Structure, depositional age, and magmatism in the Sawtooth metamorphic complex, Idaho: Implications for cordilleran tectonics in the northern U.S.A

Ma, Chong University of Florida 2015 해외박사(DDOD)

U-Pb ages of detrital zircons from Sawtooth metamorphic complex (SMC) metapsammites yield age-spectra consisting of 1.87-1.67 Ga, 1.49-1.33 Ga, and 1.22- 1.02 Ga zircons for one group, and 2.79-2.65 Ga and 1.99-1.76 Ga zircons for the other group. These age-spectra are similar to those from some Cambrian and Middle Ordovician shelf strata of the U.S. Cordillera. These similarities and the presence of Cambrian detrital zircons suggest that the depositional age for the former group is Cambrian; Middle Ordovician strata provide a good match for the detrital zircon data of the latter group. These data indicate that Lower Paleozoic shelf strata of the Cordilleran passive margin were not removed from Idaho batholith region by strike-slip faulting. Geologic mapping across the SMC reveals alternating contraction- and shear-dominated domains. The contraction-dominated domains are north-south striking and comprise shallowly to steeply plunging upright folds and associated thrust faults. The shear-dominated domains are characterized by north-south striking, subvertical foliations and subhorizontal lineations. Pervasive kinematic indicators show a dextral sense of shearing. The structures across the two domains are compatible and kinematically linked, indicating they are broadly synchronous. Dating of syntectonic intrusives indicates that the SMC transpressional deformation occurred between ~91-87 and ~80 Ma, and had ended by ~73 Ma. The SMC transpressional zone is kinematically compatible and was coeval with deformation of the western Idaho shear zone, suggesting that they were parts of a regional transpressional system and that crustal deformation inboard of the continental margin contributed to northward orogen-parallel translation of accreted terranes during the Late Cretaceous. Zircon U-Pb ages and Hf isotopes of igneous rocks reveal four phases of magmatism in the SMC (~120 Ma, ~97-96 Ma, ~91-87 Ma, ~84-73 Ma). The sources and differentiation history of the magmas varied between these phases according to trace element compositions. Zircon Lu-Hf and whole-rock Sm-Nd isotopic data suggest that (1) the younger undeformed granitoids are more evolved and perhaps had Paleoproterozoic and Neoarchean sources, (2) the older magmatically foliated granitoids are less evolved and possibly had Mesoproterozoic (or younger) sources, and (3) the earliest phases (gabbro/mylonitic granitoids) are least evolved, possibly had a juvenile mantle source.

Statistical Methods for Multivariate Meta-Analysis of Diagnostic Tests

Ma, Xiaoye University of Minnesota 2015 해외박사(DDOD)

Accurate diagnosis is often the first step towards the treatment and prevention of disease. Many quantitative comparisons of diagnostic tests have relied on meta-analyses, which are statistical methods to synthesize all available information in various clinical studies. In addition, in order to effectively compare the growing number of diagnostic tests for a specific disease, innovative and efficient statistical methods to simultaneously compare multiple diagnostic tests are urgently needed for physicians and patients to make better decisions. In the literature of meta-analysis of diagnostic tests (MA-DT), discussions have been focused on statistical models under two scenarios: (1) when the reference test can be considered a gold standard, and (2) when the reference test cannot be considered a gold standard. We present an overview of statistical methods for MA-DT in both scenarios. This dissertation covers both conventional and advanced multivariate approaches for the first scenario, and a latent class random effects model when the reference test itself is imperfect. As study design and populations vary, the definition of disease status or severity could differ across studies. A trivariate generalized linear mixed model (TGLMM) has been proposed to account for this situation; however, its application is limited to cohort studies. In practice, meta-analytic data is often a mixture of cohort and case-control studies. In addition, some diagnostic accuracy studies only select a subset of samples to be verified by the reference test, which is known as potential source of partial verification bias in single studies. The impact of this bias on a meta-analysis has not been investigated. We propose a novel hybrid Bayesian hierarchical model to combine cohort and case-control studies, and correct partial verification bias at the same time. A recent paper proposed an intent-to-diagnose approach to handle non-evaluable index test results, and discussed several alternative approaches. However, no simulation studies have been conducted to test the performance of the methods. We propose an extended TGLMM to handle non-evaluable index test results, and examine the performance of the intent-to-diagnose approach, the alternative approaches, and the proposed approach by extensive simulation studies. To compare the accuracy of multiple tests in a single study, three designs are commonly used: 1) the multiple test comparison design; 2) the randomized design; and 3) the non-comparative design. Existing MA-DT methods have been focused on evaluating the performance of a single test by comparing it with a reference test. The increasing number of available diagnostic instruments for a disease condition and the different study designs being used have generated the need to develop an efficient and flexible meta-analysis framework to combine all designs for simultaneous inference. We develop a missing data framework and a Bayesian hierarchical model for network meta-analysis of diagnostic tests (NMA-DT), and offer key advantages over traditional MA-DT methods.

