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Photooxidation of alcohols by a porphyrin/quinone/TEMPO system
Nagasawa, Takayuki,Allakhverdiev, Suleyman I.,Kimura, Yoshifumi,Nagata, Toshi Korean Society of Photoscience 2009 Photochemical & photobiological sciences Vol.8 No.2
Photooxidation of alcohols to the corresponding aldehydes with a porphyrin/quinone/TEMPO (TEMPO = 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-piperidinyloxy free radical) system is described. This photoreaction is a combination of a photoinduced electron transfer from the porphyrin to the quinone and a TEMPO-catalyzed oxidation of alcohols triggered by one electron oxidation. The rates of oxidation were in the order of benzylic $\approx$ allylic > primary $\gg$ secondary, which is consistent with the intermediacy of the oxoammonium cation derived from TEMPO. Examination of the initial rates suggested that the reaction proceeded via the triplet excited state of the zinc porphyrin. The dependence of initial rates on the oxidation potentials of the porphyrin showed a characteristic bell shape, which is caused by two competitive factors, the efficiency of photoinduced electron transfer and the equilibrium of electron exchange between the porphyrin cation radical and TEMPO. The potential significance of this reaction in photosynthetic model chemistry is briefly discussed.
EFFECTS OF CHRONIC INGESTION OF ANTHRANILIC ACID ON LACTATION IN MICE
Nagasawa, H.,Suzuki, M.,Sakagami, N.,Inatomi, H.,Yamamoto, K. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 1989 Animal Bioscience Vol.2 No.1
Treatment of mice with 0.04% anthranilic acid (AnA) as drinking water resulted in an apparent stimulation of pup's growth and food intake of mothers in their first lactations associated with an increased rearing rate and no alteration in plasma prolactin level. AnA showed no significant effects on the day of vaginal opening, the pattern of estrous cycles, plasma growth hormone level and endocrine organ weights of the female and male offspring. The growth of male offspring was significantly retarded by AnA, however, their reproductivity was quite normal. The results indicate the AnA can simulate lactation of mice through little modulation of endocrine systems.
Genetic Algorithm-Based Coordinated Replenishment in Multi-Item Inventory Control
Nagasawa, Keisuke,Irohara, Takashi,Matoba, Yosuke,Liu, Shuling Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers 2013 Industrial Engineeering & Management Systems Vol.12 No.3
We herein consider a stochastic multi-item inventory management problem in which a warehouse sells multiple items with stochastic demand and periodic replenishment from a supplier. Inventory management requires the timing and amounts of orders to be determined. For inventory replenishment, trucks of finite capacity are available. Most inventory management models consider either a single item or assume that multiple items are ordered independently, and whether there is sufficient space in trucks. The order cost is commonly calculated based on the number of carriers and the usage fees of carriers. In this situation, we can reduce future shipments by supplementing items to an order, even if the item is not scheduled to be ordered. On the other hand, we can reduce the average number of items in storage by reducing the order volume and at the risk of running out of stock. The primary variables of interest in the present research are the average number of items in storage, the stock-out volume, and the number of carriers used. We formulate this problem as a multi-objective optimization problem. In a numerical experiment based on actual shipment data, we consider the item shipping characteristics and simulate the warehouse replenishing items coordinately. The results of the simulation indicate that applying a conventional ordering policy individually will not provide effective inventory management.
Nagasawa, Keisuke,Irohara, Takashi,Matoba, Yosuke,Liu, Shuling Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers 2012 Industrial Engineeering & Management Systems Vol.11 No.2
It is difficult to find an appropriate ordering policy for a many types of items. One of the reasons for this difficulty is that each item has a different demand trend. We will classify items by shipment trend and then decide the ordering policy for each item category. In this study, we indicate that categorizing items from their statistical characteristics leads to an ordering policy suitable for that category. We analyze the ordering policy and shipment trend and propose a new method for selecting the ordering policy which is based on finding the strongest relation between the classification of the items and the ordering policy. In our numerical experiment, from actual shipment data of about 5,000 items over the past year, we calculated many statistics that represent the trend of each item. Next, we applied the canonical correlation analysis between the evaluations of ordering policies and the various statistics. Furthermore, we applied the cluster analysis on the statistics concerning the performance of ordering policies. Finally, we separate items into several categories and show that the appropriate ordering policies are different for each category.
