The application of augmented reality for improving clinical skills: a scoping review

Mahmud Mahmud,Sari Dwi Cahyani Ratna,Sari Djayanti,Arfian Nur,Zucha Muhammad Ary 한국의학교육학회 2024 Korean journal of medical education Vol.36 No.1

Augmented reality technology had developed rapidly in recent years and had been applied in many fields, including medical education. Augmented reality had potential to improve students’ knowledge and skills in medical education. This scoping review primarily aims to further elaborate the current studies on the implementation of augmented reality in advancing clinical skills. This study was conducted by utilizing electronic databases such as PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science in June 2022 for articles focusing on the use of augmented reality for improving clinical skills. The Rayyan website was used to screen the articles that met the inclusion criteria, which was the application of augmented reality as a learning method in medical education. Total of 37 articles met the inclusion criteria. These publications suggested that using augmented reality could improve clinical skills. The most researched topics explored were laparoscopic surgery skills and ophthalmology were the most studied topic. The research methods applied in the articles fall into two main categories: randomized control trial (RCT) (29.3%) and non-RCT (70.3%). Augmented reality has the potential to be integrated in medical education, particularly to boost clinical studies. Due to limited databases, however, any further studies on the implementation of augmented reality as a method to enhance skills in medical education need to be conducted.

Effect of Agricultural Exports and Imports on Economic Growth in Bangladesh: A Study on Agribusiness Supply Chain

Mostofa Mahmud HASAN(Mostofa Mahmud HASAN ),BM Sajjad HOSSAIN(BM Sajjad HOSSAIN ),Md. Abu SAYEM(Md. Abu SAYEM ),Mahnaz AFSAR(Mahnaz AFSAR ) 한국유통과학회 2022 유통과학연구 Vol.20 No.11

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of agricultural exports and imports on economic growth in Bangladesh and propose an upgraded and customized model of the supply chain for agribusiness growth in Bangladesh to achieve plain sailing and systematic operation and financial gains at home and abroad. Research design, data, and methodology: All data in the research have been collected from secondary sources. Gross domestic product was used as the dependent variable and exports and imports of agricultural products were used as independent variables. Pairwise Granger causality was utilized to see the impact of the variable responsible for the economic growth in Bangladesh and the causal relationship between the variables analyzed was measured using Johansen co-integration test. Results: From the empirical analysis, the researchers observed that agricultural commodity imports and exports have a unidirectional impact on economic growth in Bangladesh and a long-run causal link with economic growth in Bangladesh. The suggested supply chain model of agnbusiness aids in achieving smooth operations, systematic management, and monetary gains both domestically and internationally. Conclusions: This paper contnbutes to the development of a more effective and profitable agribusiness supply chain in Bangladesh systematically through their theoretical and practical implications.

Absorption Mechanism of a Physical Complex of Monomeric Insulin and Deoxycholyl-<small>l</small>-lysyl-methylester in the Small Intestine

Mahmud, Foyez,Jeon, Ok-Cheol,Al-Hilal, Taslim A.,Kweon, Seho,Yang, Victor C.,Lee, Dong Soo,Byun, Youngro American Chemical Society 2015 MOLECULAR PHARMACEUTICS Vol.12 No.6