Canonical Correlation Analysis and Network Data Modeling: Statistical and Computational Properties

Ma, Zhuang ProQuest Dissertations & Theses University of Penn 2017 해외박사(DDOD)

Classical decision theory evaluates an estimator mostly by its statistical properties, either the closeness to the underlying truth or the predictive ability for new observations. The goal is to find estimators to achieve statistical optimality. Modern "Big Data" applications, however, necessitate efficient processing of large-scale ("big-n-big-p'") datasets, which poses great challenge to classical decision-theoretic framework which seldom takes into account the scalability of estimation procedures. On the one hand, statistically optimal estimators could be computationally intensive and on the other hand, fast estimation procedures might suffer from a loss of statistical efficiency. So the challenge is to kill two birds with one stone. This thesis brings together statistical and computational perspectives to study canonical correlation analysis (CCA) and network data modeling, where we investigate both the optimality and the scalability of the estimators. Interestingly, in both cases, we find iterative estimation procedures based on non-convex optimization can significantly reduce the computational cost and meanwhile achieve desirable statistical properties. In the first part of the thesis, motivated by the recent success of using CCA to learn low-dimensional feature representations of high-dimensional objects, we propose novel metrics which quantify the estimation loss of CCA by the excess prediction loss defined through a prediction-after-dimension-reduction framework. These new metrics have rich statistical and geometric interpretations, which suggest viewing CCA estimation as estimating the subspaces spanned by the canonical variates. We characterize, with minimal assumptions, the non-asymptotic minimax rates under the proposed error metrics, especially how the minimax rates depend on the key quantities including the dimensions, the condition number of the covariance matrices and the canonical correlations. Finally, by formulating sample CCA as a non-convex optimization problem, we propose an efficient (stochastic) first order algorithm which scales to large datasets. In the second part of the thesis, we propose two universal fitting algorithms for networks (possibly with edge covariates) under latent space models: one based on finding the exact maximizer of a convex surrogate of the non-convex likelihood function and the other based on finding an approximate optimizer of the original non-convex objective. Both algorithms are motivated by a special class of inner-product models but are shown to work for a much wider range of latent space models which allow the latent vectors to determine the connection probability of the edges in flexible ways. We derive the statistical rates of convergence of both algorithms and characterize the basin-of-attraction of the non-convex approach. The effectiveness and efficiency of the non-convex procedure is demonstrated by extensive simulations and real-data experiments.

Pathogenicity and transmissibility of novel influenza viruses

Ma, Jingjiao Kansas State University 2015 해외박사(DDOD)

Influenza A virus (IAV) is an enveloped, segmented, negative-sense RNA virus that infects avian species and mammals. Its segmented feature enables antigenic shift which can generate novel IAVs that pose a threat to animal and public health due to lack of immunity to these viruses. Pigs have been considered the "mixing vessels" of influenza A viruses to generate novel reassortant viruses that may threaten animal and public health. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the pathogenicity and transmissibility of newly emerged reassortant viruses in swine. Adding to this complexity is the newly identified bat influenza A-like viruses which have roused interest in understanding the evolutionary history and pandemic potential of bat influenza. At least 10 different genotypes of novel reassortant H3N2 IAVs with gene(s) from 2009 pandemic H1N1 [A(H1N1)pdm09] have been identified in pigs in the United States. To date, only three genotypes of these viruses have been evaluated in animal models leaving the pathogenicity and transmissibility of the other seven genotype viruses unknown. We showed that reassortant viruses with genes from A(H1N1)pdm09 are pathogenic and transmissible in pigs. Further studies showed that avian-like glycine at position 228 of the HA receptor binding site is responsible for inefficient transmission of the reassortant H3N2 IAV with five A(H1N1)pdm09 genes. Studying the recently discovered IAV-like sequences from bats has been hindered by the lack of live virus isolation or culturing. Using synthetic genomics, we successfully rescued modified bat influenza viruses that had the HA and NA coding regions replaced with two classical IAVs. Additional studies were performed with truncations on NS1 protein and substitution of a putative virulence mutation in bat influenza PB2. Virus reassortment experiments demonstrated that bat influenza has limited genetic and protein compatibility with other influenza viruses; however, it readily reassorts with another divergent bat influenza virus. Taken together, our results provide insights into the pathogenicity and transmissibility of novel reassortant H3N2 IAVs in pigs. It also indicates that the bat influenza viruses recently identified are viable viruses that pose little pandemic threat to humans. Moreover, they provide new insights into the evolution and basic biology of influenza viruses.

