춘정 변계량의 삶의 자세와 학문의 목표-한시를 통해 본 여말선초 지식인의 학적 지향과 내면 행로-

김남이 ( Kim¸ Nam Yi ) 한서대학교 동양고전연구소 2021 동방학 Vol.- No.45

이 논문의 목표는 여말 선초의 격변기를 살았던 관료 문인으로서 춘정 변계량의 면모를 보다 종합적이고 입체적으로 파악하는 것이다. 이를 위해 설정한 주요 논제는 두 가지이다. 첫째, 『춘정집』에 부쳐진 서발문자를 자료로 하여 춘정의 학문과 문학을 당대 및 후대에 어떻게 평가했는지 살피는 것이다. 둘째, 춘정 생애의 중요한 국면과 그때 쓰여진 작품들을 연계하여 내적 행로를 추적하는 것이다. 이를 통해 몇 개의 필기 잡록을 중심으로 조선시대 내내 재생산되었던 춘정에 대한 편향된 평가의 실체를 재검토하고, 그의 상(像)을 다시 재구하는 계기를 만들고자 하였다. Ⅱ장에서는 『춘정집』의 서발문을 자료로 춘정에 대한 평가를 살폈다. 춘정의 학문 계보는 정몽주-이숭인-권근으로 표명되는데, 특히 『대학』 『중용』이 강조되었다. 이는 양촌-춘정 사이에 계승된 학맥의 실체를 보여준다. Ⅲ장에서는 춘정의 한시 중 연대를 추적할 수 있는 작품들을 중심으로 그의 내면 행로와 가치관을 분석하였다. 고려-조선의 역사적 변혁에서 춘정은 대의와 애민이라는 유교적 명분을 자신의 행로를 결정하는 가치로 삼으면서 유학자로서 실천적 면모를 보여주었다. 관료로서의 생활은 자기 내면의 지향과 현실의 차이로 인한 갈등이 뚜렷했다. 그러나 이 또한 철저한 학적 자세를 견지한 반본(返本)과 경세의 강한 의지로 해소되었다. 이로써 우리는 여말 선초 역사의 갈림길에서, 자기 내면과 현실의 갈등 속에서 유학적 가치를 근간으로 현실과 분투했던 한 지식인의 내면 행로를 다소나마 이해할 수 있다. The purpose of this paper is to identify the character of Chunjeong, who was a literature bureaucrat who lived in a tremulous time of history during the end of the Goryeon Dynasty and start of the Joseon Dynasty, in a more comprehensive and dimensional manner. There are two main subjects for this. The first is to examine how Chunjeong’s academics and literature were evaluated using the prologues and epilogues attached to the Chungjeongjip(春亭集). The second is on tracking the internal journeys by linking the major incidents of Chunjeong’s life and the works that he wrote during those times. Through this, the biased evaluations on Chunjeong that were reproduced throughout the Joseon Dynasty focusing on his free-flowing essays and pamphlets were reviewed in order to create an opportunity to reorganize his image. In Chapter II, evaluations on Chunjeong were made using the prologue and epilogue of Chunjeongjip and various records. The academic pedigree of Chunjeong is best represented by Jung Mong-joo, Lee Seung-in and Kwon Geun, and they especially emphasized daxue(大學) and zhongyong(中庸). This is related to the academic features of Kwon Geun writing the Iphakdoseol to help beginning scholars study daxue and zhongyong, and therefore, it clearly shows the academic pedigree relations. Chapter III analyzed his inner journeys and values focusing on works that could track the timeline among the Hansi(漢詩) of Chunjeong. During the historical revolution of changing from Goryeo to Joseon, Chunjeong set the Confucian ideals of great cause and sympathy for the common people as the value that would determine his actions, and taught by example as a Confucian scholar. He also expressed his life as a Joseon person and Joseon bureaucrat that began through a Hansi(漢詩), and the conflicts he experienced due to the differences of his inner inclinations and reality became clear. But this was also accepted as his will to achieve his hopes to use fundamental values as the basis for all actions and thoughts, and to awaken the public.

Hystericized Hysteria: Deleuze’s Hysteria

Namyi KIM 한국비평이론학회 2016 한국비평이론학회 학술대회 발표집 Vol.2016 No.봄

Inferring Water and Carbon Exchanges from Leaf Carbon Isotope Composition of Quercus serrata and Carpinus laxiflora Grown in a Forest with a Complex Landscape in Korea

Namyi Chae,Dongho Lee,Jong-Hwan Lim,Jinkyu Hong,Sinkyu Kang 한국기상학회 2009 Asia-Pacific Journal of Atmospheric Sciences Vol.45 No.2

