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Nagaraju, G.,Raju, G. S.,Ko, Y.,Yu, J. Royal Society of Chemistry 2016 Nanoscale Vol.8 No.2
<P>Hierarchical three-dimensional (3D) porous nanonetworks of nickel-cobalt layered double hydroxide (Ni-Co LDH) nanosheets (NSs) are grown and decorated on flexible conductive textile substrate (CTs) via a simple two-electrode system based electrochemical deposition (ED) method. By applying a proper external cathodic voltage of -1.2 V for 15 min, the Ni-Co LDH NSs are densely deposited over the entire surface of the CTs with good adhesion. The flexible Ni-Co LDH NSs on CTs (Ni-Co LDH NSs/CTs) architecture with high porosity facilitates enhanced electrochemical performance in 1 M KOH electrolyte solution. The effect of growth concentration and external cathodic voltage on the electrochemical properties of Ni-Co LDH NSs/CTs is also investigated. The Ni10Co5 LDH NSs/CTs electrode exhibits a high specific capacitance of 2105 F g(-1) at a current density of 2 A g(-1) as well as an excellent cyclic stability as a pseudocapacitive electrode due to the advantageous properties of 3D interconnected porous frameworks of Ni10Co5 LDH NSs/CTs. This facile fabrication of bimetallic hydroxide nanostructures on CTs can provide a promising electrode for low-cost energy storage device applications.</P>
Nagaraju, Chandu,V. V. Muralee Gopi, Chandu,Ahn, Jin-Woo,Kim, Hee-Je The Royal Society of Chemistry 2018 NEW JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY Vol.42 No.15
<P>Nanoparticle-featured MoS2 and WS2 have been synthesized using a facile one-step hydrothermal approach and their application as electroactive materials for high-performance supercapacitors has been investigated. The electrochemical results of the MoS2 electrode exhibit a higher specific capacitance (<I>C</I>s) of 1531.2 F g<SUP>−1</SUP> at 5 mA cm<SUP>−2</SUP> with good cycling stability (up to 81.6% retention over 3000 cycles). The WS2 electrode delivers a high <I>C</I>s of 1439.5 F g<SUP>−1</SUP> at 5 mA cm<SUP>−2</SUP> and excellent cycling stability with 77.4% retention after 3000 cycles. The outstanding performance of the MoS2 and WS2 electrodes indicates their potential in next-generation high-performance supercapacitor applications.</P>
Nagaraju, Goli,Cha, Sung Min,Sekhar, S. Chandra,Yu, Jae Su Wiley Blackwell (John Wiley Sons) 2017 Advanced energy materials Vol.7 No.4
<P>Highly flexible and conductive fabric (CF)-supported cauliflower-like nickel selenide nanostructures (Ni3Se2 NSs) are facilely synthesized by a singlestep chronoamperometry voltage-assisted electrochemical deposition (ECD) method and used as a positive electrode in supercapacitors (SCs). The CF substrate composed of multi-layered metallic films on the surface of polyester fibers enables to provide high electrical conductivity as a working electrode in ECD process. Owing to good electrical conductivity, high porosity and intertwined fibrous framework of CF, cauliflower-like Ni3Se2 NSs are densely integrated onto the entire surface of CF (Ni3Se2 NSs@CF) substrate with reliable adhesion by applying a chronoamperometry voltage of -1.0 V for 240 s. The electrochemical performance of the synthesized cauliflower-like Ni3Se2 NSs@CF electrode exhibits a maximum specific capacity (CSC) of 119.6 mA h g(-1) at a discharge current density of 2 A g(-1) in aqueous 1 m KOH electrolyte solution. Remarkably, the specific capacity of the same electrode is greatly enhanced by introducing a small quantity of redox-additive electrolyte into the aqueous KOH solution, indicating the CSC approximate to 251.82 mA h g(-1) at 2 A g(-1) with good capacity retention. Furthermore, the assembled textile-based asymmetric SCs achieve remarkable electrochemical performance such as higher energy and power densities, which are able to light up different colored lightemitting diodes.</P>
Nagaraju, Goli,Lim, Joo Ho,Cha, Sung Min,Yu, Jae Su Elsevier 2017 JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS Vol.693 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Honeycomb-like activated porous carbon (HPC) powder with meso/macropore structures was successfully prepared via chemical activation and pyrolysis processes under inert gas atmosphere. Herein, the naturally available pine cone flowers with abundant carbon contents were employed as a biomass to synthesize the HPC sample. The structure and morphology of the HPC powder were characterized by various physicochemical techniques. Moreover, the as-prepared HPC sample was uniformly coated on fluorine doped tin oxide glass using a smooth brush and used as a cost-effective counter electrode (CE) in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). Under AM1.5G illumination, the fabricated DSSCs with HPC-based CE exhibited a high short-circuit current density (J<SUB>SC</SUB>) of 13.51 mA/cm<SUP>2</SUP> and an excellent power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 4.98%, which is attributed to the high specific surface area and hierarchical porous property of the HPC sample. The obtained results were improved compared to the commercially available activated carbon-based CE in DSSCs (J<SUB>SC</SUB> = 12.11 mA/cm<SUP>2</SUP> and PCE = 4.45%). This facile fabrication of highly porous activated carbon-based materials from the biomass can be utilized as a high-performance electrode material in DSSCs and energy storage device applications.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Highly porous activated carbon was prepared from pine cone flowers as a biomass source. </LI> <LI> The as-prepared sample was coated on FTO glass for counter electrode in DSSCs. </LI> <LI> The Pt-free counter electrode in DSSCs exhibited excellent solar energy conversion properties. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>
Nagaraju, Goli,Chandra Sekhar, S.,Krishna Bharat, L.,Yu, Jae Su American Chemical Society 2017 ACS NANO Vol.11 No.11
