AVHRR Remote Sensing of Aerosol Microphysics in Global Scale

Higurashi, Akiko,Nakajima, Teruyuki 대한원격탐사학회 1996 International Symposium on Remote Sensing Vol.12 No.1

Satellite remote sensing of microphysical parameters of atmospheric aerosols starts drawing attention of climate community after findings of large global climate effects of aerosols (Charlson et al., 1992) and ship track trail clouds (Coakley et al., 1987). In this situation, there has been considerable effort for developing adequate remote sensing techniques of related aerosol parameters (e.g., Kaufman and Nakajima, 1993; Nakajima and Higurashi, 1996). In this paper, we study a design of retrieval scheme of microphysical parameters of aerosols from multichannel satellite imagers, such as NOAA/AVHRR, ADEOS/ OCTS and ADEOSII/GLI. In this scheme, the optical thickness and effective particle radius of aerosol can be inverted accura~ely from multi-channel analyses of radiances by an efficient look-up table algorithm (Higurashi and Nakajima, 1996; Nakajima et al., 1996) and an iterative inversion algorithm. We have applied our scheme to AVHRR radiance data to produce global map of aerosol microphysical parameters.

A Nationwide Study on Optical Analysis for Expecting HEOs to Support Ambulances

Nakajima, Isao,Tsuda, Kazuhide,Juzoji, Hiroshi,Ta, Masuhisa,Nakajima, Atsushi Korea Multimedia Society 2019 The journal of multimedia information system Vol.6 No.2

This paper deals with actual optical data from rural as well as urban areas in a nationwide study captured with Fisheye cameras. Simultaneously data was collected (of the receiving power density) from the mobile communications satellite N-STAR. The visibility of the satellite is easily determined by checking the value of the pixels in the binarized fisheye image of its position. The process of determining the visible satellite is automatically performed. Based on the analyses of the field data measured in Japan, we are expecting HEOs (Highly inclined Elliptical Orbiters) that would reduce blockage in the extreme northern region of Wakkanai City well as in the most crowded urban area, in Tokyo Ginza. In case of HEOs operation, the elevation angle will improve from 37 with N-STAR GEO to 75 degrees. HEOs could replace 5G/Ka-band or support in rural areas where broadband circuit is not available. We are proposing combination operations with HEOs and 5G/Ka-band to solve blockage problems, because HEOs can keep line-of-sight propagation with high elevation angle for long duration. In such operations, the communications profile on the vehicle based on actual optical data will be very useful to predict blockages and to select/switch a suitable circuit.

Looking Back over a Decade "Final Decision Call after the Accidents of the Fukushima Nuclear Power Plant"

Nakajima, Isao,Kurokawa, Kiyoshi Korea Multimedia Society 2020 The journal of multimedia information system Vol.7 No.2

The author Nakajima was involved in the field of disaster communications and emergency medical care as guest research scientist at the Fukushima Nuclear Accident Independent Investigation Commission established by the National Diet of Japan and reviewer of the Commission's report, and Kurokawa was the chairman of this Commission. Looking back over a decade, we are on the liability issue of bureaucrats and telecom operators, so it's becoming clear what was hidden at the time. The battery of NTT DoCoMo's mobile phone repeaters had a capacity of only about 24 hours, and communication failures increased after one day. The Government also failed to issue an announcement of "Vent from reactor" under the Telecommunications Act Article No. 129. This mistake lost the opportunity to use the third-party telecommunications (e.g. taxi radios). Furthermore, as a result of LASCOM (telecommunications satellite network for local governments via GEO) and a variety of unexpected communication failures, the evacuation order "Escape!" could not be notified to the general public well. As a result, the general public was exposed to unnecessary radiation exposure. Such bureaucratic slow action in emergencies is common in the response to the 2020 coronavirus.

