Planning of low and medium income homemakers in Jcao Pessoa, Brazil, in relation to food shopping

Marques, Nerina A. C Univeristy Microfilms International 1984 국내박사

Direct Numerical Simulations, Resolvent Analysis, and Flow Control of Laminar Post-Stall Wakes Around Finite Tapered Swept Wings

Marques Ribeiro, Jean Helder University of California, Los Angeles ProQuest Dis 2023 해외박사(DDOD)

소속기관이 구독 중이 아닌 경우 오후 4시부터 익일 오전 9시까지 원문보기가 가능합니다.

External flows over wings is a traditional flow of interest in aerodynamics. Over the last century, research efforts were dedicated to studying the wake patterns that form in the flows around finite wings. Among others, we can pinpoint the wing tip vortex, the separation region that develops under adverse pressure gradient, and the coherent vortical structures. Thanks to these past efforts, we were able to significantly extend our knowledge in aerodynamics, which paved the way for an impressive evolution of aircraft designs in the last century. Over the years, commercial flight became an ordinary asset in our society. More recently, small and micro air vehicles have also reached the market, being operated by individuals who hold no necessary knowledge of the complexity of the Navier-Stokes equations. The advanced knowledge currently held on flight physics has played a fundamental role in the development of aircraft designs, however, there is still room for improvement. In post-stall flow conditions, the aerodynamic performance of the wing decays considerably, making it challenging to sustain flight at high incidence angles. To enable flight in such flow conditions, it is important to develop physics-based flow control strategies capable of improving the overall aerodynamic performance of the wing and its flight stability. The main implications are reduced fuel (and energy) consumption during flight, increased aircraft range, improvements in safety and productivity of air travel, attenuation of the acoustic signature, as well as enabled capability of aircraft to fly in challenging external environments.Towards this goal, many studies have been performed to analyze and control flows over airfoils in spanwise periodic configurations. These may also be called infinite-span wings. These studies were fundamental to revealing important aspects of flow physics. However, in reality, the flows around wings are three-dimensional (3-D). In addition, modern aircraft wings are usually tapered and swept. The 3-D vortex dynamics of flows over wings has a significant influence on aircraft design, by reducing the overall lift, generating induced drag, and increasing flow unsteadiness. Thus, it is important to develop strategies to control the vortex dynamics that encompass the knowledge of the 3-D characteristics of the flow over finite, swept, and tapered wings. Especially for post-stall flow conditions, the wake dynamics around tapered swept wings is largely unexplored. It is still a challenge to understand how the wing geometry relates to the vortex formation for different aspect and taper ratios, as well as angles of attack and sweep. To design control strategies to improve aerodynamic performance for finite, swept, and tapered wings, we must go beyond the sole characterization of flow structures. In fact, the identification of perturbation dynamics is called for to modify the flow field.Three-dimensional flow control is challenging due to the high-dimensional and nonlinear nature of the flow dynamics of the wakes. Thus, it is necessary to find an appropriate actuation setup for the problem that can alter the base flow behavior. This effort can be guided by modal analysis methods. In our work, we have used resolvent analysis, a method based on the singular value decomposition (SVD) of the resolvent, which is a linear operator constructed using the Navier-Stokes equations linearized with respect to the base flow. For unsteady flows, the statistically converged time-averaged flow field is used as a base flow to construct the resolvent operator. The strength of the resolvent operator through this approach is the capability to find optimal forcing modes which amplify outputs in the flow field and give insights into the perturbed flow through the spatial response modes. The challenge within resolvent analysis is the SVD computation for large-scale resolvent operators that are generated for high-dimensional flow fields, such as three-dimensional and turbulent flows.By taking advantage of low-rank approximation of the resolvent operator, recent developments using randomized numerical linear algebra have accelerated the computation of the dominant resolvent modes. With reduced computational costs, these efforts have enabled the use of resolvent analysis in turbulent flows over spanwise periodic airfoils and expanded its applicability to triglobal problems and higher Reynolds number flows. With the randomized algorithm, we can use resolvent analysis to uncover the dynamics of 3-D flows over finite, swept, and tapered wings, supporting flow control efforts to improve their overall aerodynamic performance.The present study has shown how to develop a 3-D resolvent-based flow control over finite wings. We initiate by studying flows over finite wings and the effects of wing sweep and taper on the post-stall wake dynamics through direct numerical simulations (DNS). We consider laminar flows at chord-based Reynolds numbers of 400 and 600 with weak compressible effects at a freestream Mach number 0.1. The flows are studied around wings at angles of attack between 14 and 30 degrees with semi aspect ratios ranging from 1 to 4, sweep angles up to 50 degrees, and taper ratios from 0.27 to 1. Following a comprehensive characterization of the wake dynamics through DNS results, we extend our knowledge of the dynamics of flow perturbations by analyzing the triglobal resolvent modes. Through the identification of the optimal harmonic perturbations that can be amplified in the flow field, we develop 3-D active flow control that is shown to significantly modify the wake structures around the wings. This comprehensive investigation provides novel and unique insights that reveal the flow structures that can be amplified in the wake and modify their dynamics in post-stall flow conditions.

