Expected Years of Life Lost Due to Adult Cancer Mortality in Yazd (2004-2010)

Mirzaei, Mohsen,Mirzadeh, Mahboobahsadat,Mirzaei, Mojtaba Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2016 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.17 No.no.sup3

The number of deaths is often measured to monitor the population health status and priority of health problems. However, number of years of life lost (YLL) is a more appropriate indicator in some cases. We have calculated the YLL of adult cancers and its trend over the past few years in Yazd to provide planners with baseline data. Data obtained from death registration system were used to calculate the YLL, based on each individual's age at death, and the standardized expected YLL method was applied with a discount rate of 0.03, an age weight of 0.04, and a correction factor of 0.165. All data were analyzed and prepared in Epi6 and Excel 2007. A total of 3,850 death records were analyzed. Some 550 patients in Yazd province aged ${\geq}20$ die annually due to cancer (male: female ratio 1.3). The average ages at death in lung, CNS, breast cancer and leukemia cases were 68.5, 59, 58.7 and 61, respectively. The age group of 40-59 with 21 % had the highest cancer mortality percentage. Premature cancer deaths have caused 40,753 YLL (5,823 YLL annually). Females lose on average more life years to cancer than do men (11.6 vs 9.8 years). Lung cancer (12.1%), CNS tumors (11.7%) and leukemia (11.4 %) were the leading causes terms of YLL due to all cancers in both sexes. From 2004 to 2010, cancer-caused YLL as a fraction of all YLL increased from 12.8 to 15.2 %. This study can help in the assessment of health care needs and prioritization. Cancer is the major cause of deaths and the trend is increasing. The use of YLLs is a better index for measurement of premature mortality for ranking of diseases than is death counts. Longer periods of observation will make these trends more robust and will help to evaluate and develop, better public health interventions.

A comparative study of the Gini coefficient estimators based on the regression approach

Mirzaei, Shahryar,Borzadaran, Gholam Reza Mohtashami,Amini, Mohammad,Jabbari, Hadi The Korean Statistical Society 2017 Communications for statistical applications and me Vol.24 No.4

Resampling approaches were the first techniques employed to compute a variance for the Gini coefficient; however, many authors have shown that an analysis of the Gini coefficient and its corresponding variance can be obtained from a regression model. Despite the simplicity of the regression approach method to compute a standard error for the Gini coefficient, the use of the proposed regression model has been challenging in economics. Therefore in this paper, we focus on a comparative study among the regression approach and resampling techniques. The regression method is shown to overestimate the standard error of the Gini index. The simulations show that the Gini estimator based on the modified regression model is also consistent and asymptotically normal with less divergence from normal distribution than other resampling techniques.

Hydrogen sensing properties and mechanism of NiO-Nb₂O₅ composite nanoparticle-based electrical gas sensors

Mirzaei, Ali,Sun, Gun-Joo,Lee, Jae Kyung,Lee, Chongmu,Choi, Seungbok,Kim, Hyoun Woo Elsevier 2017 Ceramics international Vol.43 No.6

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>A simple hydrothermal method was used to prepare NiO-Nb<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>5</SUB> composite nanoparticle electrical sensors for the detection of hydrogen (H<SUB>2</SUB>) at room temperature. To investigate the morphology and crystal structure of the synthesized powders, the synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. The NiO-Nb<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>5</SUB> composite nanoparticle sensor showed stronger and faster response to H<SUB>2</SUB> than the pristine Nb<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>5</SUB> one at room temperature. Only weak responses were observed to carbon monoxide, methane and ethanol, indicating that the NiO-Nb<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>5</SUB> composite nanoparticle sensor could be a potential candidate as a practical gas detector. In this study, the H<SUB>2</SUB> sensing properties and mechanism of NiO-Nb<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>5</SUB> composite nanoparticle-based electrical gas sensors are discussed in detail.</P>

