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Mekuria Haile Teklemariam 과학기술정책연구원 2020 기타연구 Vol.- No.-
This paper assumes that in order to prevent COVID-19 cases especially in highly densely populated urban areas, ICT policy that includes ICT usage skill, female social media penetration, e-government and online services with cyber security need to be developed in addition to the network infrastructure coverage improvement. This is because awareness creation about how COVID-19 spreads and getting services online using broadband instead of the face-to-face interaction is the best way to thwart coronavirus. In this study, a total of 46 African countries have been taken as sample of the analysis, Korea has been taken as benchmarking country and used the 2020 data. With pooled and interaction effect cross-sectional data models, this paper examines which variables out of 12 explanatory variables were effective in controlling the spread of COVID-19 in Africa. Further, by interacting online service index variable with the network infrastructure development, this paper identifies favorable differential slope (policy) effects of online service and telecom infrastructure dev’t on COVID-19 infection prevention and Control in Africa. The paper concludes that, among the 12, seven variables that include digital skill, e-government service, female social media penetration level, and network with secured server and capacity of 4G have significant effects on coronavirus infection prevention. Whereas urbanization in Africa has facilitated for social closeness and favorable effects on the spread of the virus. Finally, to mitigate the crisis in Africa, the researcher proposes a set of policies focusing on ICT best practices of South Korea that can be augmented to African countries.
Restoring aboveground carbon and biodiversity: a case study from the Nile basin, Ethiopia
Wolde Mekuria,Simon Langan,Robyn Johnston,Beyene Belay,Dagninet Amare,Tadesse Gashaw,Abeyou Wale,Gizaw Desta,Andrew Noble 한국산림과학회 2015 Forest Science And Technology Vol.11 No.2
In Ethiopia, exclosures in landscapes have become increasingly important to improving ecosystem services and reversing biodiversity losses. The present study was conducted in Gomit watershed, northern Ethiopia, to: (i) investigate the changes in vegetation composition, diversity and aboveground biomass and carbon following the establishment of exclosures; and (ii) analyse the economic returns of aboveground carbon sequestration and assess the perception of local communities on land degradation and exclosures. A space-for-time substitution approach was used to detect the changes in aboveground carbon, species composition, and diversity. Exclosures of 1-, 2-, 3-, 4-, 5-, and 7-years-old and a communal grazing land were selected. Household surveys, key informant interviews, and a financial analysis were used to assess the perception of local communities and the value of exclosure impacts, respectively. Significant (P D 0.049) differences in species diversity and considerable increases in aboveground carbon (ranged from 0.6 to 4.2 t C ha ¡1), CO2 storage (varied between 2.1 and 15.3 t CO2 ha ¡1), woody species composition, and richness (ranged from five to 28) were observed following the establishment of exclosures. Exclosures generated temporary certified emission reductions (tCER) of 3.4, 2.1, 7.5, 12.6, 12.5, and 15.3 Mg CO2 ha ¡1 after 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 7 years, respectively. The net present value (NPV) of the aboveground carbon sequestered in exclosures ranged from US$6.6 to US$37.0 per hectare and increased with exclosure duration. At a watershed level, 51.4 Mg C ha ¡1 can be sequestered, which represents 188.6 Mg CO2 ha ¡1, resulting in tCER of 139.4 Mg CO2 ha ¡1 and NPV of US$478.3 per hectare. This result would suggest that exclosures can potentially improve local communities’ livelihoods beyond rehabilitating degraded lands if carbon stored in exclosures is traded. Communities in the watershed demonstrated that exclosures are effective in restoring degraded lands and they are benefiting from increased fodder production and reduced impacts of soil erosion. However, the respondents are also concerned over the sustainability of exclosure land management, as further expansion of exclosures aggravates degradation of remaining communal grazing lands and causes fuel wood shortages. This suggests that the sustainability of exclosure land management can be attained only if these critical concerns are addressed by a joint effort among government agencies, nongovernmental organizations, and communities.