The molecular recognition of DNA by novel heterocycles

Marques, Michael Anthony California Institute of Technology 2005 해외박사(DDOD)

소속기관이 구독 중이 아닌 경우 오후 4시부터 익일 오전 9시까지 원문보기가 가능합니다.

With a rapid movement toward personalized genetic medicine, tailoring treatment to individual patient needs based each one's genetic code is becoming an important goal. The ability to develop small molecules capable of reprogramming the cellular machinery at the genetic level is one approach to the difficult challenge of treating diseases that result from aberrant gene expression. Inspired by the architecture of the natural products netropsin and distamycin, polyamides are capable of binding the DNA minor groove with high affinity and fidelity. Originally composed of 5-membered heterocyclic carboxamides, polyamides have evolved in both form and function. A search has been initiated to develop new DNA specific oligomers that have different electronic and geometric properties. Alteration of these properties may lead to a new class of compounds, capable of targeting DNA sequences that have previously been shown to be difficult to recognize. Second-generation compounds containing novel heterocyclic recognition elements, within the context of both 5-membered heterocyclic carboxamides and fused 6-5 benzimidazole analogues, have recently been developed. These molecules have successful DNA recognition profiles as well as favorable cell uptake properties, important considerations when searching for effective pharmacophores. These new classes of rationally designed oligomers offer one approach to the challenging problem of regulating gene expression.

Asset markets, information, and welfare: Essays in applied international economics

Marques, Luis B University of Rochester 2007 해외박사(DDOD)

소속기관이 구독 중이 아닌 경우 오후 4시부터 익일 오전 9시까지 원문보기가 가능합니다.

The purpose of this dissertation is to provide quantified results on the forecasting of exchange rates movements and on its welfare costs. I start by presenting a model of equity trading with informed and uninformed investors where informed investors trade on firm-specific and marketwide private information. The model is used to identify the component of order flow due to marketwide private information. Estimated trades driven by marketwide private information show little or no correlation with the first principal component in order flow, suggesting that co-movement in order flow captures mostly variation in liquidity trades. Marketwide private information obtained from equity market data forecasts industry stock returns and forecasts currency returns consistent with Evans and Lyons' model of exchange rate determination. I assess the costs to consumers of exchange rate depreciations using dynamic equilibrium models. I first look at a depreciation of the US dollar against the euro and its cost to US consumers by calibrating a simple two-country stochastic endowment economy with trade in goods and financial assets and exogenous variations in the exchange rate. The welfare loss coming from the trade channel translates into the relatively higher price that consumers have to pay for imports. The asset channel effect arises from three sources. One is the traditional valuation effect associated with US debt being denominated mostly in dollars. The other two effects are: (1) the dollar value of investors net worth, mostly denominated in local currency, increases more in Europe than in the US; (2) asset prices change, causing a portfolio rebalancing effect which results in a fall in the share of world assets owned by the US. I show that a temporary 10% dollar depreciation, with a half-life of one year, causes a 0.25% decrease in US lifetime aggregate consumption. The cost to consumers of permanent depreciation is calculated from the perspective of a bloc of Central and Eastern European Countries when joining the European Monetary Union at a conversion rate depreciated by 20%. I solve a calibrated small open economy model with trade in bonds and equity and estimate a loss of approximately 1.65% of lifetime consumption.

Political Institutions and Preferences for Social Policy in the Post-communist World

Marques, Israel, II Columbia University 2016 해외박사(DDOD)

소속기관이 구독 중이 아닌 경우 오후 4시부터 익일 오전 9시까지 원문보기가 가능합니다.