Detecting of Periodic Fasciculations of Avian Muscles Using Magnetic and Other Multimedia Devices

Isao Nakajima,Sachie Tanaka,Kokuryo Mitsuhashi,Jun-ichi Hata,Tomo Nakajima 한국멀티미디어학회 2019 The journal of multimedia information system Vol.6 No.4

In the past, there was a theory that influenza wasn’t transmitted directly from birds but was infected to humans via swains. Recently, molecular level research has progressed, and it was confirmed that the avian influenza virus can directly infected to human lung and intestinal epithelial cells. Three pandemics in the past 100 years were also infected to humans directly from birds. In view of such scientific background, we are developing a method for screening sick birds by monitoring the physiological characteristics of birds in a contactless manner with sensors. Here, the movement of respiratory muscles and abdominal muscles under autonomic innervation was monitored using a magnet and Hall sensor sewn on the thoracic wall, and other multimedia devices. This paper presents and discusses the results of experiments involving continuous periodic noise discovered during flight experiments with a data logger mounted on a Japanese pheasant from 2012 to 2015. A brief summary is given as the below: 1. Magnet and Hall sensor sewn to the left and right chest walls, bipolar electrocardiograms between the thoracic walls, posterior thoracic air sac pressure, angular velocity sensors sewn on the back and hips, and optical reflection of LEDs (blue and green) from the skin of the hips allow observation of periodic vibrations(fasciculations) in the waves. No such analysis has been reported before. 2. These fasciculations are presumed to be derived from muscle to maintain and control air sac pressure. 3. Since each muscle fiber is spatially Gaussian distributed from the sympathetic nerve, the envelope is assumed to plot a Gaussian curve. 4. Since avian trunk muscles contract periodically at all time, we assume that the sympathetic nerve dominates in their control. 5. The technique of sewing a magnet to the thoracic wall and measuring the strength of the magnetic field with a Hall sensor can be applied to screen for early stage of avian influenza, with a sensor attached to the chicken enclosure.

Developing a Scanner for Assessing Foliage Moisture

Nakajima, Isao,Ohyama, Futoshi,Juzoji, Hiroshi,Ta, Masuhisa Korea Multimedia Society 2019 The journal of multimedia information system Vol.6 No.3

We intended to confirm that microwave attenuation by tree leaves is strongly linked to water content in leaves. We sampled natural broadleaves, including Japanese cinnamon, and investigated their effects on the microwave (3 to 20 GHz) frequency characteristics using a network analyzer. Experiments determined that microwave attenuation by foliage increases as a linear function of frequency per unit weight (gram). As the frequency increases, the spatial resolution increases, but the phase difference (imaginary component) increases. So we solved the dispersion of phase difference by sweeping the frequency and taking the intermediate value. Based on these experimental results, we developed a microwave scanner on 10Ghz to describe foliage moisture as a image and to enable assessments of leaf condition. Photosynthesis is the process whereby plants synthesize oxygen and sugars from carbon dioxide and water, thereby converting light energy into chemical energy. Since water is a major parameter of photosynthesis, the quantity of water accumulated inside a leaf reflects leaf health. The equipment described here and related microwave technologies will help assess the capacity of leaves to absorb atmospheric carbon dioxide.

Performance of an Onboard Processor for Mobile Satellite Communications Using Engineering Test Satellite VIII

Nakajima, Katsuji,Yoshimoto, Shigetoshi,Kawakami, Yoichi,Hashimoto, Yukio,Takeda, Osamu,Tuchihashi, Yasue,Uno, Seiichi 통신위성우주산업연구회 2000 Joint Conference on Satellite Communications Vol.2000 No.-

An Onboard Processor (OBP) that can perform base-band circuit switching has been designed for in-orbit mobile satellite communications experiments using Japanese Engineering Test Satellite VIII (ETS-VIII). The Onboard Processor can exchange both 5.6 kbps voice and 32 kbps data using the MC-TDMA access method and can provide about 1,000 channels with digital signal processing techniques.

