AUGUSTUS, THE VESTALS, AND THE SIGNUM IMPERII (PALLADIUM, FORUM ROMANUM,VESTA, OVID, ROMAN EMPIRE)

MCDANIEL, MARY JOANN The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill 1995 해외박사

AN ANALYSIS OF THE CHARACTERIZATIONS OF AIDA AND AMNERIS (VERDI, ITALY, OPERA)

MCDANIEL, MYRTLE YVETTE Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Me 1991 해외박사

EDWIN AUGUSTUS HARLESTON, PORTRAIT PAINTER, 1882-1931 (HARLESTON, EDWIN AUGUSTUS, SOUTH CAROLINA)

MCDANIEL, MAURINE AKUA Emory University 1994 해외박사

Remediation at four-year colleges: Socializing students during high school

McDaniel, Kimberly Louise University of Southern California 2000 해외박사(DDOD)

This quantitative study explores the relationship between selected pre-college variables and the need for college-level remedial math among students attending public four-year colleges and universities. The sample for this study is a sub-sample of NCES' High School and Beyond longitudinal cohort of students who were high school sophomores during the spring of 1980. Students were included in this study if they attended a public four-year college within two years after graduation after high school graduation, attended a public high school, and enrolled in at least one math course during those two years of college. The conceptual framework draws on the sociological literature and the theory of anticipatory socialization: the concept used to describe the process by which an individual undergoes socialization in anticipation of filling a role in the future. Logistic regression was conducted for the entire sample of math students and the results indicate that the model developed to test the socialization theory helped to explain variance in remedial status. Factors contributing to the need for remediation encompass a range of domains from individual to institutional-level variables. The most significant finding of this study, from a policy standpoint, is that the academic intensity of the high school curriculum was found to be a predictor of remedial status.

The shaping of national reading policy: Using the structural approach to examine the politics of reading

McDaniel, Julie Ellen University of Michigan 2001 해외박사(DDOD)

As reading became a national policy focus in the late 1990s, a large and diverse set of policy actors participated in the development of national reading policies. Using policies such as the Reading Excellence Act as context, this research extends previous policy influence inquiry, employs an underutilized framework, and explores a relatively unknown environment. The policy domain framework, based in structural theory, considers connections among actors, beliefs about policy issues, perceptions of the environment, and the relationship between beliefs and linkages. This study views policy influence as a dynamic, complex variable that is transmitted across the domain via policy actor relationships. Based on the policy domain framework, six hypotheses guide this inquiry. Using methods developed for social network analysis, this study focuses on 134 national reading policy actors. Using interview transcripts and archival documents, the relationships among these actors are quantified and network properties such as density, centrality, and prestige are determined. Furthermore, the effects of reading beliefs and influence reputation on actor relationships are examined. The analyses indicate partial to strong support for the six hypotheses. Employing a criterion of mutual relevance, the national reading policy environment is characterized as a sparse domain of actors involved in numerous, dense subgroups. Furthermore, these subgroups contain those who were both central and prestigious across the national reading environment, as well as within these smaller clusters of policy actors. While central policy actors are perceived to be more influential than peripheral actors in shaping national reading policy, membership in subgroups and relationships across the environment are also important aspects of policy influence. Finally, policy actors show a slight tendency to interact with actors who advocate particular beliefs about reading. Based on a three-level analysis, two subgroups contain seven policy actors that are globally and locally prominent, including the NEA, the AFT, and the NIFL. A promising area for future research is the examination of collaborative activity undertaken by policy actors. Including variables such as membership size, financial power, and partisan affiliation should bring a heightened understanding of national reading policy influence.

The paradoxes of (anti-)imperialism: Reason, religion, and resistance in the Latin American 'arielista' essay, 1898--1921

McDaniel, Shawn City University of New York 2013 해외박사(DDOD)