Who supports social policy in the developing world? Most of what we know about micro-level preferences for social policy comes from well-developed, wealthy countries of the OECD, where governments can credibly commit to policy enforcement and implementation. This dissertation explores preferences for social policy in post-communist countries, where weak constraints on the state challenge the welfare state. In doing so, it provides novel insights both into social policy debates in these countries and the coalitions which support (or oppose) social policy. I argue that support for social policy depends on how institutions shape the expectations of actors about the costs they pay into social policy programs versus future benefits. I draw on existing theories of political economy to propose four mechanisms---misappropriation, contract enforcement, free-riding, and macro-economic risk---that alter the distribution of winners and losers from social policy. Misappropriation stems from officials' ability to divert funding away from intended uses. While for most this imposes dead-weight costs on social policy, where institutions are poor. the politically well-connected can benefit from diverted funds to decrease social policy costs. The contract enforcement mechanism emerges due to the inability of weakly constrained states to enforce contracts. Predictions are similar to misappropriation, but actors also cannot trust other private actors with control of social policy. Free-riding emerges when bureaucrats are unwilling to expend effort to ensure tax compliance. Again, this imposes dead-weight costs on most, but garners support from tax evaders, who can free-ride. Finally, the macro-economic risk mechanism suggests that macro-economic volatility is heightened in settings with weak institutions, which increases both individual risk and support for social policy. The empirical portion of the dissertation tests the observable implications of each of these mechanisms. Chapter 2 provides a first-cut, cross-national test of part of the argument using micro-level data from a cross-national survey of 28 post-communist countries. I draw on work on informality in the post-communist world to identify individual characteristics associated with tax evasion to test the free-rider mechanism. Consistent with it, I show that those associated with evasion support social policy more where institutions are weaker. Chapter 3 posits that if the mechanisms I propose matter, actors will appeal to the logic of my theory during concrete reform debates. I test this using evidence from the 2001 pension reforms in Russia. I combine analysis of the legislative debates surrounding reform with in-depth content analysis of the Russian media, which draws on an original dataset of all mentions of reform in 352 Russian newspapers, journals, and trade magazines. I show that all four mechanisms were indeed major concerns. Chapter 4 tests the theory at the firm level, using a survey of 666 Russian firms to look at preferences where institutional quality is weak. I test whether firms that I predict support the welfare state in such settings---those with political connections and a comparative advantage in hiding from the authorities---actually do so. In addition to providing some support for the misappropriation and free-riding mechanisms, this chapter is a contribution in its own right: it is among the first to use surveys to study firms' preferences for social policy. Finally, chapter 5 uses a survey experiment conducted on 1600 respondents to attempt to understand the ceteris paribus effect of institutions on the average individual. Using a simple framing experiment, I provide three different treatment groups with information about bribery, tax evasion, and the extent to which private pension funds commit fraud to test the misappropriation, free-riding, and contract enforcement mechanisms, respectively. The chapter offers mixed evidence. The dissertation makes contributions to both the study of the welfare state and the political economy of institutions and investment. First, the dissertation explores preferences for social policy in the developing world and introduces institutional quality concerns to this literature. My work particularly focuses attention on the ways certain groups can abuse social policy to pass costs onto others, adding nuance to existing understandings of who benefits from social policy. Second, it advances our understanding of how institutional quality shapes economic decision making and provides evidence as to how different pathologies of poor institutions shape economic decisions.

The effect of study abroad on the acquisition of word order with intransitive verbs in L2 Spanish

Marques Pascual, Laura University of California, Davis 2007 해외박사(DDOD)

소속기관이 구독 중이 아닌 경우 오후 4시부터 익일 오전 9시까지 원문보기가 가능합니다.

This dissertation examines the effect of two different study-abroad experiences on the second language acquisition of Spanish word order with intransitive verbs in different discourse contexts by English native speakers. Data were collected from 65 university-level L2 learners at different levels of proficiency (beginner, intermediate and advanced) and with different study-abroad experiences (i.e. no experience, a quarter and a semester). An oral corpus was collected from two different tasks: a structured interview and a video retelling task designed to elicit the use of unaccusative and unergative verbs in different discourse contexts. Transcripts from these oral tasks were analyzed for all the VS/SV orders produced with intransitive verbs, which were in turn classified according to discourse context and the information status of the subject (i.e. neutral context, focus subject or topic subject). The data indicate that beginner and intermediate learners display only isolated cases uses of post-verbal subjects and that only those learners at an advanced level of proficiency and with abroad experience produced SV inversions with unaccusative verbs with any consistency. Furthermore, the results show a pattern of late acquisition for the different word order possibilities in Spanish, since only the advanced learners with a semester of study-abroad experience produced SV inversions with unaccusatives at rates similar to those produced by the native speakers. These results are consistent with a usage-based theory of second language learning: L2 development of the use of different word orders in Spanish is the result of transfer, item learning, and frequency effects in the input to which learners are exposed.

