Expected Years of Life Lost Due to Adult Cancer Mortality in Yazd (2004-2010)

Mirzaei, Mohsen,Mirzadeh, Mahboobahsadat,Mirzaei, Mojtaba Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2016 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.17 No.no.sup3

The number of deaths is often measured to monitor the population health status and priority of health problems. However, number of years of life lost (YLL) is a more appropriate indicator in some cases. We have calculated the YLL of adult cancers and its trend over the past few years in Yazd to provide planners with baseline data. Data obtained from death registration system were used to calculate the YLL, based on each individual's age at death, and the standardized expected YLL method was applied with a discount rate of 0.03, an age weight of 0.04, and a correction factor of 0.165. All data were analyzed and prepared in Epi6 and Excel 2007. A total of 3,850 death records were analyzed. Some 550 patients in Yazd province aged ${\geq}20$ die annually due to cancer (male: female ratio 1.3). The average ages at death in lung, CNS, breast cancer and leukemia cases were 68.5, 59, 58.7 and 61, respectively. The age group of 40-59 with 21 % had the highest cancer mortality percentage. Premature cancer deaths have caused 40,753 YLL (5,823 YLL annually). Females lose on average more life years to cancer than do men (11.6 vs 9.8 years). Lung cancer (12.1%), CNS tumors (11.7%) and leukemia (11.4 %) were the leading causes terms of YLL due to all cancers in both sexes. From 2004 to 2010, cancer-caused YLL as a fraction of all YLL increased from 12.8 to 15.2 %. This study can help in the assessment of health care needs and prioritization. Cancer is the major cause of deaths and the trend is increasing. The use of YLLs is a better index for measurement of premature mortality for ranking of diseases than is death counts. Longer periods of observation will make these trends more robust and will help to evaluate and develop, better public health interventions.

Converting the Conducting Behavior of Graphene Oxides from n-Type to p-Type via Electron-Beam Irradiation

Mirzaei, Ali,Kwon, Yong Jung,Wu, Ping,Kim, Sang Sub,Kim, Hyoun Woo American Chemical Society 2018 ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES Vol.10 No.8

<P>We studied the effects of electron-beam irradiation (EBI) on the structural and gas-sensing properties of graphene oxide (GO). To understand the effects of EBI on the structure and gas-sensing behavior of irradiated GO, the treated GO was compared with nonirradiated GO. Characterization results indicated an enhancement in the number of oxygen functional groups that occurs with EBI exposure at 100 kGy and then decreases with doses in the range of 100-500 kGy. Data from Raman spectra indicated that EBI could generate defects, and NO2-sensing results at room temperature showed a decreased NO2 response after exposure to EBI at 100 kGy; further increasing the dose to 500 kGy resulted in p-type semiconducting conductivity. The conversion of GO from n-type to p-type via EBI is explained not only through the generation of holes but also the variation in the amount of residual functional groups, including carboxyl (COOH) and hydroxyl groups (C-OH). The obtained results suggest that EBI can be a useful tool to convert GO into a diverse range of sensing devices.</P>

CHARACTERIZATION OF PRIME SUBMODULES OF A FREE MODULE OF FINITE RANK OVER A VALUATION DOMAIN

Mirzaei, Fatemeh,Nekooei, Reza Korean Mathematical Society 2017 대한수학회지 Vol.54 No.1

Let $F=R^{(n)}$ be a free R-module of finite rank $n{\geq}2$. In this paper, we characterize the prime submodules of F with at most n generators when R is a $Pr{\ddot{u}}fer$ domain. We also introduce the notion of prime matrix and we show that when R is a valuation domain, every finitely generated prime submodule of F with at least n generators is the row space of a prime matrix.

Surprising synthesis of nanodiamond from single-walled carbon nanotubes by the spark plasma sintering process

Mirzaei, A.,Ham, H.,Na, H. G.,Kwon, Y. J.,Kang, S. Y.,Choi, M. S.,Bang, J. H.,Park, N. H.,Kang, I.,Kim, H. W. Springer Science + Business Media 2016 ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LETTERS Vol.12 No.6

<P>Nanodiamond (ND) was successfully synthesized using single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) as a pure solid carbon source by means of a spark plasma sintering process. Raman spectra and X-ray diffraction patterns revealed the generation of the cubic diamond phase by means of the SPS process. Lattice-resolved TEM images confirmed that diamond nanoparticles with a diameter of about similar to 10 nm existed in the products. The NDs were generated mainly through the gas-phase nucleation of carbon atoms evaporated from the SWCNTs.</P>