Redefining the role of international staff in international development : how inappropriate insider-outsider role definitions perpetuate structural violence in East Africa and the West

Noé, Maëlle Korea University 2015 국내석사

The purpose of this research was to analyze the causes and impacts of interpersonal relations issues between national and international staff in international development NGOs. The bulk of the data gathering was done over the course of 5.5 weeks in the East African region, in the cities of Nairobi (Kenya), Dar es Salaam (Tanzania), Bujumbura (Burundi), Kigali (Rwanda), and Goma (Democratic Republic of Congo). The researcher used the grounded theory method and interviewed 17 staff from nine different organizations, 15 of which were national staff. The data was gathered through semi-structured interviews, informal conversations, facilitating conflict resolution skills trainings, and observations. The researcher found that the implicit role differentiation between national and international staff was not consistent with the potential value added of international staff. Rather, international staff roles impeded on national staffs’ value added as insiders, and in doing so negatively impacted development efforts, mainly by investing in solutions to the wrong problems. This devaluation of national staff perspectives, reducing them to implementers rather than owners and designers of their country’s development, was the result of both structural and behavioral factors, both of which need to be addressed for better collaboration between international and national staff. The researcher suggests ways in which to address these issues, and formulates a framework for the appropriate role definition for national and international staff. The essence of this framework addresses the question of ownership, but not in the classic state-centric manner. It is defined in terms of insider and outsider roles, terms which are much more relative than national identity, and thus apply to social change organizations beyond international development NGOs in East Africa. Indeed, the researcher raises the question of whether appropriate role definitions for insider and outsiders of different realities exist in the Western world, and whether that could be a factor behind the persistent social injustices and intractable conflicts in Western societies.

A Study on Factors Affecting the Adoption of Cloud Computing System for the Effective e-Government Services in Myanmar