IDENTIFICATION OF SCHISTOSOMA MANSONI FUCOSYLTRANSFERASES AND THEIR EVALUATION AS THERAPEUTIC TARGETS (IMINOSUGARS)

MARQUES, ERNESTO T. AZEVEDO THE JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY 1999 해외박사(DDOD)

소속기관이 구독 중이 아닌 경우 오후 4시부터 익일 오전 9시까지 원문보기가 가능합니다.

The fucosylated glycoconjugates of the parasite <italic>Schistosoma mansoni </italic> are directly involved in many important aspects of the parasite's life cycle, as well as in the pathogenesis associated with <italic>Schistosoma </italic> infection. Therefore, the enzymes involved in the synthesis of these fucosylated carbohydrates are promising targets for the development of new therapies. The presence of fucosyltransferase activities was investigated in various developmental stages of <italic>Schistosoma mansoni</italic> by the use of a new enzymatic assay which takes advantage of the resolution of fluorophore-assisted carbohydrate electrophoresis and the sensitivity of phosphoimager detection of radioactive fucose. The total fucosyltransferase specific activity in egg extracts was 50-fold higher than in the other live-stages tested, and the presence of putative fucosyltransferases with α1,3 and α1,2 activities and a low level of α1,4 activity was determined. A molecular probe was used to isolate one fucosyltransferase of <italic> Schistosoma mansoni</italic> with a DNA sequence similarity of 84.6% and 63.7% to mouse and human fucosyltransferase type VII. The enzymatic activity of this SmFuc-T fucosyltransferase was shown to catalyze the synthesis of the sialo-Lewis<super>x</super> (SLe<super>x</super>) structure <italic>in vitro </italic> and <italic>in vivo</italic>. Since the presence of sialic acid in schistosomes has not been clearly demonstrated, the developmental expression of the SmFuc-T in schistosomes was investigated in order to help elucidate the role played by the enzyme <italic>in vivo</italic>. The enzymatic activity of the fucosyltransferase during specific life stages of the parasite was determined <italic>in vitro</italic> using sialylated acceptor sugars. The enzymatic activity was about 100-fold higher in egg extracts than in adults or cercariae. A peak that co-migrated with a sialic acid standard was identified in egg membranes by high-performance anion exchange chromatography (HPAEC-AD); this peak was abolished by treatment with neuraminic acid aldolase, suggesting that the SLe<super>x</super> epitope may be present on schistosome eggs. The effect of fucose-type iminosugars on schistosome fucosyltransferases was then investigated <italic>in vitro</italic> and <italic>in vivo</italic>. Fucose-type 1-N-iminosugars were 4 to 6-fold more potent inhibitors of the schistosome fucosyltransferases <italic>in vitro</italic> than were the conventional deoxyfuconojirimycin iminosugars. 1-N-Iminosugar A at a concentration of 5 μM was able to block the expression of the pathogenic fucosylated epitope recognized by mAb 128C3/3 in adult worms <italic>in vivo</italic>. The mAb 128C3/3 was also found to reduce the worm burden in infected mice by 48.5% in a passive transfer experiment strongly suggesting that the carbohydrate target of this mAb is a viable candidate antigen for the development of an anti-schistosome vaccine.

Quality aspects of cultured Gulf of Mexico sturgeon, Ancipenser oxyrhynchus desotoi, as a potential food commodity

Marques de Oliveira, Alexandra Correa University of Florida 2001 해외박사(DDOD)

소속기관이 구독 중이 아닌 경우 오후 4시부터 익일 오전 9시까지 원문보기가 가능합니다.