Using leaf carbon isotope monitoring as an indicator, carbon and water exchanges and their inter-dependencies were examined in the Gwangneung forest on a complex landscape in Korea. Leaf carbon isotope compositions (δ <SUP>13</SUP>C) were measured for two dominant tree species, Quercus serrata and Carpinus laxiflora, from 2003 to 2005. Leafδ <SUP>13</SUP>C exhibited a consistent decrease in 2004 compared to that of 2003 and 2005 regardless of its species and growth heights. The decrease inδ <SUP>13</SUP>C (and therefore the increase of the ratio between intercellular and ambient CO₂, Ci/Ca) was assumed to be the consequence of reduced productivity of the year, which was supported by complementary leaf nitrogen, biometric,micrometeorological and satellite-basedmeasurements. The estimation ofwater use efficiency (WUE) fromleaf carbon isotope composition was hampered mostly by the uncertainties in vapor pressure deficit of the air, the temperature difference between the air and leaf surface during photosynthesis, and the turnover rate of photosynthates in the leaves.

Measurement of environmental parameters in polar regions based on a ubiquitous sensor network

Chae, Namyi,Yang, Heekwon,Lee, Bang Yong,Lee, Chankil Elsevier 2016 Cold Regions Science and Technology Vol.123 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>To estimate the spatial variation of soil CO<SUB>2</SUB> flux in a permafrost region, major environmental parameters were measured and analyzed using the proposed ubiquitous sensor network-based remote monitoring system (U-RMS). The use of techniques for power-efficient operation and network scalability that enable long-term use of a wireless sensor network (WSN) that can be deployed reliably and widely is described. The temporal and spatial variations in air temperature (Ta) and relative humidity (RH) near the surface at 16 locations and soil temperature (Ts) and soil water content (SWC) at 10 locations were measured to monitor the active permafrost layer in Alaska from September 2012 to January 2013 and from July to September 2013. The temporal variations in environmental parameters in the soil and near the surface depended on the thawing and freezing of the snow cover in the permafrost regions. The spatial patterns of Ts in the three periods were not similar because of the heterogeneous distribution of snow coverage and depth in winter. On the other hand, the spatial patterns of Ts and SWC had a negative relationship during summer. The spatial variations in Ts and SWC showed a high coefficient of variation (CV) that ranged from 20% to 40%, while the CV of Ta and RH was within 5% except in winter due to the spatially heterogeneous snow cover. The relationship between CO<SUB>2</SUB> efflux and Ts or SWC in 2012, which had a high CV, was examined to estimate the soil CO<SUB>2</SUB> efflux in 2013. The Ts explained ~60% (soil CO<SUB>2</SUB> efflux=0.066×exp<SUP>0.1443×Ts</SUP>, R<SUP>2</SUP> 0.59) of the variation in soil CO<SUB>2</SUB> efflux in a temperature range of 3 to 8°C. Therefore, the soil CO<SUB>2</SUB> efflux in 2013 was estimated in the range of 0.08mgm<SUP>−2</SUP> s<SUP>−1</SUP> to 0.47mgm<SUP>−2</SUP> s<SUP>−1</SUP>, and average CV was 25%. Using the camera sensor, the growth of vegetation and the operating appearance of the remote WSN were also monitored. In the long term, measurement of temporal and spatial variations in environmental parameters, based on U-RMS, is expected to contribute to the understanding of the carbon and water cycles in permafrost.</P>

The influence of dietary sodium content on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of fimasartan

Gu, Namyi,Cho, Joo-Youn,Shin, Kwang-Hee,Jang, In-Jin,Rhee, Moo-Yong Dove Medical Press 2016 Drug design, development and therapy Vol.10 No.-

<P>A low sodium diet enhances the hemodynamic effect of renin–angiotensin system blockers. It was suggested that the substrates of P-glycoprotein or cytochrome P450 3A4 were reduced on a high sodium diet. This study aimed to investigate the influence of high sodium diet on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of fimasartan, which is a substrate of cytochrome P450 3A4 but not P-glycoprotein. The study design was a two-diet, two-period, two-sequence, randomized, open-label, and crossover with 1-week washout for diet. Eligible subjects were fed with either low sodium (50 mEq/day) diet or high sodium diet (300 mEq/day) for 7 days in the first hospitalization period and the other diet in the second period. On the seventh morning of each period, subjects received a single dose of fimasartan 60 mg in a fasted state. The serial plasma concentrations of fimasartan, serum aldosterone concentration (SAC), and plasma renin activity (PRA) were measured for pharmacokinetic–pharmacodynamic analysis. Sixteen subjects completed the study satisfying the compliance test for diets. Although the mean systemic exposure of fimasartan is slightly (≈10%) decreased on a high sodium diet, the difference was not statistically or clinically significant (<I>P</I>>0.05). The SAC and PRA after fimasartan administration were highly dependent on their baseline levels. The dietary sodium content influenced the baseline of SAC and PRA, but did not influence the ratio change of SAC and PRA after fimasartan treatment. The ratio change of SAC after fimasartan treatment was correlated to the systemic exposure of fimasartan (<I>P</I><0.05), while the correlation between the ratio change of PRA after fimasartan treatment and the individual systemic exposure of fimasartan was not significant (<I>P</I>>0.05). In conclusion, the pharmacokinetics of fimasartan and ratio changes of SAC and PRA after fimasartan treatment were not significantly influenced by dietary sodium content.</P>