ZnO-capped nanorod gas sensors

Mirzaei, A.,Park, S.,Kheel, H.,Sun, G.J.,Lee, S.,Lee, C. Ceramurgica ; Elsevier Science Ltd 2016 Ceramics international Vol.42 No.5

This paper reports on the synthesis of pristine α-Fe<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> nanorods and Fe<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB>-ZnO core-shell nanorods using a combination of thermal oxidation and atomic layer deposition (ALD) techniques; the completed nanorods were then used for ethanol sensing studies. The crystal structure and morphology of the synthesized nanostructures were examined by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The sensing properties of the pristine and core-shell nanorods for gas-phase ethanol were examined using different concentrations of ethanol (5-200ppm) at different temperatures (150-250<SUP>o</SUP>C). The XRD and SEM revealed the excellent crystallinity of the Fe<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB>-ZnO core-shell nanorods, as well as their uniformity in terms of shape and size. The Fe<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB>-ZnO core-shell nanorod sensor showed a stronger response to ethanol than the pristine Fe<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> nanorod sensor. The response (i.e., the relative change in electrical resistance R<SUB>a</SUB>/R<SUB>g</SUB>) of the core-shell nanorod sensor was 22.75 for 100ppm ethanol at 200<SUP>o</SUP>C whereas that of the pristine nanorod sensor was only 3.85 under the same conditions. Furthermore, under these conditions, the response time of the Fe<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB>-ZnO core-shell nanorods was 15.96s, which was shorter than that of the pristine nanorod sensor (22.73s). The core-shell nanorod sensor showed excellent selectivity to ethanol over other VOC gases. The improved sensing response characteristics of the Fe<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB>-ZnO core-shell nanorod sensor were attributed to modulation of the conduction channel width and the potential barrier height at the Fe<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB>-ZnO interface accompanying the adsorption and desorption of ethanol gas as well as to preferential adsorption and diffusion of oxygen and ethanol molecules at the Fe<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB>-ZnO interface.

A Fully Soft Switched Two Quadrant Bidirectional Soft Switching Converter for Ultra Capacitor Interface Circuits

Mirzaei, Amin,Farzanehfard, Hosein,Adib, Ehsan,Jusoh, Awang,Salam, Zainal The Korean Institute of Power Electronics 2011 JOURNAL OF POWER ELECTRONICS Vol.11 No.1

This paper describes a two quadrant bidirectional soft switching converter for ultra capacitor interface circuits. The total efficiency of the energy storage system in terms of size and cost can be increased by a combination of batteries and ultra capacitors. The required system energy is provided by a battery, while an ultra capacitor is used at high load power pulses. The ultra capacitor voltage changes during charge and discharge modes, therefore an interface circuit is required between the ultra capacitor and the battery. This interface circuit must have good efficiency while providing bidirectional power conversion to capture energy from regenerative braking, downhill driving and the protecting ultra capacitor from immediate discharge. In this paper a fully soft switched two quadrant bidirectional soft switching converter for ultra capacitor interface circuits is introduced and the elements of the converter are reduced considerably. In this paper, zero voltage transient (ZVT) and zero current transient (ZCT) techniques are applied to increase efficiency. The proposed converter acts as a ZCT Buck to charge the ultra capacitor. On the other hand, it acts as a ZVT Boost to discharge the ultra capacitor. A laboratory prototype converter is designed and realized for hybrid vehicle applications. The experimental results presented confirm the theoretical and simulation results.

CHARACTERIZATION OF PRIME SUBMODULES OF A FREE MODULE OF FINITE RANK OVER A VALUATION DOMAIN

Mirzaei, Fatemeh,Nekooei, Reza Korean Mathematical Society 2017 대한수학회지 Vol.54 No.1

Let $F=R^{(n)}$ be a free R-module of finite rank $n{\geq}2$. In this paper, we characterize the prime submodules of F with at most n generators when R is a $Pr{\ddot{u}}fer$ domain. We also introduce the notion of prime matrix and we show that when R is a valuation domain, every finitely generated prime submodule of F with at least n generators is the row space of a prime matrix.

