http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
Impact of emergency cash assistance on gender relations in the tribal areas of Pakistan
Asif Iqbal DAWAR,Marcos FARIAS FERREIRA 이화여자대학교 한국여성연구원 2021 Asian Journal of Women's Studies(AJWS) Vol.27 No.3
This paper seeks to make a contribution to the discussion on the consequences of social change brought about by relief programs in humanitarian contexts. It examines the extent to which the Unconditional Cash Transfer (UCT) program (2014–2016) in the Pakistani tribal district of North Waziristan (NW) has influenced patriarchal gender norms in the region, in transforming perceptions about what men and women can do and on changing gender relations. Through interviews conducted in the field between 2017 and 2019, we examine the positive, albeit limited, impact on society and conclude that our study enabled a better understanding of micro practices and processes that challenge the patriarchal structure of society and the norms that sustain it. We illustrate how such processes have started to influence patriarchal norms by improving women’s status both at home and in the community, eventually leading to a shift in traditional perceptions and constructions of gender relations. Although these changes do appear significant, gender equality will continue to face tough challenges in the region and its consolidation depends on the collective efforts of development stakeholders to support unconditional, gender sensitive relief programs that transcend immediate humanitarian and post-humanitarian concerns.
Mauro Cosme de Carvalho Góes,Marcos Paulo Ribeiro Garcez,Andréa Roberta Ferreira Siqueira,Thiago Palhares Farias,Claudemir Gomes de Santana,Jonas de Jesus Gomes da Costa Neto,Cicero Wellington Brito B 한국화학공학회 2021 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.38 No.8
Textile wastewaters currently remain as one of the major sources of environmental pollution. In addition to the presence of several recalcitrant species, the volume of the effluent to be treated is usually quite high, due to the excessive consumption of water in this kind of processing. To avoid all the negative impacts associated with the discharge of these untreated effluents, effective remediation techniques should be applied. Although there are currently several methods available, due to complexity and volume of the wastewater, combined technologies can provide better efficiency, lower cost and less time consumption. In this work, electrocoagulation (EC) combined with the conventional flocculation process was studied for the removal of methylene blue dye (MB) in aqueous medium. Under specific EC conditions (4 pairs of electrodes, 2.5 cm spacing, electrolysis time of 203min, pHinitial 4, 32 V, 1.5 A) it was possible to remove 63% of the dye. Combining EC with conventional flocculation, a notable reduction in electrolysisrequired time (203 to 60 min), dye (99.8%), color (100%) and turbidity (99.2%) was observed.