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Where does arachidonic acid come from in insects?
Md. Ariful Hasan,Yonggyun Kim 한국응용곤충학회 2018 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2018 No.04
Eicosanoids play crucial roles in mediating insect immune responses. PLA2 releases arachidonic acid (AA) from phospholipids (PLs) and AA is usually used for biosynthesis of eicosanoids. However, AA is little (less than 0.05%) detected in insect PLs. In contrast, insect PLs have a lot of other C18 PUFAs (linoleic acid and linolenic acid). A new hypothesis is that AA is synthesized from C18 precursor by subsequent desaturation and elongation reactions. We predicted several fatty acyl desaturases (DESs) from Spodoptera exigua. Some specific DES inhibitors inhibited eicosanoid-mediated immune responses. Subsequent AA precursor analysis suggests that AA may be synthesized from linolenic acid via the omega-6 pathway.
Md. Ariful Hasan,Yonggyun Kim 한국응용곤충학회 2019 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2019 No.04
A specific serotonin receptor (Se-5HTR) has been identified in the beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua and classified into 5-HT7 type. Se-5HTR expression was up-regulated in hemocytes and fat body in response to immune challenge. As being a GPCR, this receptor is presumably coupled with intracellular trimeric Gαs protein activating cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) pathway to regulate several cellular functions. RNA interference (RNAi) of Se-5HTR as well as its downstream signal proteins exhibited significant suppression in cellular immune responses including nodulation and phagocytosis. Application of inhibitors to the signaling cascade suppressed the immune responses as well. To validate the Se-5HTR involvement in mediating cellular immunity, 5-HTR knock-out mutants were developed using CRISPR-Cas9 technique and suffered significant developmental anomalies.
Hasan, Md. Mahmudul,Islam, Md. Shihabul,Hoque, Kazi Md. Faisal,Haque, Ariful,Reza, Md Abu Korean Society of ToxicologyKorea Environmental Mu 2019 Toxicological Research Vol.35 No.3
Citrus macroptera (Rutaceae) has long been used in folk medicine in Bangladesh. Considering the folkloric context, this study was aimed to scrutinize anti-proliferative activity of C. macroptera fruit pulp juice (CMFPJ) against Ehrlich's ascites carcinoma (EAC). The anti-proliferative capacity of CMFPJ was investigated and confirmed primarily using MTT assay. In vivo anti-proliferative aptitude of CMFPJ was investigated with 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg/day intraperitoneal (i.p.) treatment. Anti-proliferative efficacy of CMFPJ was assessed based on EAC growth inhibition. CMFPJ inhibited EAC growth in vitro in a dose-dependent manner. And the percentages of in vivo EAC growth inhibition were 19.53, 49.2, and 68.9% at 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg CMFPJ respectively. CMFPJ significantly induced expression of apoptosis regulatory genes caspase-8, caspase-9, cytochrome-c, and caspase-3. This considerable anti-cancer activity was perhaps due to combinatorial effect of lectin, polyphenols, and flavonoids present in CMFPJ.
Md. Mahmudul Hasan,Md. Shihabul Islam,Kazi Md. Faisal Hoque,Ariful Haque,Md Abu Reza 한국독성학회 2019 Toxicological Research Vol.35 No.3
Citrus macroptera (Rutaceae) has long been used in folk medicine in Bangladesh. Considering the folkloric context, this study was aimed to scrutinize anti-proliferative activity of C. macroptera fruit pulp juice (CMFPJ) against Ehrlich’s ascites carcinoma (EAC). The anti-proliferative capacity of CMFPJ was investigated and confirmed primarily using MTT assay. In vivo anti-proliferative aptitude of CMFPJ was investigated with 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg/day intraperitoneal (i.p.) treatment. Anti-proliferative efficacy of CMFPJ was assessed based on EAC growth inhibition. CMFPJ inhibited EAC growth in vitro in a dose-dependent manner. And the percentages of in vivo EAC growth inhibition were 19.53, 49.2, and 68.9% at 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg CMFPJ respectively. CMFPJ significantly induced expression of apoptosis regulatory genes caspase-8, caspase-9, cytochrome-c, and caspase-3. This considerable anti-cancer activity was perhaps due to combinatorial effect of lectin, polyphenols, and flavonoids present in CMFPJ.