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Kipling and Conrad: A Look from Different Angles of Empire
Marek Zaleski 19세기영어권문학회 2005 19세기 영어권 문학 Vol.9 No.3
A short and passing remark on the difference between his and Kipling's writing made by Conrad in the letter to Henri D. Davray of 26th January 1908 gives one food for thought. Conrad says there that Kipling is “a national” writer and that he “tells about his compatriots,” but he himself, he “writes for them.” This remark of Conrad's I examine in my essay. The difference between Kipling's “talking” and Conrad's “writing” is located in rhetorical level, but what is rhetorical gains philosophical dimension. The difference between Kipling's “speaking” and Conrad's “writing” captures the difference of their discourses and seals the literary rank of their writings. This difference is visible in the modes of narratives they use: in Kipling's it manifests itself in the way he affirms the symbols and rites of the community, in Conrad's in the manner he puts them in doubt or questions them. Just as Rudyard Kipling's Anglo-Indianness saved him from being a die-hard imperialist, so Joseph Conrad's distrust of conventional wisdom made him alien to the idea of Empire. “Imperial” Kipling shows himself to be a proponent and a precursor of the melting pot community theory. New readings of Kipling's texts change opinions of his writing commonly expressed by some established critics of imperial discourse. I discuss this discourse on Conrad's writings too, to conclude that it is impossible to regard Heart of Darkness to be a novella written “from the imperialists' point of view.”
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