This project analizes the concept of arielismo in the Latin American essay during the first two decades of the twentieth century. The principle argument of this study is that arielismo, far from a coherent, literary movement, is in reality rife with ambiguities, contradictions, and constant semantic shifts. Therefore, my analysis highlights the origin of the term, its ubiquity, as well as its limitations by focusing on the personal, sociopolitical, historical, and geopolitical contexts that inform the important but imprecise journey of arielismo in Latin American cultural history. Arielismo appears to be a fluid concept loosely based on José Enrique Rodó's essay, Ariel (1900). Most of this investigation is dedicated to the study of a series of essays and essayists that critics tend to call 'arielistas', a tendency I interrogate by underscoring the different ways in which the so-called ' arielistas' from various Latin American countries such as Cuba, Colombia, Peru, Argentina, and Uruguay, subvert or diverge from the fundamental precepts of Ariel. Specifically, I study the ways in which a variegated group of Latin American intellectuals, from the right and left, diplomats and anarchists, negotiate the discrepancies between reason and spiritualism, between elitism and democratic participation, between critical autonomy and religious hegemony, and between idealism and pessimism, in their respective projects, which were written in an time of frequent U.S. interventions in Latin America and the Caribbean. My readings of arielismo reveal that a Latin American anti-imperialist subjectivity, far from uniform, is marked by numerous paradoxes. As I will underscore throughout this investigation, those paradoxes reveal arielismo to be a terrain in which complex and contradictory negotiations aimed at assimilating intellectual and personal resistance and emancipation with traditional sociocultural structures. This is a dichotomy that people around the world continue navigating. Therefore, in a broader context this study examines the tensions between reason and religious faith (or between positivism and metaphysics) in various emancipatory projects and, at the same time, between the politics of agency and dependency in globalizing processes during the last century.

Kinetic influences on the composition of germanium/silicon heteroepitaxial quantum dots

McDaniel, Emily Patrice Arizona State University 2005 해외박사(DDOD)

For heteroepitaxial quantum dots (HEQDs) to be useful in technological applications, and to enhance the fundamental understanding of intermixing during Stranski-Krastanow growth, the composition of the quantum dots as a function of growth conditions must be known. The Ge content of dome clusters grown by molecular beam epitaxy of pure Ge onto Si(100) was found to fall with decreasing Ge deposition rate. The falling Ge content is manifested by an increase in the volume at which clusters change shape from pyramids to domes and was quantitatively confirmed using nm-scale spatial resolution electron-energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS) in a scanning transmission electron microscope. EELS measurements taken from base to apex of dome clusters were used to quantify the compositional gradient within the island. The Ge composition gradient was found to increase with increasing substrate temperature and decreasing deposition rate. One-dimensional EELS linescans were compared with two-dimensional EELS spectrum images to elucidate the relationship between island growth parameters and the resulting composition distribution within the islands. The areal density of dome clusters is controlled by the ratio between the deposition and surface diffusion rates whereas their composition is controlled by the ratio between the deposition and Si interdiffusion rates. Reflection high-energy electron diffraction (RHEED) patterns monitored in real time were used to investigate the transition from layer-by-layer to island growth modes in the Ge/Si system. The behavior at the transition was found to be consistent with the behavior observed for HEQDs grown with InAs on GaAs substrates. The layer-to-island transition was also found to be dependent on the segregation of Ge at the surface of the wetting layer with increasing Ge deposition. Increased wetting layer thickness caused by intermixing of Ge and Si during the first few monolayers of Ge growth was ruled out.

The effects of N-acetylcysteine on behavioral extinction in mice

McDaniel, Jill Lynn Vanderbilt University 2011 해외박사(DDOD)

The experiments conducted herein examine: (a) the effect of NAC on the extinction and reinstatement of positively reinforced operant behavior maintained by food and (b) the potential for differential effects of NAC across different schedules of reinforcement within an animal model. Forty-seven C57BL/6J mice were trained in an operant paradigm to respond for access to food on an FR-5 or VR-5 reinforcement schedule. Extinction was then implemented concurrent with injections of NAC or vehicle. Following extinction, cued and reward reinstatement sessions were conducted. Data were collected on lever presses on active and inactive levers and head entries into the dipper throughout all phases. Results revealed an ameliorative effect on response frequency during extinction and reinstatement phases for the NAC group for the FR contingency only. No drug effect was evident for the VR schedule, and when FR and VR groups were compared to each other, no significant differential effect of drug by schedule was noted. The significance of results for the FR contingency parallel those found in the drug relapse/ reinstatement literature and may suggest consistency across different types of positive reinforcers. However, these results may be tempered by the lack of significant findings for the VR contingency, which more closely parallels naturally occurring schedules of reinforcement. The ambiguity of these findings combined with the potential for NAC to ameliorate undesirable side effects of extinction warrant continued investigation.