<P>Currently, oral administration of insulin still remains the best option to avoid the burden of repeated subcutaneous injections and to improve its pharmacokinetics. The objective of the present investigation was to demonstrate the absorption mechanism of insulin in the physical complexation of deoxycholyl-<SMALL>l</SMALL>-lysyl-methylester (DCK) for oral delivery. The oral insulin/DCK complex was prepared by making a physical complex of insulin aspart with DCK through ion-pair interaction in water. For the cellular uptake study, fluorescein-labeled insulin or DCK were prepared according to a standard protocol and applied to Caco-2 or MDCK cell lines. For the PK/PD studies, we performed intrajejunal administration of different formulation of insulin/DCK complex to diabetic rats. The resulting insulin and DCK complex demonstrated greatly enhanced lipophilicity as well as increased permeation across Caco-2 monolayers. The immunofluorescence study revealed the distribution of the complex in the cytoplasm of Caco-2 cells. Moreover, in the apical sodium bile acid transporter (ASBT) transfected MDCK, the insulin/DCK complex showed interaction with ASBT, and also demonstrated absorption through passive diffusion. We could not find that any evidence of endocytosis in relation to the uptake of insulin complex in vitro. In the rat intestine model, the highest absorption of insulin complex was observed in the jejunum at 1 h and then in the ileum at 2–4 h. In PK/PD study, the complex showed a similar PK profile to that of SC insulin. Overall, the study showed that the effect of DCK on enhancing the absorption of insulin resulted from transcellular processes as well as bile acid transporter activity.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/mpohbp/2015/mpohbp.2015.12.issue-6/mp500626a/production/images/medium/mp-2014-00626a_0009.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/mp500626a'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>

The poetic of Place and the Language`s Formation: A study in Al Harafyesh`s Epic by Najyeb Mahfouz

( Mahmud Ahmad Abd Al-ghafar ) 한국아랍어아랍문학회 2016 아랍어와 아랍문학 Vol.20 No.3

There is no need to discuss that Najyeb Mahfouz is not just a great novelist but a great poet as well. It is true that he never published an anthology but his poetic style is clear and easy to be found within his novels. From this view point this paper aimed to find out the poetic style in his big novel " Al Harafysh`s Epic". The paper started with defining the concept "poetic", the way of using "place" and "time" in literature. Then it discussed the poetic style at that novel under these headlines: First: the poetic of text structure (the relation between this novel`s structure as an epic with the traditional classic old epics in Greek literature. This novel consists of 10 stories started with the main character "Ashour Al Najy" who came from a very low standard as a child that never knew his real parents struggled to be the strongest person in the area and to run it with justice and belief. After his death, the whole new generation from his family couldn’t be like him until the last story with last grandson "shams Al deen". The structure depended on the mysterious time that always came from the sound of Parisian odes, and mixing the real time with it. Second: the poetic of opposite couples (such as opposing words: epic/very poor and low social level people as in the title for example) Third: the poetic of intensification (every story has been divided into chapters, the beginning of each chapter was always written with a poetic style that look like a poem.) Fourth: the poetic of Parisian odes (the novel depended on the mysterious atmosphere that the Parisian sound brings every time we read that odes in specific chapter, this paper followed these odes and found out their relation with the main characters in every novel. the main ideas on which the text focuses to make the reader aware of themes like; life/ death, reality/ dream, justice/ injustice...etc. Fifth: the poetic of dreams (dreams always had relation with looking for justice in the whole text, from other side; dreams looked like the shadows of meaning for some big events before it happened.)

The symbolic significances of the place in the modern Arabic poetry in Egypt, Arabic Language & Literature

Mahmud Ahmad Abd Al Ghaffar 한국아랍어·아랍문학회 2008 아랍어와 아랍문학 Vol.12 No.2

Analysis of leakage factors affecting ECV performance in variable compressor

Mahmud, Md. Iqbal,Cho, Haeng Muk The Korean Society for Energy 2014 에너지공학 Vol.23 No.4

Solenoid operated electromagnetic control valve (ECV) using in an external variable displacement swash plate type compressor is widely used for air conditioning control system because of its low energy consumption and high efficient characteristics. ECV controls the entire vehicle air conditioning system by means of a pulse width modulation (PWM) system that supplied from an external controller. Different pressure ports located within ECV has important functions to control the air/refrigerant flow through its internal passages. The flow paths are preciously maintained with acceptable ranges of leakage (gap) between the parts inside it which is followed by effective design and critical dimensioning of its internal features. Therefore, it saves energy losses from the solenoid operation as well as ensures the balance of forces within it. The research paper highlights analysis of the leakages (at different pressure ports) and dimensioning tolerance factors that affects the ECV performance.

Analysis of forces in an automobile ECV using in external variable displacement swash plate type compressor for air conditioning control system

Mahmud, Md. Iqbal,Cho, Haeng Muk 대한기계학회 2014 KSME journal Vol. No.