Sein Ma Ma 숭실대학교 정보과학대학원 2021 국내석사

클라우드 컴퓨팅 기술의 채택과 공공 부문의 정보 통신 기술(ICT) 사용은 효율적이고 비용 효율적인 서비스 제공, 보다 쉬운 공공 관리, 전자 정부 시스템을 통한 투명성 및 액세스 증가 측면에서 상당한 이점을 제공합니다. 그러나 전 세계의 많은 정부는 여러 가지 어려움에 직면해 있으며 전자정부 프로그램을 성공적으로 구현하지 못하고 있습니다. 클라우드 컴퓨팅은 서비스 방식으로 정보기술을 제공하는 속성이 있지만 전자정부는 서비스를 중심으로 하는 경향이 있다. 한편, 미얀마 정부는 G-Cloud 설비 도입을 위해 e-GIDC 사업(전자정부통합데이터센터)을 추진하고 있다. 더 나은 채택 전략을 개발하기 위해 이 연구는 미얀마에서 효과적인 전자 정부 서비스를 위한 클라우드 컴퓨팅의 채택에 영향을 미치는 요인을 조사했습니다. 연구 모델은 기술 사용 모델(UTAUT), 환경, 사회 및 거버넌스 모델(ESG) 및 기술 조직 환경 모델 TOE 프레임워크의 조합이며 정부 기관의 상황에 맞게 약간 조정됩니다. 9개의 가설이 제안되었고, 미얀마의 현재 클라우드 컴퓨팅 상황을 분석하고 클라우드 컴퓨팅의 이점을 찾기 위해 최고 경영진, CIO, 정부 기관의 정부 직원, 정부 기관 및 민간 부문의 IT 전문가 155명을 온라인으로 설문 조사했습니다. 미얀마 전자정부 서비스에서 SEM(Structural Equations Modeling) 및 통계 도구 SPSS & AMOS 23.0을 기반으로 한 데이터 분석 결과에 따르면 미얀마는 충분한 촉진 조건, 정부 지원 및 규제가 부족합니다. 기술적 준비성, 데이터 보안, 에너지 효율성, 성능 기대치, 노력 기대치, 클라우드 컴퓨팅 도입 의향 등 기타 요소 받아들여진다. Adoption the cloud computing technology and the use of information and communication technologies (ICTs) in the public sector provides significant benefits in terms of efficient and cost-effective service delivery, easier public management, and increased transparency and access through e-government systems. However, many governments around the world face several difficulties and continue to fail to successfully implement e-government programs. Cloud computing has the attributes of providing information technology in the method of service, but e-government has a tendency to take service as its center. On the one hand, the Myanmar government is implementing the e-GIDC project (e-Government Integrated Data Center) to adopt the G-Cloud facilities. In order to develop a better adoption strategy, this research examined the factors that affect the adoption of cloud computing for effective e-government services in Myanmar. The research model is a combination of the Use of Technology model (UTAUT), the Environment, Social and Governance model (ESG), and the Technology Organization Environment model TOE frameworks, with small adjustments to fit the context of government agencies. Nine hypotheses were proposed, and 155 people from the Top Managements, CIOs, Government Staff of Government organizations, and IT professionals from government organizations and private sectors, were surveyed online to analyze Myanmar's current cloud computing situation and to find the benefits of using cloud computing in Myanmar's e-government services. According to the findings of the data analysis based on the Structural Equations Modeling (SEM) and statistical tools SPSS & AMOS 23.0, Myanmar lacks sufficient facilitating conditions, government support, and regulations. Other factors which are technical readiness, data security, energy efficiency, performance expectancy, effort expectancy, and intention to adopt cloud computing; are accepted.

광고 품질이 광고 수용에 미치는 영향 연구 -중국 인터넷 사용자 대상으로-

MA TENGDA 부경대학교 대학원 2016 국내석사

광고 품질이 광고 수용에 미치는 영향 연구 -중국 인터넷 사용자 대상으로- 마등달 / MA TENGDA 부경대학교 대학원 신문방송학과 요약 2014년 중국 인터넷 이용자 수가 6억 4천 9백만 명이 되었고 중국 총인구의 47.9%가 되었다. 이와 같이 중국의 인터넷 사용자가 늘어남에 따라 인터넷의 소비자를 겨냥한 인터넷 광고가 늘어나게 되었고. 이에 따라 인터넷 광고의 품질과 광고를 접한 소비자의 수용의도에 대한 관여도가 중요하게 부각되고 있다. 광고품질은 두 가지로 정보품질과 감성품질을 나눌 수 있는데 광고의 정보품질과 감성품질을 고려하여 관여도를 높인다면 소비자의 광고 수용을 높일 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 소비자가 정보품질 그리고 감성품질이 좋다고 느낄수록 수용 의도는 높아질 것이라는 기본 가설을 전제하고 있다. 또한 소비자가 인지하고 있는 해당 상품에 대한 지식 정도 즉, 정보 관여도 정도가 이러한 정보품질과 감성품질이 수용의도에 미치는 영향을 조절한다. 이러한 가설을 검증하기 위해 설문조사와 이를 통한 통계분석을 하였다. 연구결과 소비자가 구매활동 시에 정확하고 유용한 정보와 감성을 자극하는 감성품질이 소비자의 제품 구매에 대한 욕구를 촉구한다고 검증하였다. 이는 제품 유통 전체에 적용되어 효율적으로 정보가 퍼져가면서 광고주나 기업에서는 판매를 촉진할 수 있게 되며 기업의 이미지나 신뢰도 등을 높을 수 있게 된다. 또한 감성품질의 광고가 제품에 대해 정확한 정보 전달보다 주위 환경과 감성, 디자인, 공감대 등을 자극하여서 광고제품과 광고기업에 대해 좋은 감정이나 신뢰성을 높일 수 있게 된다. 관여도는 광고의 메시지를 통해 소비자가 광고를 수용할 때 발생하는데 광고의 특성과 소비자의 사상이 서로 작용되어 소비자가 광고와 자신을 관련시키는 것이다. 주제어 : 인터넷 광고, 광고수용, 광고품질, 정보품질, 감성품질, 관여도 The research on the impact of advertisement quality on advertisement acception: Chinese internet users as subjects Ma Tengda Department of Mass Communication, The Graduate School, Pukyong National University Abstract In China, the number of internet user has been reached 6billion and 490 million in Following the rise of population who reaches to internet, the commercial advertisement market that target to internet user has been increased also and the quality of the internet advertisement and involvement about acceptance intention of customer have been become the main issue. Quality of advertisement can be measured in two terms, informational quality and emotional quality. The increasement of involvement in both informational and emotional quality of advertisement derive the higher acceptance of customer. This research premise that customers accpet the advertisement easier when they satisfy with the both informational and emotional quality of advertisement. Also the involvement, which means how much customers know about the product, would affect the acceptance intention of informational and emotional quality of advertisement. To verify these hypothesis, this research finished a series of survey and analysed it statistically. As the result, this research prove that the useful information and sensitivity of the advertisement are the key that induce customers to buy. It means that the efficient advertisement about product would affect to whole supply chain and it directly connect to the increase of sales and the confidence or image of company. Especially the emotional quality, that focuses on environment, emotion, design and sympathy, is the key factor that derive the better confidence and image of company compared to deliver useful information about product. Involvement arise when the customers accept the message of advertisement. Customers link themselves with advertisement when the characteristics of advertisement and thought of customers affect mutually.

