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Ethiopian Federalism in Accommodating Ethnic Diversity: 23 Years Experience
테메스겐 멘도(Temesgen Mendo ),소남 만수카니(Sonam Mansukhani ) 영남대학교 박정희새마을연구원 2022 새마을학연구 Vol.7 No.1
이 논문은 인종 다양성을 수용하는 에티오피아 연방주의에 대한 이해를 통해 민족 기반 연방주의와 소수 민족의 권리를 설명하고, 이를 바탕으로 연방주의의 채택이 에티오피아에서 서비스 제공을 촉진할 수 있는 방법제시에 목적이 있다. 연구를 위해 양적 및 질적 연구 방법론적 접근을 시도하였다. 오로미아, 남부 국가, 국적, 국민(SNNP), 소말리아, 시다마 지역과 아디스아바바 시 행정부에서 온 384 명을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시했으며, 64 명의 국회의원, 학계, 정부 관료를 대상으로 인터뷰를 실시하였다. 이를 통해 에티오피아 연방주의의 인종적 다양성 수용을 발견할 수 있었다. 민족, 국적, 국민은 자신의 문화와 언어를 개발할 권리의 인정은 명시적, 암묵적으로 인정되었을 뿐만 아니라 연방주의는 소수민족을 인정하고 보호하고 있었다. This article examines the practices of Ethiopian federalism in accommodating ethnic diversity. It then describes ethnic-based federalism and the rights of ethnic minorities. Consequently, it explores how the adoption of federalism can foster service delivery in Ethiopia. Both quantitative and qualitative research methodological approaches were deployed for the study. Three hundred eighty-four citizens from Oromia, South Nation, Nationality, and People (SNNP), Somali, and Sidama regions and Addis Ababa city Administration were selected for survey questionnaires, and 64 key informants from legislators, Academician, government officials, and political parties were involved in interview questions during the study. The result of the findings shows that Ethiopian federalism accommodates ethnic diversity. Federalism has recognized, and protected ethnic minorities; nations, nationalities, and people have the right to develop their own cultures and languages. Federalism has a high contribution to enhancing service delivery in the local administrative system and has a positive effect on regional development in Ethiopia.
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Tran, Mai Hoang,Seo, Eunjeong,Min, Soohong,Nguyen, Quynh‐,Anh T.,Choi, Juyong,Lee, Uk‐,Jin,Hong, Soon‐,Sun,Kang, Hyuk,Mansukhani, Alka,Jou, Ilo,Lee, Sang Yoon John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2018 JOURNAL OF CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR MEDICINE Vol.22 No.9
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>Phosphatidylinositol 4‐phosphate 5‐kinase (PIP5K) family members generate phosphatidylinositol 4,5‐bisphosphate (PIP2), a critical lipid regulator of diverse physiological processes. The PIP5K‐dependent PIP2 generation can also act upstream of the oncogenic phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway. Many studies have demonstrated various mechanisms of spatiotemporal regulation of PIP5K catalytic activity. However, there are few studies on regulation of PIP5K protein stability. Here, we examined potential regulation of PIP5Kα, a PIP5K isoform, via ubiquitin‐proteasome system, and its implication for breast cancer. Our results showed that the ubiquitin ligase NEDD4 (neural precursor cell expressed, developmentally down‐regulated gene 4) mediated ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of PIP5Kα, consequently reducing plasma membrane PIP2 level. NEDD4 interacted with the C‐terminal region and ubiquitinated the N‐terminal lysine 88 in PIP5Kα. In addition, PIP5Kα gene disruption inhibited epidermal growth factor (EGF)‐induced Akt activation and caused significant proliferation defect in breast cancer cells. Notably, PIP5Kα K88R mutant that was resistant to NEDD4‐mediated ubiquitination and degradation showed more potentiating effects on Akt activation by EGF and cell proliferation than wild‐type PIP5Kα. Collectively, these results suggest that PIP5Kα is a novel degradative substrate of NEDD4 and that the PIP5Kα‐dependent PIP2 pool contributing to breast cancer cell proliferation through PI3K/Akt activation is negatively controlled by NEDD4.</P>
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