How shell thickness can affect the gas sensing properties of nanostructured materials: Survey of literature

Mirzaei, Ali,Kim, Jae-Hun,Kim, Hyoun Woo,Kim, Sang Sub Elsevier Sequoia 2018 Sensors and actuators. B Chemical Vol.258 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>High-performance gas sensors are needed to improve safety in daily life. Even though the gas sensing performance of new nanostructured metal oxides has improved significantly, some aspects of these novel nanomaterials have not been fully explored. Core-shell (C-S) and hollow shell nanostructures are two types of advanced materials for gas sensing applications. Their popularity is mainly due to the synergetic effects of the core and shell in C-S nanostructures, the high surface areas of both C-S and hollow nanostructures, and the possibility of tuning the shell thickness within the range of the Debye length for such nanostructures. In addition to the type of sensing material, morphology, sensing temperature, and porosity, shell thickness is one of the most important design parameters. Unfortunately, less attention has been paid to the effect of shell thickness on the gas sensing properties. Herein, we demonstrate that the thickness has an undeniable role in the gas sensing response of the resulting material. In this review, we present the first overview of this aspect of sensing materials. By referring to related works, we show how shell thickness can affect the sensing properties of both C-S and hollow nanostructures. Researchers in this field will be able to fabricate more sensitive gas sensors for real applications by better understanding the effect of shell thickness on the gas sensing properties of C-S and hollow nanostructured materials.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Applications of core-shell nanostructures in gas sensors are discussed. </LI> <LI> Mechanisms of gas sensing in core-shell nanostructures are discussed. </LI> <LI> Effect of shell thickness is comprehensively discussed. </LI> </UL> </P>

Effects of Prepartum Dietary Carbohydrate Source on Metabolism and Performance of Primiparous Holstein Cows during the Periparturient Period

Mirzaei Alamouti, H.R.,Amanlou, H.,Rezayazdi, K.,Towhidi, A. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2009 Animal Bioscience Vol.22 No.11

Forty-six Holstein heifers were used in a completely randomized design and assigned to 1 of 2 treatments to evaluate the effects of 2 diets varying in ruminal fermentable carbohydrate sources, namely ground corn (GC) and rolled wheat (RW), on metabolism and performance of primiparous cows in the periparturient period. The heifers were fed diets as a total mixed ration (TMR) with similar energy and crude protein content including i) 18.57% GC, or ii) 18.57% RW from -24.13${\pm}$7.73 d relative to expected calving until calving. After calving, all animals received the same lactation diet until 28 d. Animals were group fed from the beginning of the study to -7 d relative to expected calving, fed individually from d -7 to 7 days in milk (DIM), and again group fed to 28 DIM. The pre-partum diets affected (p<0.05) dry matter intake (DMI), energy intake, energy balance (EB) and urinary pH during the last week pre-partum. There was no effect of pre-partum carbohydrate source on overall plasma concentration of glucose, nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA), $\beta$-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA), albumin, triglyceride (TG), cholesterol, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), insulin, and cortisol during the periparturient period. Cows fed the RW diet during the pre-partum period had greater calcium for the first week (p<0.05) and during 28 d (p = 0.08) of lactation compared with heifers fed the GC diet. Primiparous cows fed the RW diet produced greater milk protein content and yield (p<0.05). Primiparous cows fed the RW diet had lower milk urea nitrogen (MUN) and somatic cell count (SCC) than cows fed the GC diet (p<0.05). The results of this study show that feeding pre-partum diets with a rapidly fermentable source of starch but low energy content can improve animal metabolism and performance and smooth the transition of primiparous Holstein cows from gestation to lactation.