Nagasawa, H.,Suzuki, M.,Inatomi, H.,Hibino, A.,Yamamuro, Y.,Sensui, N. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 1991 Animal Bioscience Vol.4 No.1
As a possible step to evaluate in the mammary gland the role of motherwort (Leonurus sibiricus L), a representative medicinal plant used traditionally for the therapy of gynecologic diseases, the effects of the agent on lactation which was suppressed by preganacy-dependent mammary tumors (PDMT) were studied in GR/A mice. Beginning the day of placing with males at 45-50 days of age, female mice were given 60% methanol-extract of the aerial part of motherwort as drinking water at the concentration of 0.5% throughout the experiment. Mice developing PDMT during pregnancy [PDMT(+)] and given motherwort were similar to mice developing no PDMT [PDMT(_)] with or without motherwort treatment and were significantly higher than PDMT(+) mice given tap water in litter growth and mammary RNA/DMA ratio on day 12 of the 2nd lactation. Mammary DNA and RNA contents were also elevated by motherwort in PDMT(+) mice. The results suggest that motherwort can ameliorate lactation suppressed by PDMT through its stimulation of both growth and function of the mammary glands.
Applying Genetic Algorithm for Can-Order Policies in the Joint Replenishment Problem
Nagasawa, Keisuke,Irohara, Takashi,Matoba, Yosuke,Liu, Shuling Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers 2015 Industrial Engineeering & Management Systems Vol.14 No.1
In this paper, we consider multi-item inventory management. When managing a multi-item inventory, we coordinate replenishment orders of items supplied by the same supplier. The associated problem is called the joint replenishment problem (JRP). One often-used approach to the JRP is to apply a can-order policy. Under a can-order policy, some items are re-ordered when their inventory level drops to or below their re-order level, and any other item with an inventory level at or below its can-order level can be included in this order. In the present paper, we propose a method for finding the optimal parameter of a can-order policy, the can-order level, for each item in a lost-sales model. The main objectives in our model are minimizing the number of ordering, inventory, and shortage (i.e., lost-sales) respectively, compared with the conventional JRP, in which the objective is to minimize total cost. In order to solve this multi-objective optimization problem, we apply a genetic algorithm. In a numerical experiment using actual shipment data, we simulate the proposed model and compare the results with those of other methods.
EFFECTS OF CHRONIC INGESTION OF ANTHRANILIC ACID ON MAMMARY GLAND GROWTH IN SHN MICE
Nagasawa, H.,Konishi, R.,Sakagami, N.,Inatomi, H. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 1988 Animal Bioscience Vol.1 No.3
Effects of anthranilic acid on normal mammary gland growth were examined in SHN/Mei female virgin mice. Anthranilic acid was given to the experimental groups as drinking water at the concentrations of 0.01, 0.02 or 0.04% for 21 days beginning 2-3 months of age. The control group received tap water only. RNA content and RNA/DNA ratio in mammary glands were significantly higher in mice given 0.04% anthranilic acid than in the control, while not mammary DNA content. The results indicate that chronic ingestion of anthranilic acid can induce an enhancement of proliferation and differentiation of mammary cells.
Oral Administration of Phosphorylated Dextran Regulates Immune Response in Ovalbumin-Immunized Mice
Nagasawa, Chiho,Nishimura-Uemura, Junko,Tohno, Masanori,Shimosato, Takeshi,Kawai, Yasushi,Ikegami, Shuji,Oda, Munehiro,Saito, Tadao,Kitazawa, Haruki Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2010 Animal Bioscience Vol.23 No.1
Phosphorylated dextran (P-Dex) is an acidic polysaccharide that functions as an immune adjuvant. P-Dex is known to regulate immune response by maintaining a balance between Th1 and Th2 cells in vitro, and thus may also be important in the control of allergic reactions. In the current study, we report the optimum conditions required for the efficient phosphorylation of dextran without toxicity. We found that when dextran was heated at 160${^{\circ}C}$ for 24 h in phosphate buffer (pH 5.0), the resulting P-Dex demonstrated the highest phosphorus content (6.8%). We also report that P-Dex enhances mitogenic activity in mouse splenocytes and induces expression of CD69 and CD86 on the surface of B cells and dendritic cells (DC) in vitro. Oral administration of P-Dex to ovalubmin (OVA)-immunized mice was found to reduce antigen-induced cell proliferation and suppress the expression of CD86 on Th2-inducing DC via exogenous OVA stimulation. P-Dex was also found to increase IL-10 expression in the splenocytes of treated mice. These findings suggest that oral administration of P-Dex increases immunological tolerance and improves the specificity of immunological response to specific antigens.