The ABCflux database: Arctic-boreal CO₂ flux observations and ancillary information aggregated to monthly time steps across terrestrial ecosystems

Chae, Namyi,Park, Sang-Jong 극지연구소 2023 극지연구소 초록집 Vol.- No.-

The ABCflux database: Arctic-boreal CO₂ flux observations and ancillary information aggregated to monthly time steps across terrestrial ecosystems

Chae, Namyi,Park, Sang-Jong 극지연구소 2023 극지연구소 초록집 Vol.- No.-

탈코르셋: 담론의 전쟁터인 여성의 몸

김남이(Kim. Namyi) 도서출판여이연 2019 여성이론 Vol. No.

행위기능장애로서의 예술영화 : 토르벤 그로달의 PECMA 플로우를 중심으로

김남이 ( Kim Namyi ) 한국미학회 2020 美學 Vol.86 No.3

이 글은 영화이론에 신경학적 방법론을 적극적으로 도입하고 있는 토르벤 그로달의 PECMA 플로우 이론을 소개하고 그가 분석하고 있는 예술영화에 대한 주관의 경험을 어떠한 신경학적 근거로 주장하고 있는지 확인한다. 그럼으로써 신경학적 결과를 바탕으로 구성한 그의 이론이 영화이론과 나아가 철학적 미학 일반에 미치는 영향과 질문들을 고찰한다. 최근의 신경과학적 결과물을 토대로 새로운 미학을 주장하는 신경미학의 부상은 기존의 철학적 미학과 어떻게 만나고 상호작용할 수 있을지에 대해 다시금 성찰하게 한다. 이 글은 신경미학이 생물학에 국한한 것이 아니라 진화론, 인지과학, 심리학 등의 학제적 성격을 가지고 있어서 철학적 미학과 양립가능하지 않을 이유가 없다고 본다. 토르벤 그로달의 신경학적 영화이론 또한 사회학, 문화학, 미학, 철학 등의 영역에 있던 영화를 과학적으로 조명하여 기존의 영화이론을 수정하거나 재구성할 것을 제안하고 있다. 그러나 그의 이론은 과학적 접근법에서 예상할 수 있듯 환원주의적 성격을 보인다. 그럼에도 불구하고 이 글은 그의 방법론을 우려의 시선으로 보기보다 그의 이론이 가진 유용성을 확인하고 기존의 영화이론과 나아가 철학적 미학에 기여할 수 있는 바를 탐색하고자 한다. 이를 위해 우선 그의 영화이론의 중심에 있는 PECMA 이론이 어떤 신경학적 근거로 구성되었는지 살펴본다. 그리고 이 이론이 설명하는 이른바 ‘예술영화’의 특징들을 고찰한다. 마지막으로 그의 설명이 기존의 영화이론이 행해 온 예술영화에 대한 설명과 양립가능한 지, 혹은 수정해야 한다면 어떤 방식으로 가능할지 타진해본다. This essay examines PECMA flow that Torben Grodal has theorized with results based on neurologic experimentations, and how he elucidates the subjective experience of art films with it. Also, it investigates the impacts and questions on film theories and aesthetics in general, which his theory may create. Insisting on the time of new aesthetics established on recent researches, the emergence of neuroaesthetics lets us rethink how this would encounter and interact with the philosophical aesthetics. I see neuroaesthetics as compatible with the existing aesthetics because of its interdisciplinary approach with evolutionary theory, cognitive science, psychology, and so on. His neurological film theory also suggests the revision or the reformation in film studies, shedding light on neurology and biology. Considering its scientific methodology, we may find his PECMA flow theory reductionist to a certain extent. Nevertheless, I suggest that we should not simply dismiss the theory but look into how useful it is and what its contribution would be for the philosophical aesthetics as well as film theories. For this purpose, I show how PECMA flow theory works in film viewing and scrutinize his analysis of 'art films' by means of this theory. And I figure out whether or not his theory is compatible with the existing theories and in what manner we do if it requires the revisions.