Molecular Motor KIF5A Is Essential for GABA_A Receptor Transport, and KIF5A Deletion Causes Epilepsy

Nakajima, K.,Yin, X.,Takei, Y.,Seog, D.H.,Homma, N.,Hirokawa, N. Cell Press 2012 Neuron Vol.76 No.5

KIF5 (also known as kinesin-1) family members, consisting of KIF5A, KIF5B, and KIF5C, are microtubule-dependent molecular motors that are important for neuronal function. Among the KIF5s, KIF5A is neuron specific and highly expressed in the central nervous system. However, the specific roles of KIF5A remain unknown. Here, we established conditional Kif5a-knockout mice in which KIF5A protein expression was postnatally suppressed in neurons. Epileptic phenotypes were observed by electroencephalogram abnormalities in knockout mice because of impaired GABA<SUB>A</SUB> receptor (GABA<SUB>A</SUB>R)-mediated synaptic transmission. We also identified reduced cell surface expression of GABA<SUB>A</SUB>R in knockout neurons. Importantly, we identified that KIF5A specifically interacted with GABA<SUB>A</SUB>R-associated protein (GABARAP) that is known to be involved in GABA<SUB>A</SUB>R trafficking. KIF5A regulated neuronal surface expression of GABA<SUB>A</SUB>Rs via an interaction with GABARAP. These results provide an insight into the molecular mechanisms of KIF5A, which regulate inhibitory neural transmission.

Identification of a Novel Restriction Enzyme from Helicobacter Pylori that Recognizes and Clevages 5'-GATC-3' 3'-CTAG-5'

Nakajima, Kazuhiko,Morita, Tsuyoshi,Koizuka, Hiromasa,Shimoyama, Takashi,Tamura, Toshihide The Korea Society for Microbiology 2000 大韓微生物學會誌 Vol.35 No.5

Quantum SUSY algebra of <i>Q</i>-lumps in the massive Grassmannian sigma model

Nakajima, Hiroaki,Oh, Phillial,Shin, Sunyoung The Institute of Physics 2009 JOURNAL OF PHYSICS A-MATHEMATICAL AND THEORETICAL Vol.42 No.12

<P>We compute the <img SRC='http://ej.iop.org/images/1751-8121/42/12/125401/jpa296117ieqn1.gif' ALIGN='MIDDLE' ALT='\mathcal{N}=2 '/> SUSY algebra of the massive Grassmannian sigma model in (2+1) dimensions. We first rederive the action of the model by using Scherk–Schwarz dimensional reduction from <img SRC='http://ej.iop.org/images/1751-8121/42/12/125401/jpa296117ieqn2.gif' ALIGN='MIDDLE' ALT='\mathcal{N}=1 '/> theory in (3+1) dimensions. Then, we perform canonical quantization by using the Dirac method. We find that a particular choice of the operator ordering yields the quantum SUSY algebra of <I>Q</I>-lumps with central extension.</P>

DEEP INFRARED SURVEYS OF STAR FORMING REGIONS IN THE MWG AND LMC

NAKAJIMA YASUSHI The Korean Astronomical Society 2005 Journal of The Korean Astronomical Society Vol.38 No.2

On behalf of the IRSF/SIRIUS group, I introduce some recent results from our deep near-infrared surveys (J, Hand Ks bands, limiting magnitude of Ks=17) toward star forming regions in the Milky Way Galaxy (MWG) and Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) with the near-infrared camera SIRIUS. We discovered a rich population of low-mass young stellar objects associated with the W3 and NGC 7538 regions in the MWG based on the near-infrared colors arid magnitudes. The high sensitivity of our survey enables us to detect intermediate-mass pre-main sequence stars, i.e. HAEBE stars, even in the LMC. We detected many HAEBE candidate stars in the N159/N160 complex star forming region in the LMC with the IRSF 1.4-m telescope. Spatial distributions of the young stellar objects indicate the sequential cluster formation in each star forming region in the complex and large scale (a few ${\times}$ 100 pc) sequential cluster formation over the entire complex.