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- 저자 : McCluskey, Christina S. (검색결과 4 건)
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Kelly McCluskey 영상영어교육학회 2009 영상영어교육 (STEM journal) Vol.10 No.2
This paper examines the sociolinguistic aspects of taboo language in the English speaking world, including a search of the literature to seek further perspectives or insights about taboo items related to cinema and society. Teachers could give more accurate information about taboo items if it were available, but little consensus exists. Cinema presents an excellent opportunity to quantify this relationship. For the sake of research manageability, the range of 'taboo items' is narrowed to fuck–Also known as The F-bomb. The absolute frequency of lemmas of fuck are compared against genre and year in a quantitative analysis of a self-constructed corpus of cinema texts and then isolated KWIC (Key Word in Context) items are examined within a single film's plot line to illustrate possible influences of register, in particular the relationships between the speakers and the hearers. The author concludes that intuitions about the use of fuck in cinema are generally confirmed by the results of this study.
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Sea spray aerosol as a unique source of ice nucleating particles
DeMott, Paul J.,Hill, Thomas C. J.,McCluskey, Christina S.,Prather, Kimberly A.,Collins, Douglas B.,Sullivan, Ryan C.,Ruppel, Matthew J.,Mason, Ryan H.,Irish, Victoria E.,Lee, Taehyoung,Hwang, Chung Y National Academy of Sciences 2016 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Vol.113 No.21
<P>Ice nucleating particles (INPs) are vital for ice initiation in, and precipitation from, mixed-phase clouds. A source of INPs from oceans within sea spray aerosol (SSA) emissions has been suggested in previous studies but remained unconfirmed. Here, we show that INPs are emitted using real wave breaking in a laboratory flume to produce SSA. The number concentrations of INPs from laboratory-generated SSA, when normalized to typical total aerosol number concentrations in the marine boundary layer, agree well with measurements from diverse regions over the oceans. Data in the present study are also in accord with previously published INP measurements made over remote ocean regions. INP number concentrations active within liquid water droplets increase exponentially in number with a decrease in temperature below 0 degrees C, averaging an order of magnitude increase per 5 degrees C interval. The plausibility of a strong increase in SSA INP emissions in association with phytoplankton blooms is also shown in laboratory simulations. Nevertheless, INP number concentrations, or active site densities approximated using 'dry' geometric SSA surface areas, are a few orders of magnitude lower than corresponding concentrations or site densities in the surface boundary layer over continental regions. These findings have important implications for cloud radiative forcing and precipitation within low-level and midlevel marine clouds unaffected by continental INP sources, such as may occur over the Southern Ocean.</P>
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Parmar, Narendra S.,Choi, Ji-Won,Boatner, Lynn A.,McCluskey, Matthew D.,Lynn, Kelvin G. Elsevier 2017 JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS Vol.729 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Research is described here that is directed toward obtaining <I>p</I>-type ZnO crystals either by doping or by creating native defects. Theoretically, zinc vacancies are shallow acceptors that should allow for <I>p</I>-type conduction. Bulk ZnO crystals can be grown by chemical vapor transport (CVT), melt solidification, and hydrothermal methods. Here we have explored annealing processes with the goal of creating zinc vacancies in bulk ZnO crystals. Positron annihilation spectra reveal the reproducible formation of high concentrations (>10<SUP>20</SUP> cm<SUP>−3</SUP>) of isolated zinc vacancies (<I>V</I> <SUB>Zn</SUB>) in oxygen-annealed, CVT-grown ZnO crystals in the ∼100–150 nm near-surface. Melt- and hydrothermally grown samples, in contrast, show insignificant levels of zinc vacancy creation. Photoluminescence (PL) emission spectra indicate a <I>V</I> <SUB>Zn</SUB>(0/-1) acceptor level at ∼ 155–165 meV; red PL (∼1.7 eV) emission, related to the <I>V</I> <SUB>Zn</SUB>(-1/-2) level, was also observed. Infrared absorption spectroscopy reveals the presence of a zinc vacancy complex with a hole binding energy range of 420–450 meV – and with a continuum suggesting a <I>p</I>-type region. XPS measurements support the deficiency of Zn after oxygen annealing the CVT-grown ZnO single crystal.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> CVT, hydrothermally and Melt-grown ZnO crystals were investigated. </LI> <LI> Isolated V<SUB>Zn</SUB> > 10<SUP>20</SUP> cm<SUP>−3</SUP> were formed in oxygen annealed CVT ZnO crystals. </LI> <LI> PL emission indicate a V<SUB>Zn</SUB>(0/-1) acceptor level at ∼ 155–165 meV. </LI> <LI> FTIR reveals zinc vacancy complex with a hole binding energy ∼ 420–450 meV. </LI> <LI> XPS data support the deficiency of Zn in oxygen annealed CVT ZnO crystals. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>
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