Multidisciplinary optimization of collapsible cylindrical energy absorbers under axial impact load

Mirzaei, M.,Akbarshahi, H.,Shakeri, M.,Sadighi, M. Techno-Press 2012 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.44 No.3

In this article, the multi-objective optimization of cylindrical aluminum tubes under axial impact load is presented. The specific absorbed energy and the maximum crushing force are considered as objective functions. The geometric dimensions of tubes including diameter, length and thickness are chosen as design variables. D/t and L/D ratios are constricted in the range of which collapsing of tubes occurs in concertina or diamond mode. The Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm-II is applied to obtain the Pareto optimal solutions. A back-propagation neural network is constructed as the surrogate model to formulate the mapping between the design variables and the objective functions. The finite element software ABAQUS/Explicit is used to generate the training and test sets for the artificial neural networks. To validate the results of finite element model, several impact tests are carried out using drop hammer testing machine.

Fabrication and gas sensing properties of vertically aligned Si nanowires

Mirzaei, Ali,Kang, Sung Yong,Choi, Sun-Woo,Kwon, Yong Jung,Choi, Myung Sik,Bang, Jae Hoon,Kim, Sang Sub,Kim, Hyoun Woo Elsevier 2018 APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE - Vol.427 No.2

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>In this study, a peculiar configuration for a gas sensor consisting of vertically aligned silicon nanowires (VA-Si NWs) synthesized by metal-assisted chemical etching (MACE) is reported. Si NWs were prepared via a facile MACE method and subsequent thermal annealing. Etching was performed by generation of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) and subsequent etching in HF/H<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB> aqueous solution; the growth conditions were optimized by changing the process parameters. Highly vertically oriented arrays of Si NWs with a straight-line morphology were obtained, and a top–top electrode configuration was applied. The VA-Si NW gas sensor showed good sensing performance, and the VA-Si NWs exhibited a remarkable response (<I>R</I> <SUB>g</SUB>/<I>R</I> <SUB>a</SUB> =11.5∼17.1) to H<SUB>2</SUB> gas (10–50ppm) at 100°C which was the optimal working temperature. The formation mechanism and gas sensing mechanism of VA-Si NWs are described. The obtained results can suggest new approaches to making inexpensive, versatile, and portable sensors based on Si NWs having a novel top–top electrode structure that are fully compatible with well-developed Si technologies.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Novel configuration for a gas sensor consisting of vertically aligned silicon nanowires synthesized by metal-assisted chemical etching. </LI> <LI> Highly vertically oriented arrays of Si NWs with a straight-line morphology were obtained. </LI> <LI> Vertically aligned silicon nanowires exhibited a remarkable response (<I>R</I> <SUB>g</SUB>/<I>R</I> <SUB>a</SUB> =11.5∼17.1) to H<SUB>2</SUB> gas (10–50ppm) at the optimum working temperature (100°C). </LI> </UL> </P>

Optimal design of homogeneous earth dams by particle swarm optimization incorporating support vector machine approach

Mirzaei, Zeinab,Akbarpour, Abolfazl,Khatibinia, Mohsen,Siuki, Abbas Khashei Techno-Press 2015 Geomechanics & engineering Vol.9 No.6

The main aim of this study is to introduce optimal design of homogeneous earth dams with oblique and horizontal drains based on particle swarm optimization (PSO) incorporating weighted least squares support vector machine (WLS-SVM). To achieve this purpose, the upstream and downstream slopes of earth dam, the length of oblique and horizontal drains and angle among the drains are considered as the design variables in the optimization problem of homogeneous earth dams. Furthermore, the seepage through dam body and the weight of dam as objective functions are minimized in the optimization process simultaneously. In the optimization procedure, the stability coefficient of the upstream and downstream slopes and the seepage through dam body as the hydraulic responses of homogeneous earth dam are required. Hence, the hydraulic responses are predicted using WLS-SVM approach. The optimal results of illustrative examples demonstrate the efficiency and computational advantages of PSO with WLS-SVM in the optimal design of homogeneous earth dams with drains.

