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        Separation of tetrahydrofuran using RSM optimized accelerator-sulfur-filler of rubber membranes: Systematic optimization and comprehensive mechanistic study

        Mrinmoy Karmakar,Manas Mahapatra,Nayan Ranjan Singha 한국화학공학회 2017 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.34 No.5

        Response surface methodology (RSM) optimized, semi efficiently vulcanized (SEV) and filled organophilic composite natural rubber (NR) membranes of varying physichochemical interactions were reported for sorption-diffusion- permeation based separation of tetrahydrofuran (THF) from binary aqueous mixtures. RSM was used to obtain optimum accelerator/sulfur (A/S) ratio required for crosslinking of nine membranes to find excellent balance of mechanical properties. These membranes were characterized by FESEM, AFM, EDX, XRD, DTG, TGA, DSC and FTIR. Vulcanized products formed from several crosslinking precursors of NR via radical and/or ionic paths were incorporated to impart an unambiguous reaction mechanism. RSM was also used to obtain optimum conditions (temperature/ concentration/filler) for total flux (TF) and separation factor (SF). Membrane intrinsic properties, like partial permeabilities (PPs), selectivities and diffusion coefficients (DCs) were also studied. NRSEV12 membrane showed excellent balance of TF (24.01±0.7 g m−2 h−1) and SF (118.8±4.16) at 0.97 wt% of THF in feed and 35 oC.

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        Fabrication of composite membranes for pervaporation of tetrahydrofuran-water: Optimization of intrinsic property by response surface methodology and studies on vulcanization mechanism by density functional theory

        Manas Mahapatra,Mrinmoy Karmakar,Arnab Dutta,Nayan Ranjan Singha 한국화학공학회 2018 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.35 No.9

        Response surface methodology (RSM) optimized accelerator-to-sulfur (A/S) ratio was used to synthesize semi efficiently vulcanized styrene butadiene rubber (SBRSEV0) membrane possessing optimum balance between tensile strength (TS) and elongation at break (EAB). In addition, composite membranes, such as SBRSEV8, SBRSEV12 and SBRSEV24, were fabricated via incorporating 8, 12 and 24 wt% carbon black filler (CBF), respectively. The changes in physicochemical properties, as a result of crosslinking and CBF loading, were determined by analyzing CP MAS 13CNMR, FTIR, TGA, DSC, XRD, FESEM-EDX and crosslink densities. Several bi-/poly-sulfidic products, formed by crosslinking precursors of SBR in accelerated sulfur vulcanization, were examined to ascertain the unambiguous reaction mechanism. In this regard, an extensive density functional theory (DFT) based optimization was conducted to apprehend the relative variation in stabilities of several mono-/poly-crosslinked configurations by measuring dipole moments and ground state energies. Moreover, intrinsic membrane properties, such as partial permeabilities and diffusion coefficients, were measured at varying conditions. RSM was employed to optimize membrane efficiency resulting from individual and/or interactive effects of input variables. For the first time, systematic three-stage RSM based optimization (i.e., TS/EAB, total flux (TF)/separation factor (SF) and partial permeabilities) was used to ensure excellent balance between TS/EAB (5.78MPa/499.008% at 2.32 and 3.29 wt% of A and S, respectively), minimum TF/maximum SF (36.90 g m-2 h-1/202.46 at 35 oC, 0.97 wt% tetrahydrofuran (THF) and 24 wt% CBF) and minimum/maximum partial permeabilities of water/THF (2.94×10-8/4.64×10-8 Barrer at 35 oC, 0.97 wt% THF and 11.49 wt% CBF).

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