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Current Issues & Prospects of International Space Law
Zwaan, Tanja Masson Korea Society of Air Space Law and Policy 2010 한국항공우주정책·법학회지 Vol.25 No.1
This paper first gives a brief overview of the history of space law making in the international geopolitical context and recalls some of the main principles as elaborated in the framework of the United Nations. Next, several topics are discussed that will require the attention of space lawyers in the near future. They are the International Space Station, space debris, exploitation of space resources, space tourism, private property rights in space, and militarization and weaponization of space. The paper raises some questions in each of these areas that need to be addressed and concludes that the general legal framework for space activities under public international law as contained in the UN treaties is in place, and is sufficiently general and flexible to enable and encourage states to carry out space activities in an orderly manner. However, as demonstrated by the examples discussed in the paper, the time has come for the international community to agree on the further development of these general principles, starting perhaps with space debris, imminent 'new' uses of space such as space tourism, or some of the 'age old' issues such as the weaponisation of outer space that will continue to require our attention and vigilance. Whether such rules can be in the form of non binding guidelines, codes of conduct and the like, or should be embodied in solid legal instruments creating rights and obligations remains to be seen.
Recent Developments In Eu Space Policy and Law
( Tanja Masson Zwaan ) 한국항공우주법학회 2010 한국항공우주정책·법학회지 Vol.25 No.2
This paper starts with a brief overview of the history of the European Space Agency and recalls some of its main features. Next, the gradual process of cooperation between ESA and the EU is outlined, leading to the creation of the Framework Agreement in 2004 and the adoption of the European Space Policy in 2007. The entry into force of the Lisbon Treaty in 2009 codified the space competence of the EU, and its implications are addressed. Lastly, some attention is paid to the issue of space security in Europe, through ESA`s new SSA programme adopted in 2008, and to the relevance of the EU Council initiative for a Code of Conduct for Outer Space Activities in 2008. The paper ends with some conclusions.
Current Issues & Prospects of International Space Law
( Tanja Masson Zwaan ) 한국항공우주정책·법학회 2010 한국항공우주정책·법학회지 Vol.25 No.1
This paper first gives a brief overview of the history of space law making in the international geopolitical context and recalls some of the main principles as elaborated in the framework of the United Nations. Next, several topics are discussed that will require the attention of space lawyers in the near future. They are the International Space Station, space debris, exploitation of space resources, space tourism, private property rights in space, and militarization and weaponization of space. The paper raises some questions in each of these areas that need to be addressed and concludes that the general legal framework for space activities under public international law as contained in the UN treaties is in place, and is sufficiently general and flexible to enable and encourage states to carry out space activities in an orderly manner. However, as demonstrated by the examples discussed in the paper, the time has come for the international community to agree on the further development of these general principles, starting perhaps with space debris, imminent `new` uses of space such as space tourism, or some of the `age-old` issues such as the weaponisation of outer space that will continue to require our attention and vigilance. Whether such rules can be in the form of non-binding guidelines, codes of conduct and the like, or should be embodied in solid legal instruments creating rights and obligations remains to be seen.
RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN EU SPACE POLICY AND LAW
탄자 마송즈완,Masson-Zwaan, Tanja Korea Society of Air Space Law and Policy 2010 한국항공우주정책·법학회지 Vol.25 No.2
This paper starts with a brief overview of the history of the European Space Agency and recalls some of its main features. Next, the gradual process of cooperation between ESA and the EU is outlined, leading to the creation of the Framework Agreement in 2004 and the adoption of the European Space Policy in 2007. The entry into force of the Lisbon Treaty in 2009 codified the space competence of the EU, and its implications are addressed. Lastly, some attention is paid to the issue of space security in Europe, through ESA's new SSA programme adopted in 2008, and to the relevance of the EU Council initiative for a Code of Conduct for Outer Space Activities in 2008. The paper ends with some conclusions.