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Gender Equality, Growth and Human Development in India
Madhusudan Ghosh 연세대학교 빈곤문제국제개발연구원 2018 Journal of Poverty Alleviation and International D Vol.9 No.1
This article evaluates gender inequalities in education and employment and examines their impacts on economic growth and human development in 15 major states of India. Although the overall gender gap has declined marginally due to reduced gender gaps in political empowerment and educational attainment, it has remained high due to huge gender gaps in other categories. India has attained gender parity in primary and upper primary education and has been moving towards gender equality in literacy. Gender equality in life expectancy has improved modestly at the cost of increasing gender disparity in infant mortality. Despite the increasing literacy rate and educational levels among women, the female labor force participation rate has been declining with increasing gender gaps in wage and income. Gender equalities in literacy and labor force participation rates have positive impacts on per capita income and human development. The results suggest the need for adopting policies to create conditions, which would allow both women and men to realize their full human potential. They also suggest that increasing investment in infrastructure and the social sector could play an important role.
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Agricultural Policy Reforms and Spatial Integration of Food Grain Markets in India
MADHUSUDAN GHOSH 경제연구소 2011 Journal of Economic Development Vol.36 No.2
Applying the maximum likelihood method of co-integration, this paper examines the impact of agricultural policy reforms on spatial integration of food grain markets in India. The extent of spatial integration of food grain markets has improved during the post-reform period, as the regional markets, which were either segmented or poorly integrated during the pre-reform period, are found to be strongly integrated, and in most cases to such an extent that satisfies the relative version of the law of one price. The agricultural policy reforms undertaken by the Indian government seem to have contributed towards improving the extent of spatial integration of food grain markets. The results offer important policy implications.
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