To meet the demand of improved comfort for passengers, drive ability and standard in fuel economy; external variable displacement swash (wobble) plate type compressors are used in automobile air conditioning control system because of their low energy consumption and highly efficient characteristics. It controls the compressor displacement by increasing or reducing the swash plate angle. Solenoid operated electromagnetic control valve (ECV) in the compressor controls the air conditioning system by means of a pulse width modulation (PWM) input signal supplied from an external source (controller). The mechanism changes the swash plate angle by increasing or reducing the pressure of swash plate chamber using the ECV functions. The force (solenoid) for ECV operation is important as the force directly related to the movement of the internal feature i.e. mainly plunger of the ECV which is responsible for the amount of air/refrigerant flow that results the air conditioning control procedures with various pressure ports. The research paper highlights the improved theory and equation for calculating the working force (solenoid force) in ECV and experimental analysis of 3 (three) ECV samples followed by the comparison of theoretical and experimental force results.

Type three secretion system in non-toxigenic <i>Vibrio cholerae</i> O1, Mexico

Mahmud, Jamil,Rashed, Shah M.,Islam, Tarequl,Islam, Saiful,Watanabe, Haruo,Cravioto, Alejandro,Alam, Munirul Lippincott Williams Wilkins 2014 Journal of medical microbiology Vol.63 No.12

Gradient anneal of functionally graded NiTi

Mahmud, Abdus Samad,Liu, Yinong,Nam, Tae-hyun Institute of Physics Publishing 2008 Smart materials & structures Vol.17 No.1

<P>This paper reports on a novel heat treatment method for the creation of functionally graded near-equiatomic NiTi shape memory alloys. The method is an anneal within a temperature gradient after cold work, thus creating a structural gradient within the matrix of the alloy. It is based on the principle that the transformation behaviour and the thermomechanical properties of NiTi are sensitively dependent on the annealing temperature. For the Ti–50.2 at.% Ni alloy used, it was found that the gradient-anneal resulted in varying thermal transformation behaviour along its length and a unique Lüders-type deformation behaviour with a positive stress gradient. Such behaviour provides improved controllability for actuation applications.</P>

Oral pemetrexed facilitates low-dose metronomic therapy and enhances antitumor efficacy in lung cancer

Mahmud, Foyez,Jeon, Ok-Cheol,Alam, Farzana,Maharjan, Ruby,Choi, Jeong Uk,Park, Jooho,Lee, Sojung,Park, Jin Woo,Lee, Dong Soo,Byun, Youngro Elsevier 2018 Journal of controlled release Vol.284 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>There is a growing interest in preclinical research to consider low-dose metronomic chemotherapy as antiangiogenic cancer treatment. Oral metronomic therapy, in particular, has shown much promise with its ease of daily administration and higher therapeutics window. In that regard, we developed oral pemetrexed using the physical complex with the bile acid enhancers (DCK). In a caco-2 permeability study, the oral pemetrexed/DCK complex had significantly higher drug uptake, and inhibited efflux transporter activity as well. We further observed that the mechanism of oral drug uptake was related to transcellular along with bile acid transporter mediated pathways. The oral administration of drug complex in rats revealed high bioavailability (22.37%) and extended mean residence time. Using SCC7 and A549 xenograft models, we demonstrated that antitumor effects from daily oral metronomic pemetrexed significantly reduced tumor in a dose-dependent manner. The antitumor activity of oral pemetrexed/DCK complex plus cisplatin was superior to both monotherapies. The xenograft study also revealed that oral metronomic therapy markedly reduced microvessel density, proliferation and increased apoptosis in the tumor tissues. Oral metronomic doses were significantly correlated with the elevation of plasma deoxyuridine level, an essential biomarker for pemetrexed therapy. One-month toxicity study confirmed that daily dosing of oral pemetrexed is safe by investigating apoptosis in the gut tissues from mice. Moreover, we analyzed different biochemical parameters and enzymes from the blood to prove that our newly developed oral pemetrexed complex is well tolerated.</P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>