WOLDAREGAY, MESFIN MEKURIA,DURESSA, GEMECHIS FILE The Korean Society for Computational and Applied M 2021 Journal of applied mathematics & informatics Vol.39 No.5
In this paper, numerical treatment of singularly perturbed parabolic delay differential equations is considered. The considered problem have small delay on the spatial variable of the reaction term. To treat the delay term, Taylor series approximation is applied. The resulting singularly perturbed parabolic PDEs is solved using Crank Nicolson method in temporal direction with non-standard finite difference method in spatial direction. A detail stability and convergence analysis of the scheme is given. We proved the uniform convergence of the scheme with order of convergence O(N<sup>-1</sup> + (∆t)<sup>2</sup>), where N is the number of mesh points in spatial discretization and ∆t is mesh length in temporal discretization. Two test examples are used to validate the theoretical results of the scheme.
농촌 도시이민자가 직면한 문제 해결 방안 - 아디스아바바 에티오피아를 중심으로 -
멜레세 페벤 메쿠리아(Melese, Feven Mekuria),유지원(Ryu, Jiwon),주범(Chu, Beom) 대한건축학회 2022 대한건축학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.42 No.2
Among the biggest challenges Addis Ababa, the capital city of Ethiopia facing today, dynamic increase of population is the major one. As a cause, rural-urban migration contributes significantly to this scenario. This uncontrolled flow of citizens from peripheral areas to the inner city cores resulted in saturation and overflow which led to decreased job opportunity and substandard living condition. In this condition, migrants from the working age group can fight their way in to the system while the rest will be cast outs. The main goal of this thesis research is to look in to alternative ways of how to make the cast out group (single mothers and children in this case) a productive citizen by interventions on basic skill development and capacity building.
도심지 가로등 조명 요소가 야간보행에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구
멜레세 페벤 메쿠리아(Melese, Feven Mekuria),유지원(Ryu, Jiwon),주범(Chu, Beom) 대한건축학회 2023 대한건축학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.43 No.1
This study aims to determine how the Lighting Elements of Street Lights can affect the nighttime movement of pedestrians in the urban environment by studying the factors that result in movement direction. Based on the reviewed literature the concept and standards of street light were pointed out and the Gestalt theory of human visual perception was studied. Based on that, the relationship between street lights and pedestrians’ movement diction was formulated to analyze selected cases. Through the case analysis, it is indicated that light intensity, direction, and color are the major factors of light that impact movement decisions by creating various reactions toward the pedestrian.
Uniformly Convergent Numerical Method for Singularly Perturbed Convection-Diffusion Problems
Derartu Ayansa Turuna,Mesfin Mekuria Woldaregay,Gemechis File Duressa 경북대학교 자연과학대학 수학과 2020 Kyungpook mathematical journal Vol.60 No.3
A uniformly convergent numerical method is developed for solving singularly perturbed 1-D parabolic convection-diffusion problems. The developed method applies a non-standard finite difference method for the spatial derivative discretization and uses the implicit Runge-Kutta method for the semi-discrete scheme. The convergence of the method is analyzed, and it is shown to be first order convergent. To validate the applicability of the proposed method two model examples are considered and solved for different perturbation parameters and mesh sizes. The numerical and experimental results agree well with the theoretical findings.
( Luzango Mfupe ),( Fisseha Mekuria ),( Mjumo Mzyece ) 한국인터넷정보학회 2014 KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Syst Vol.8 No.11
Geo-location white space spectrum databases (GL-WSDBs) are currently the preferred technique for enabling spectrum sharing between primary users and secondary users or white space devices (WSDs) in the very-high frequency (VHF) and ultra-high frequency (UHF) bands. This is true because technologies for making low-cost WSDs capable of autonomous sensing and detection of available white space (WS) spectrum are not yet feasible. This paper reviews the necessary enabling technical conditions to allow coexistence of primary and secondary systems in the VHF and UHF spectrum through a GL-WSDB approach. The practical implementation of South Africa`s first GL-WSDB was performed. Results of WS channels available from five cities in South Africa calculated from the implemented GL-WSDB was compared with a commercially available GL-WSDB and was found to be 68% similar. Additionally, results from the implemented GL-WSDB were compared with measurements obtained from field spectrum scanning campaigns at two different locations in Cape Town, South Africa, and was found to be 64% similar.