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Biology of stratum corneum: tape stripping and protein quantification
( Ali Alikhan ),( Howard I. Maibach ) 한국피부장벽학회 2008 한국피부장벽학회지 Vol.10 No.1
Spanning a half century, tape stripping is an effective, relatively noninvasive method to harvest stratum corneum, calculate its thickness in vivo, and determine the penetration of topical agents. Several methods to quantify protein have been described. These include traditional gravimetric methods, as well as novel colorimetric and visible spectroscopic techniques. Recently, a colorimetric method was effectively utilized to determine keratolytic efficacy in vivo, further demonstrating endless roles for this tried-but-true method. Much remains to be learned about the roles of this thin but functionally complex membrane.
Stratum corneun decontamination: Overview & clinical perspective
( Heidi P. Chan ),( Hong Bo Zhai ),( Howard I. Maibach ) 한국피부장벽학회 2008 한국피부장벽학회지 Vol.10 No.2
The stratum corneum(SC), being the outermost layer of the skin and constantly exposed to the environment, is always at risk for contamination. SC decontamination models & methods and their implications as well as variables influencing the effectiveness of decontamination such as timing of decontamination and chemical nature of decontaminating solutions are analyzed. These models offer promise of an enhanced understanding of mechanisms involved and development of more effective interventions.
Erythromycin dermal delivery by MoS2 nanoflakes
Abareshi Afsaneh,Samadi Naghmeh,Houshiar Mahboubeh,Nafisi Shohreh,Maibach Howard I. 한국약제학회 2021 Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation Vol.51 No.6
Objective This study developed a novel MoS2 nanoflakes platform for the drug delivery (erythromycin) into the skin. Method MoS2 nanoflakes were synthesized using one-step hydrothermal method and characterized for the structural and optical properties by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and Ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopies. Then, the photothermal experiment was performed for the MoS2 sample with the concentrations (100, 200, 300, and 400 ppm). Results The highest photothermal heat was produced in the sample with 400 ppm concentration. Erythromycin loaded MoS2 nanoflakes (ERY/MoS2) were successfully prepared by the different ratios of ERY to MoS2 nanoflakes (1:1, 2:1, 3:1, 4:1, and 5:1). ERY/MoS2 with the ratio of 5:1 showed the highest entrapment efficiency (EE%) (62.8%) which was selected as the optimized formulation. The sample was further studied for in-vitro ERY release and ex-vivo skin permeation patterns with and without the laser irradiation (808 nm). Results indicated that in the presence of near-infrared (NIR) laser radiation (1 W/cm2), the optimized ERY/MoS2 sample showed a controlled drug release of 47.3% through a silicon membrane which reached a sustained flux of 201.83 μg/cm2 through human skin after 24 h. Conclusion MoS2 nanoflakes with an appropriate sustained release pattern were suggested as suitable carriers in the dermal drug delivery system for ERY.