Optimal design of homogeneous earth dams by particle swarm optimization incorporating support vector machine approach

Mirzaei, Zeinab,Akbarpour, Abolfazl,Khatibinia, Mohsen,Siuki, Abbas Khashei Techno-Press 2015 Geomechanics & engineering Vol.9 No.6

The main aim of this study is to introduce optimal design of homogeneous earth dams with oblique and horizontal drains based on particle swarm optimization (PSO) incorporating weighted least squares support vector machine (WLS-SVM). To achieve this purpose, the upstream and downstream slopes of earth dam, the length of oblique and horizontal drains and angle among the drains are considered as the design variables in the optimization problem of homogeneous earth dams. Furthermore, the seepage through dam body and the weight of dam as objective functions are minimized in the optimization process simultaneously. In the optimization procedure, the stability coefficient of the upstream and downstream slopes and the seepage through dam body as the hydraulic responses of homogeneous earth dam are required. Hence, the hydraulic responses are predicted using WLS-SVM approach. The optimal results of illustrative examples demonstrate the efficiency and computational advantages of PSO with WLS-SVM in the optimal design of homogeneous earth dams with drains.

CO gas sensing properties of In₄Sn₃O₁₂ and TeO₂ composite nanoparticle sensors

Mirzaei, Ali,Park, Sunghoon,Sun, Gun-Joo,Kheel, Hyejoon,Lee, Chongmu Elsevier 2016 Journal of hazardous materials Vol.305 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>A simple hydrothermal route was used to synthesize In<SUB>4</SUB>Sn<SUB>3</SUB>O<SUB>12</SUB> nanoparticles and In<SUB>4</SUB>Sn<SUB>3</SUB>O<SUB>12</SUB>–TeO<SUB>2</SUB> composite nanoparticles, with In(C<SUB>2</SUB>H<SUB>3</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB>)<SUB>3</SUB>, SnCl<SUB>4</SUB>, and TeCl<SUB>4</SUB> as the starting materials. The structure and morphology of the synthesized nanoparticles were examined by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively. The gas-sensing properties of the pure and composite nanoparticles toward CO gas were examined at different concentrations (5–100ppm) of CO gas at different temperatures (100–300°C). SEM observation revealed that the composite nanoparticles had a uniform shape and size. The sensor based on the In<SUB>4</SUB>Sn<SUB>3</SUB>O<SUB>12</SUB>–TeO<SUB>2</SUB> composite nanoparticles showed stronger response to CO than its pure In<SUB>4</SUB>Sn<SUB>3</SUB>O<SUB>12</SUB> counterpart. The response of the In<SUB>4</SUB>Sn<SUB>3</SUB>O<SUB>12</SUB>–TeO<SUB>2</SUB> composite-nanoparticle sensor to 100ppm of CO at 200°C was 10.21, whereas the maximum response of the In<SUB>4</SUB>Sn<SUB>3</SUB>O<SUB>12</SUB> nanoparticle sensor was 2.78 under the same conditions. Furthermore, the response time of the composite sensor was 19.73s under these conditions, which is less than one-third of that of the In<SUB>4</SUB>Sn<SUB>3</SUB>O<SUB>12</SUB> sensor. The improved sensing performance of the In<SUB>4</SUB>Sn<SUB>3</SUB>O<SUB>12</SUB>–TeO<SUB>2</SUB> nanocomposite sensor is attributed to the enhanced modulation of the potential barrier height at the In<SUB>4</SUB>Sn<SUB>3</SUB>O<SUB>12</SUB>–TeO<SUB>2</SUB> interface, the stronger oxygen adsorption of p-type TeO<SUB>2</SUB>, and the formation of preferential adsorption sites.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> In4Sn3O12–TeO2 composite nanoparticles were synthesized via a facile hydrothermal route. </LI> <LI> The response of the In4Sn3O12–TeO2 composite sensor to CO was stronger than the pristine In4Sn3O12 sensor. </LI> <LI> The response of the In4Sn3O12–TeO2 composite sensor to CO was faster than the pristine In4Sn3O12 sensor. </LI> <LI> The improved sensing performance of the In4Sn3O12–TeO2 nanocomposite sensor is discussed in detail. </LI> <LI> The In4Sn3O12-based nanoparticle sensors showed selectivity to CO over NH3, HCHO and H2. </LI> </UL> </P>