Attracting the attention of child protective services: The added risk of major life events for low-income families

McDaniel, Marla Kay Northwestern University 2003 해외박사(DDOD)

This dissertation introduces and tests the Etiology of Child Protection Involvement: The Life Event Perspective. According to the theory, low-income families who experience major life events are at risk of getting investigated by child protective services (CPS) and receiving a substantiated report. This is because the events increase stress, material hardship, or visibility to those who report child abuse and neglect. I examine whether moving to a new home, giving birth, losing a job, leaving public assistance, getting arrested, or having a child who gets suspended or expelled from school increases the risk that low-income predominately African American families in Illinois will get investigated and have a substantiated child maltreatment report. I find mixed support for the theory. I analyze survey and administrative data from the Illinois Families Study (n = 1,137) and interview 10 child protection officials from the Illinois Department of Children and Family Services. I find that housing moves, births, arrests, and school suspensions/expulsions increase a family's risk of being investigated when factors typically associated with CPS involvement are controlled. Additionally, life events increase the risk of an investigation even when they have not increased parenting stress or material hardship. According to the theory, this is because major life events attract the attention of abuse/neglect reporters, which is the basis of my visibility hypothesis. I also find that families who have left public assistance are less likely to get investigated regardless of their income and employment status, and families who have recently given birth are significantly more likely to have a substantiated abuse/neglect report. I interview CPS officials to explore what distinguishes unfounded cases from those that are substantiated. I find that life events play a minor role in abuse/neglect decisions. Furthermore, when allegations and evidence appear identical, subtle factors influence which cases are substantiated. I conclude that CPS policy and child protection officials help determine what constitutes child maltreatment. While most researchers have not included decision-making criteria when modeling who becomes involved with CPS, my findings provide evidence that we need to account for those factors to better understand which families are at highest risk.

Synthesis, characterization and photovoltaic integration of type II nanorod heterostructures

McDaniel, Hunter Y University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 2011 해외박사(DDOD)

Motivated by a desire to control the actions of charges within materials in new and productive ways, researchers have increasingly focused their efforts on engineering materials on the nanometer scale where the laws of quantum mechanics rule supreme. Novel properties emerge when a semiconductor crystal is prepared at sizes below the hydrogenic ground state of the material, also known as the exciton Bohr radius. In addition to effects of quantum confinement, the large fraction of surface atoms can play a significant role in determining nanocrystal properties and applications. By combining two or more nanometer scale semiconductor crystals together to form a nanocrystal heterostructure, new avenues for materials engineering are opened up as nascent properties emerge. The high fraction of surface atoms means that much larger degrees of strain are possible than in the bulk. The large fraction of interface atoms means that the heterojunction properties can dominate the properties of the entire structure. Along with engineering these novel multi component properties comes new unexplored areas of science to be investigated and understood. New techniques are needed for studying these materials that require resolution of features much smaller than the wavelength of (visible) light. Along with this research comes a responsibility to share findings with the scientific community and to pursue directions that can positively impact humanity. At the same time, we should take a long term view when judging the applications of this or any new technology as we are only beginning to understand what is possible. After an introduction to the field in chapter one where we motivate our focus on anisotropic nanocrystal heterostructures, we discuss the formation of Fe3O4/CdS structures from spherical seeds in chapter two. In chapter three we turn our focus to type II CdSe/CdTe nanorod heterostructures where the anisotropy is inherent. The type II system is of particular interest because absorbed photons rapidly produce separated electrons and holes which we suspect could make these attractive materials for photovoltaics. Also in chapter three, we observe unexpectedly high levels of strain in these structures and develop a technique using an aberration corrected scanning transmission electron microscope to argue a hypothesis as to its cause. In chapter four we develop a synthetic strategy to forming alloyed type II nanorod heterostructures and show that we can tune their heterojunction energies. Also in chapter four, we take a further step in developing the structural characterization technique from chapter three by using it to spatially quantify composition in alloyed nanorod heterostructures. In chapter five we explore the time resolved absorption spectra of the various nanorod heterostructures discussed in previous chapters in order to probe carrier dynamics in these materials. Finally, in chapter six we tie together the previous chapters by developing a new type of solar cell integrating type II nanorod heterostructures. In a systematic comparison between different nanorod heterostructures with single component nanorods, we uncover the conditions under which the attractive qualities of type II nanorod heterostructures can be capitalized on.