Hormone-induced ovulation and spawning of Gulf sturgeon occurred in 1989 at a hatchery located on the Suwannee River in Florida. During subsequent years, the University of Florida in conjunction with the US Fish and Wildlife Service and Caribbean Conservation Corporation, produced about 60,000 fry for fish culture programs. The first objective of this study was to investigate rigor mortis in Gulf sturgeon. A video capture method was developed to monitor rigor mortis in whole fish. The method was able to determine onset and resolution of rigor in Gulf sturgeon, as well as to provide insight into pattern of rigor development over time. The second objective was to determine the influence of diet type on the quality (defined as rigor, color, appearance, taste and mouthfeel, composition, and fatty acid profile) of Gulf sturgeon fillets as a food commodity. Three commercial diets with different fat contents were used during feeding trials at the Gulf sturgeon demonstration farm facility (University of Florida, Blountstown, FL). Fish were received live at the Food Science and Human Nutrition Department at the University of Florida during the summer of 1999 (Gainesville, FL). Sensory panels to evaluate the taste and appearance, color studies over storage, proximate analysis and fatty acid composition were conducted to determine the most suitable diet. Feeding Gulf sturgeon with trout diet, containing the highest percent fat, resulted in the highest ratio of ω3/ω6 fatty acids found in sturgeons included in the study. However, trout diet imparted a yellow-orange coloration to the fish muscle, which was unappealing to consumers. Feeding Gulf sturgeon with catfish diet, containing the lowest fat content, results in a poor fatty acid profile, which is markedly different from the fatty acid profile of wild sturgeon muscle. Fillets from sturgeons fed hybrid bass diet performed well on consumer sensory panels for taste and appearance, and the fatty acid profile was similar to the profile of fillets from fish fed trout diet. Nonetheless, there was no detrimental pigmentation of the muscle due to feed. It was concluded that among the diets investigated, hybrid bass is the most suitable to feed cultured Gulf sturgeons.

TOURSTORY: A Design Project focused on Contemporary Souvenirs

Marques, Pereira Joana Hongik University 2019 국내석사

이 프로젝트의 관한 논문의 기반은 기념품의 중요성을 문화의 교류 대상으로 삼아, 오늘날 한국을 방문하는 세계의 관광객을 위해, 한국 고유의 문화적 전통을 보다 쉽고, 더욱 깊이 있게 이해 할 수 있는 디자인을 만드는 것을 목표로 합니다. 대부분의 기념품 연구가 주로 관광 산업 내에서의 구매 행위에 초점을 두었지만,기념품의 디자인적 요소는 잘 연구가 되지 않았습니다. 거의 가능 한한 모든 것들이 디지털화 되어가는 시대에 살고 있지만 ,아직도 기념품과 같은 관광상품은 개인의 직접적인 경험과 장소 등 여러가지 요소로 인해 디지털화 되기가 쉽지 않았습니다. 하지만 세계가 4차 산업 혁명으로 넘어 가면서 디자인과 기술의 경계가 흐려지면서 디자인의 역 활이 더욱 중요하게 되었습니다. 저는 이 논문을 통해 기술이 어떻게 기념품 경험을 변화시킬 수 있는지 연구하기 시작했습니다. 관광 산업 집중도가 높은 지역에 대한 관광객의 관찰 및 외국인 거주자 및 한국인 여행자 모두에게 구조화 및 비정형 화 된 조사를 실시했습니다. 또한 샤르자 대학 (University of Sharjah) 및 IDAS 학생들과 함께 실시한 워크숍 은이 연구에 대한 더 많은 도움을 주었습니다. 이 논문 전반에 걸쳐, 세계에서 가장 유명한 기념품이 당시에 사용 가능한 기술에 따라 어떻게 디자인되었는지 이해하기 위해 몇 가지 사례 연구를 제시합니다. 이러한 연구를 통해 얻은 결과로 현대적인 기념품에 중점을 둔 디자인 프로젝트 인 "TOURSTORY"개발을 위한 프레임 워크 역할을 했습니다. Taking the importance of souvenir as a cross-cultural exchange object as a symbol of the place of origin, this project-based thesis aims to further understand the importance of designing intrinsic cultural references for global audiences today. While most souvenir studies have been focused mainly on the purchase behavior within the tourism industry, the role of souvenir within design is still poorly understood. In the all-digital world, travel objects such as souvenirs are yet to become obsolete due to the importance of being something physical that carries the meaning of a place through personal narratives. However, as the world transitions to the 4th industrial revolution, design and technology’s borders have been blurred, thus paving a way for enhanced design experiences. With this thesis I set out to explore how can technology transform souvenirs. Various techniques of data recollection were put in place such as the observation of tourism shops in the city of Seoul; observation of people on areas of high tourism concentration; structured and unstructured surveys conducted to both locals, foreign residents and travelers in South Korea. Additionally, a Workshop conducted with the students from University of Sharjah and IDAS helped further on this research. Throughout this thesis, several case-studies will be presented, aiming to understand how some of the world’s most famous souvenirs were designed according to the available technology at the time. This knowledge served as a framework for the development of “TOURSTORY” – a design project focused on contemporary souvenirs.

Measurement of the K-line intensity ratios in muonic hydrogen between 0.25 and 150 torr gas pressure

Marques, Rui Ferreira [s.n.] 1982 국내박사