히스테리화된 히스테리: 들뢰즈의 히스테리

김남이 ( Kim¸ Namyi ) 서양근대철학회 2017 근대철학 Vol.9 No.-

들뢰즈는 『감각의 논리』에서 예술을 통해 이루어지는 감각의 생성 및 그것의 논리를 보여주고 있다. 『감각의 논리』에서 들뢰즈는 이러한 감각을 베이컨의 회화가 탁월하게 보여주고 있다고 주장한다. 들뢰즈에 따르면 감각이란 몸의 “파동과 몸에 작용하는 힘들의 만남”, 다시 말해 기관 없는 몸과 외부의 힘들 간의 만남이라고 할 수 있다. 베이컨의 회화가 이 감각을 탁월하게 보여주고 있다는 것은 그의 회화가 저 힘들을 포획하는 데에 성공적이었음을 의미한다. 그리고 들뢰즈는 이러한 회화의 본질을 히스테리와 동일시한다. 그러나 히스테리와 회화의 본질을 동일시하는 들뢰즈에게 더욱 중요한 것은, 그 둘의 단순한 외양적 닮음을 넘어서서, 그 둘 모두가 보이지 않는 힘들이 육체에 가하는 작용을 보여준다는 점일 것이다. 그런데 이러한 관점은, 오늘날의 히스테리에 관한 설명과는 들어맞지 않는다. 그렇다면 들뢰즈가 ‘히스테리’를 통해서 회화를 설명하는 것이 오늘날 어떤 의미가 있는가하는 문제가 제기될 수 있다. 필자는 들뢰즈가 몸의 현존과 감각에 대한 설명에서 히스테리를 끌어들인 이유로 다음을 들 수 있다고 생각한다: 들뢰즈는 정신분석학이 왜곡한 ‘심인성’ 질병으로서의 히스테리에 몸의 차원을 되돌려 주고 있다. 그럼으로써 정신분석학에 대한 비판을 행하고, 몸의 물질적이고 감각적인 차원을 열어놓는 일을 수행하는 것이다. 그러나 들뢰즈의 히스테리는 들뢰즈만의 완전히 새로운 히스테리가 아니다. 오히려 들뢰즈의 히스테리는 본래 히스테리가 갖고 있었던, 그리고 정신분석학이 간과했던, 히스테리의 물질적이고 육체적인 측면으로의 회귀를 보여주고 있다고 할 수 있다. 따라서 본 글은 정신 분석학에서 다뤄지는 히스테리뿐만 아니라 오래전부터 제기된 본래적 히스테리의 ‘쓰임새’를 추적함으로써, 들뢰즈의 히스테리가 어떤 면에서 오늘날의 히스테리와 관련할 수 있는지를 더욱 잘 확인할 것이다. 그리고 이를 통해 들뢰즈의 히스테리는 결국 정신분석의 신경증적 히스테리를 다시 히스테리화 하고 히스테리에 물질과 감각의 차원을 돌려주었음을 보일 것이다. 나아가 이와 같이 히스테리를 이해할 때 들뢰즈가 말하는 회화의 미학적/감각적 임상진단의 의미를 밝힐 수 있음을 주장할 것이다. In The Logic of Sensation, Deleuze shows the becoming of sensation and its logic caused through arts. Here lies that this logic is, although irrational, ‘logical.’ This logic is a specific logic only of sensation and presents itself wherever the sensation comes about. In The Logic of Sensation, Deleuze argues that Bacon’s paintings eminently show this sensation. The sensation in his term is “produced when the [corporeal] wave encounters the forces acting on the body”, that is, the encounter between “the body without organs” and forces outside. The fact that Bacon’s paintings proves this sensation implies his success in his capturing these forces. With this, Deleuze suggests: “With painting, hysteria becomes art. Or rather, with the painter, hysteria becomes painting. What the hysteric is incapable of doing - a little art - is accomplished in painting.” What does Deleuze insist by showing how Bacon’s paintings, or rather the essence of paintings are related in hysteria? Does he just compare the Figures in Bacon’s painting to the bodies which is twisted, distorted, epileptically convulsing and in state of attack, of hysteria? Although this may be true, it is more essential, identifying the essence of art to hysteria, that both visualize the invisible forces exerted upon bodies. However, considering the recent explanation of hysteria in psychiatric and psychoanalytic perspective, this seems beyond understanding, for hysteria is dominantly regarded not as physical disease but as psychogenic (yet of course there are a few exceptions in terms of psychiatry). Furthermore, contemporary hysteria shows different symptoms from the above. At the dawn of psychoanalysis when Charcot had introduced scientific treatment for hysteria, he had observed that hysteria’s major symptoms were the series of spastics and paralytics, hyperesthetics, anesthetics and grand attack as Deleuze mentioned.(50) But now these symptoms are hardly found. For this reason, many studies ask where all that hysteria has disappeared. If so, we can also ask what his argument for paintings with hysteria implies. Here I argue the reason for his introduction of hysteria into sensation and Bacon’s painting. First, he return the corporeal dimension to hysteria as psychogenic distorted by psychoanalysis. Thereby he criticize the psychoanalytic-clinical hysteria, opening sensitive and material level of body. Second, he reveals the aesthetic-clinic common in hysteria and aesthetics.