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Morphological and Antomical Variations of cajanus cajan(Linn.) Huth Raised in Cadmium-Rich Soil
Khudsar, Tarannum,Mahmooduzzafar,Soh, Woong Young,Iqbal, Muhammad 한국식물학회 2000 Journal of Plant Biology Vol.43 No.3
Different concentrations of cadmium in the growing media affected morphological parameters of Cajanus cajan. Over time, the amount of increase in shoot and root lengths, number of branches and leaves per plant, single and total leaf areas, and dry mass of leaves, was significantly lower for treated plants compared with controls. The root-shoot length ratio, which varied little over time, was relatively low for the treated plants. Although dry mass of both stems and roots increased, the rates were considerably low under Cd stress. The root-shoot dry mass ratio in the controls was highest during flowering and lowest in the post-flowering stage, but continually declined over time for the stressed plants. Compared with the controls, treated plants had fewer pods, with the number decreasing as the Cd concentration increased. Cd content was greater in roots than in stems or leaves, and leaves had greater amounts than did stems at higher doses. For all plants, the width and density of vessel elements and the length of fibers in the wood of stems and roots increased with plant age. However, the rate of increase was generally lower in the treated plants, the difference being more pronounced with higher doses of Cd. This indicated a reduced ascent of sap and, hence, less available water for tissues in treated plants.
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Dhir, Bhupinder,Mahmooduzzafar,Siddiqi, Tariq Omar,Iqbal, Muhammdad 한국식물학회 2001 Journal of Plant Biology Vol.44 No.2
Fifty-day-old Cichorium intybus Linn, plants were exposed to 1 ppm sulfur dioxide gas, 2 h per day for 7 consecutive days. Their leaves as well as those from the control plants were sampled at pre-flowering, flowering, and post-flowering stages to study their morphological, physiological, and biochemical responses to SO_2 stress. The number, dimensions, area, and biomass of leaves were less in the treated plants. Length and width of stomatal apertures on both epidermises were greater for leaves exposed to SO_2. The Stomata were longer on the adaxial epidermis, but shorter on the abaxial epidermis, except at the pre-flowering stage. Stomatal widths varied widely. Compared with the controls, the abaxial epidermis on treated leaves showed consistently lower stomatal densities as well as stomatal indices. This was also true for the adaxial epidermis during the post-flowering stage. The photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance were reduced in the SO_2-exposed plants, but intercellular CO_2 concentrations increased at the pre-flowering stage and, subsequently, declined. Chlorophyll a, carotenoid, and total chlorophyll contents increased at the pre-flowering stage, and then decreased. The level of chlorophyll b was reduced throughout plant development compared with the untreated controls.
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Foliar Responses of Peristrophe bicalyculata to Coal Smoke Fnllution
Nighat, Farah,Mahmooduzzafar,Iqbal, Muhammad 한국식물학회 1999 Journal of Plant Biology Vol.42 No.3
Study of the foliar responses of Peristrophe bicalyculata (Reth) Nees to the pollution caused by thermal power plant emissions revealed that the stomatal size, pore length, density, and index, as well as the photosynthetic rate and total chlorophyll content were reduced in P. bicalyculata plants at the polluted site in pre-flowering, flowering as well as post-flowering stage of plant growth. Contrary to this, stomatal conductance increased at each stage. The intercellular level of carbon dioxide was raised in the pre-flowering and flowering stages but decreased later at the polluted site.
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