (>80%) over 4500 charge discharge cycles which must invoke the research community to further explore the potential of ALD for such applications.</P>

Characterization and thermophysical properties of Zr_0.8Nd_0.2O_1.9-MgO composite

Nandi, Chiranjit,Kaity, Santu,Jain, Dheeraj,Grover, V.,Prakash, Amrit,Behere, P.G. Korean Nuclear Society 2021 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.53 No.2

The major drawback of zirconia-based materials, in view of their applications as targets for minor actinide transmutation, is their poor thermal conductivity. The addition of MgO, which has high thermal conductivity, to zirconia-based materials is expected to improve their thermal conductivity. On these grounds, the present study aims at phase characterization and thermophysical property evaluation of neodymium-substituted zirconia (Zr_0.8Nd_0.2O_1.9; using Nd₂O₃ as a surrogate for Am₂O₃) and its composites with MgO. The composite was prepared by a solid-state reaction of Zr_0.8Nd_0.2O_1.9 (synthesized by gel combustion) and commercial MgO powders at 1773 K. Phase characterization was carried out by X-ray diffraction and the microstructural investigation was performed using a scanning electron microscope equipped with energy dispersive spectroscopy. The linear thermal expansion coefficient of Zr_0.8Nd_0.2O_1.9 increases upon composite formation with MgO, which is attributed to a higher thermal expansivity of MgO. Similarly, specific heat also increases with the addition of MgO to Zr_0.8Nd_0.2O_1.9. Thermal conductivity was calculated from measured thermal diffusivity, temperature-dependent density and specific heat values. Thermal conductivity of Zr_0.8Nd_0.2O_1.9-MgO (50 wt%) composite is more than that of typical UO₂ fuel, supporting the potential of Zr_0.8Nd_0.2O_1.9-MgO composites as target materials for minor actinides transmutation.

A boiling Experiment on a saturated flow of R-245fa in a 7.8mm horizontal tube

Nandi Sudheer,Donggyu Lee,Chaedong Kang 대한설비공학회 2016 대한설비공학회 학술발표대회논문집 Vol.2016 No.6

Low temperature atomic layer deposited molybdenum nitride-Ni-foam composite: An electrode for efficient charge storage

Nandi, Dip K.,Sahoo, Sumanta,Kim, Tae Hyun,Cheon, Taehoon,Sinha, Soumyadeep,Rahul, Ramesh,Jang, Yujin,Bae, Jong-Seong,Heo, Jaeyeong,Shim, Jae-Jin,Kim, Soo-Hyun Elsevier 2018 Electrochemistry communications Vol.93 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Molybdenum nitride (MoN<SUB>x</SUB>) was directly grown on 3-dimensional Ni-foam (NF) at relatively low temperature of 250 °C by atomic layer deposition (ALD) and then tested as an electrode for charge storage. The successful formation of MoN<SUB>x</SUB>@NF composite was confirmed by several characterization techniques. The scanning and transmission electron microscopy analyses showed the extremely uniform and conformal coating of the MoN<SUB>x</SUB> on NF. The presence of NF influenced the redox-reactions in the composite and established the composite as a potential electrode for efficient charge-storage. High areal capacity (geometrical) of 130 mC/cm<SUP>2</SUP> was achieved at a current density of 2 mA/cm<SUP>2</SUP>. The excellent cyclic stability reflected the conducting nature of the composite.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Low temperature ALD-grown MoN<SUB>x</SUB> on 3D Ni-foam is tested as a charge-storage electrode. </LI> <LI> The uniform and conformal growth of MoN<SUB>x</SUB> on Ni-foam is confirmed. </LI> <LI> High areal capacity (130 mC/cm<SUP>2</SUP>) is achieved with >100% capacity retention. </LI> <LI> The robustness of the MoN<SUB>x</SUB>@Ni-foam composite is revealed by post-cycling analysis. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Logarithmic singularities and quantum oscillations in magnetically doped topological insulators

Nandi, D.,Sodemann, Inti,Shain, K.,Lee, G. H.,Huang, K.-F.,Chang, Cui-Zu,Ou, Yunbo,Lee, S. P.,Ward, J.,Moodera, J. S.,Kim, P.,Yacoby, A. American Physical Society 2018 Physical Review B Vol.97 No.8

<P>We report magnetotransport measurements on magnetically doped (Bi, Sb)(2)Te-3 films grown by molecular beam epitaxy. In Hall bar devices, we observe logarithmic dependence of transport coefficients in temperature and bias voltage which can be understood to arise from electron-electron interaction corrections to the conductivity and self-heating. Submicron scale devices exhibit intriguing quantum oscillations at high magnetic fields with dependence on bias voltage. The observed quantum oscillations can be attributed to bulk and surface transport.</P>