<P>We report a flexible battery-type electrode based on binder-free nickel cobalt layered double hydroxide nanosheets adhered to nickel cobalt layered double hydroxide nanoflake arrays on nickel fabric (NC LDH NFAs@NSs/Ni fabric) using facile and eco-friendly synthesis methods. Herein, we utilized discarded polyester fabric as a cost-effective substrate for <I>in situ</I> electroless deposition of Ni, which exhibited good flexibility, light weight, and high conductivity. Subsequently, the vertically aligned NC LDH NFAs were grown on Ni fabric by means of a hot-air oven-based method, and fluffy-like NC LDH NS branches are further decorated on NC LDH NFAs by a simple electrochemical deposition method. The as-prepared core–shell-like nanoarchitectures improve the specific surface area and electrochemical activity, which provides the ideal pathways for electrolyte diffusion and charge transportation. When the electrochemical performance was tested in 1 M KOH aqueous solution, the core–shell-like NC LDH NFAs@NSs/Ni fabric electrode liberated a maximum areal capacity of 536.96 μAh/cm<SUP>2</SUP> at a current density of 2 mA/cm<SUP>2</SUP> and excellent rate capability of 78.3% at 30 mA/cm<SUP>2</SUP> (420.5 μAh/cm<SUP>2</SUP>) with a good cycling stability. Moreover, a fabric-based hybrid supercapacitor (SC) was assembled, which achieves a stable operational potential window of 1.6 V, a large areal capacitance of 1147.23 mF/cm<SUP>2</SUP> at 3 mA/cm<SUP>2</SUP>, and a high energy density of 0.392 mWh/cm<SUP>2</SUP> at a power density of 2.353 mW/cm<SUP>2</SUP>. Utilizing such high energy storage abilities and flexible properties, the fabricated hybrid SC operated the wearable digital watch and electric motor fan for real-time applications.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/ancac3/2017/ancac3.2017.11.issue-11/acsnano.7b04368/production/images/medium/nn-2017-043688_0009.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/nn7b04368'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>
Facile synthesis of ZnO/CuO nanostructures on cellulose paper and their p-n junction properties
Nagaraju, G.,Hwan Ko, Y.,Su Yu, J. North-Holland 2014 Materials letters Vol.116 No.-
A cellulose paper based p-n junction device was fabricated by synthesizing the ZnO/CuO nanostructures via a hydrothermal process. The CuO nanospindles (NSs) were decorated on the surface of cellulose paper substrate by a simple soaking process. Subsequently, ZnO nanorod arrays were grown on the surface of the CuO NSs decorated cellulose paper (i.e., CuO NSs/paper) by the hydrothermal process. The synthesized ZnO/CuO nanostructures on cellulose paper exhibited good crystal and optical properties and favorably formed the p-n heterojunction with a rectifying behavior.
Nagaraju, Goli,Ko, Yeong Hwan,Yu, Jae Su Elsevier 2015 Journal of Power Sources Vol.283 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Tricobalt tetroxide (Co<SUB>3</SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB>) nanoplate arrays (NPAs) were synthesized on flexible conductive fabric substrate (FCFs) by a facile two-electrode system based electrochemical deposition method, followed by a simple heat treatment process. Initially, cobalt hydroxide (Co(OH)<SUB>2</SUB>) NPAs were electrochemically deposited on FCFs by applying an external voltage of −1.5 V for 30 min. Then, the Co<SUB>3</SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB> NPAs on FCFs was obtained by thermal treatment of as-deposited Co(OH)<SUB>2</SUB> NPAs on FCFs at 200 °C for 2 h. From the analysis of morphological and crystal properties, the Co<SUB>3</SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB> NPAs were well integrated and uniformly covered over the entire surface of substrate with good crystallinity in the cubic phase. Additionally, the fabricated sample was directly used as a binder-free electrode to examine the feasibility for electrochemical supercapacitors using cyclic voltammetry and galvanic charge–discharge measurements in 1 M KOH electrolyte solution. The Co<SUB>3</SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB> NPAs coated FCFs electrode exhibited a maximum specific capacitance of 145.6 F/g at a current density of 1 A/g and an excellent rate capability after 1000 cycles at a current density of 3 A/g. This facile fabrication method for integrating the Co<SUB>3</SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB> nanostructures on FCFs could be a promising approach for advanced flexible electronic and energy-storage device applications.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Co<SUB>3</SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB> nanoplate arrays (NPAs) were fabricated on flexible conductive fabric substrate (FCFs). </LI> <LI> The Co<SUB>3</SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB> NPAs were uniformly entrapped on FCFs with good adhesion. </LI> <LI> Optimized growth of Co<SUB>3</SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB> NPAs on FCFs leads to a superior electrochemical performance in supercacpitors. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>
Facile Fabrication and Characterization of In<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> Nanorods on Carbon Fibers
Nagaraju, Goli,Ko, Yeong Hwan,Yu, Jae Su The Korean Vacuum Society 2014 Applied Science and Convergence Technology Vol.23 No.4
Indium oxide ($In_2O_3$) nanorods (NRs) which can be expected to increase the device performance in various electronic and electrochemical applications were prepared on carbon fibers via an electrochemical deposition (ED) method. During the ED, the indium hydroxide ($In(OH)_3$) NRs were well grown and firmly attached onto the carbon fibers. After that, they were changed into $In_2O_3$ by dehydration through a thermal annealing. The morphological and structural properties were investigated using field-emission scanning electron microscope images. The crystallinity of as-prepared sample was evaluated by X-ray diffraction. The Fourier transform infrared results confirm that the functional groups are present in the $In_2O_3$ NRs. This facile process of metal oxide nanostructures on carbon fiber can be utilized for flexible electronic and energy related applications.