How shell thickness can affect the gas sensing properties of nanostructured materials: Survey of literature

Mirzaei, Ali,Kim, Jae-Hun,Kim, Hyoun Woo,Kim, Sang Sub Elsevier Sequoia 2018 Sensors and actuators. B Chemical Vol.258 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>High-performance gas sensors are needed to improve safety in daily life. Even though the gas sensing performance of new nanostructured metal oxides has improved significantly, some aspects of these novel nanomaterials have not been fully explored. Core-shell (C-S) and hollow shell nanostructures are two types of advanced materials for gas sensing applications. Their popularity is mainly due to the synergetic effects of the core and shell in C-S nanostructures, the high surface areas of both C-S and hollow nanostructures, and the possibility of tuning the shell thickness within the range of the Debye length for such nanostructures. In addition to the type of sensing material, morphology, sensing temperature, and porosity, shell thickness is one of the most important design parameters. Unfortunately, less attention has been paid to the effect of shell thickness on the gas sensing properties. Herein, we demonstrate that the thickness has an undeniable role in the gas sensing response of the resulting material. In this review, we present the first overview of this aspect of sensing materials. By referring to related works, we show how shell thickness can affect the sensing properties of both C-S and hollow nanostructures. Researchers in this field will be able to fabricate more sensitive gas sensors for real applications by better understanding the effect of shell thickness on the gas sensing properties of C-S and hollow nanostructured materials.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Applications of core-shell nanostructures in gas sensors are discussed. </LI> <LI> Mechanisms of gas sensing in core-shell nanostructures are discussed. </LI> <LI> Effect of shell thickness is comprehensively discussed. </LI> </UL> </P>

Hydrogen sensing properties and mechanism of NiO-Nb₂O₅ composite nanoparticle-based electrical gas sensors

Mirzaei, Ali,Sun, Gun-Joo,Lee, Jae Kyung,Lee, Chongmu,Choi, Seungbok,Kim, Hyoun Woo Elsevier 2017 Ceramics international Vol.43 No.6

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>A simple hydrothermal method was used to prepare NiO-Nb<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>5</SUB> composite nanoparticle electrical sensors for the detection of hydrogen (H<SUB>2</SUB>) at room temperature. To investigate the morphology and crystal structure of the synthesized powders, the synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. The NiO-Nb<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>5</SUB> composite nanoparticle sensor showed stronger and faster response to H<SUB>2</SUB> than the pristine Nb<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>5</SUB> one at room temperature. Only weak responses were observed to carbon monoxide, methane and ethanol, indicating that the NiO-Nb<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>5</SUB> composite nanoparticle sensor could be a potential candidate as a practical gas detector. In this study, the H<SUB>2</SUB> sensing properties and mechanism of NiO-Nb<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>5</SUB> composite nanoparticle-based electrical gas sensors are discussed in detail.</P>

Effects of Prepartum Dietary Carbohydrate Source on Metabolism and Performance of Primiparous Holstein Cows during the Periparturient Period

Mirzaei Alamouti, H.R.,Amanlou, H.,Rezayazdi, K.,Towhidi, A. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2009 Animal Bioscience Vol.22 No.11

Forty-six Holstein heifers were used in a completely randomized design and assigned to 1 of 2 treatments to evaluate the effects of 2 diets varying in ruminal fermentable carbohydrate sources, namely ground corn (GC) and rolled wheat (RW), on metabolism and performance of primiparous cows in the periparturient period. The heifers were fed diets as a total mixed ration (TMR) with similar energy and crude protein content including i) 18.57% GC, or ii) 18.57% RW from -24.13${\pm}$7.73 d relative to expected calving until calving. After calving, all animals received the same lactation diet until 28 d. Animals were group fed from the beginning of the study to -7 d relative to expected calving, fed individually from d -7 to 7 days in milk (DIM), and again group fed to 28 DIM. The pre-partum diets affected (p<0.05) dry matter intake (DMI), energy intake, energy balance (EB) and urinary pH during the last week pre-partum. There was no effect of pre-partum carbohydrate source on overall plasma concentration of glucose, nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA), $\beta$-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA), albumin, triglyceride (TG), cholesterol, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), insulin, and cortisol during the periparturient period. Cows fed the RW diet during the pre-partum period had greater calcium for the first week (p<0.05) and during 28 d (p = 0.08) of lactation compared with heifers fed the GC diet. Primiparous cows fed the RW diet produced greater milk protein content and yield (p<0.05). Primiparous cows fed the RW diet had lower milk urea nitrogen (MUN) and somatic cell count (SCC) than cows fed the GC diet (p<0.05). The results of this study show that feeding pre-partum diets with a rapidly fermentable source of starch but low energy content can improve animal metabolism and performance and smooth the transition of primiparous Holstein cows from gestation to lactation.