Integrating color, texture and edge features for contnet-based image retrieval : Ming Ma

Ma, Ming Graduate School of PaiChai University 2003 국내박사

Evaluating the characteristics of container shipping networks in the Maritime Silk Road area

Ma Sheng Lu 인하대학교 물류전문대학원 2021 국내석사

The 21st Century Maritime Silk Road strategy is a maritime development strategy proposed by China in response to Global trade competition. The purpose of this study is to analyze the characteristics of the Maritime Silk Road network by using weighted centrality indicators. Firstly, selected the shipping schedule data on the "China Ports" website, sorted out the monthly transportation frequency between ports, and established the maritime Silk Road network. Then according to the content of the strategy, add new ports and routes, analyze the impact of the new routes on the network. Finally, it found that the Maritime Silk Road network is a scale-free network, Hongkong, Singapore, Port Kelang, Shenzhen, Shanghai, Busan, and Ningbo are the Top 7 hub ports, mainly distributed on the southeast coast of China and Southeast Asia. China also Increased shipping lines to the African continent. Then simulation experiment results found that the addition of ports and the increase of routes not only promote the increase of trade volume between ports but also actually contribute to the improvement of network efficiency, making the Maritime Silk Road network more accessible.

THE LEVEL OF INTEREST IN COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION OF FILIPINO YOUTH IN CASE OF THE YOUTH IN SAN DIONISIO, ILOILO, PHILIPPINES : 필리핀 청소년의 지역사회 참여에 대한 관심의 수준 연구 : MA. LILIA JULITA B. PEDELLUME

PEDELLUME, MA. LILIA JULITA B hoseo university 2011 국내석사

ABSTRACT Rural youth in the Philippines often lack access to community programs and social activities. Due to this problem many young people can not develop their social and leadership skills to their fullest potentials. This study aims to show the importance of community participation in the development of youth leadership and social abilities. The sample size in this study was 100 rural youth, with an age range between 15-30 years old. They were classified according to the mediating variables such as: gender (male or female), religious affiliation (Christian-Catholic or Christian-Protestants), and marital status (married or single). In this study, descriptive-survey design was used to determine the current level of interest in community participation of rural Filipino youth in case of the youth in San Dionisio, Iloilo. The findings revealed that there was a “high level” of interest in community participation among rural Filipino youth as perceived by selected youth of San Dionisio, Iloilo when the respondents were taken as a whole group and when classified according to mediating variables. It was also revealed that gender and religious affiliations affected the perception of the respondents. However, marital status did not affect their responses. Based on the findings of the study, the researcher concluded that the rural Filipino youth have high levels of interest in community participation. Specifically, rural Filipino youth tend to have great interest in church/scout group memberships and sport related activities. In relation to this, the researcher came up with a number of recommendations to the church, school, family, government, and wider community as well. The most important is including youth in many activities, programs, decision-making, building youth centers, and providing facilities.