Supplemented vaccination with tandem repeat M2e virus-like particles enhances protection against homologous and heterologous HPAI H5 viruses in chickens

Song, B.M.,Kang, H.M.,Lee, E.K.,Jung, S.C.,Kim, M.C.,Lee, Y.N.,Kang, S.M.,Lee, Y.J. Butterworths ; Elsevier Science Ltd 2016 Vaccine Vol.34 No.5

Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5 viruses derived from A/Goose/Guangdong/1/96 have been continuously circulating globally, severely affecting the public health and poultry industries. The matrix 2 protein ectodomain (M2e) is considered a promising candidate for a universal cross-protective influenza vaccine that provides more effective control over HPAI H5 viruses harboring variant hemagglutinin (HA)-antigens. Here, we evaluated the protective efficacy of a tandem repeat construct of heterologous M2e presented on virus-like particles (M2e5x VLPs) either alone or as a supplement against HPAI H5 viruses in a chicken model. Chickens immunized with M2e5x VLPs alone induced M2e-specific antibodies but were not protected against HPAI H5. The homo- and cross-protective efficacy of M2e5x VLP-supplemented vaccination of chickens was also examined. Importantly, supplementation with M2e5x VLPs induced significantly higher levels of antibodies specific for M2e and different viruses as well as provided improved protection against homologous and heterologous HPAI H5 viruses. Considering the limited efficacy of inactivated vaccines, supplement vaccination with M2e5x VLPs may be an effective measure for preventing outbreaks of HPAI viruses that have the ability to constantly change their antigenic properties in poultry.

Progression of primary open angle glaucoma in asymmetrically myopic eyes

Song, M. K.,Sung, K. R.,Han, S.,Lee, J. E.,Yoon, J. Y.,Park, J. M.,Lee, J. Y. Springer Science + Business Media 2016 Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental oph Vol.254 No.7

<P>To compare progression of primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) in asymmetrically myopic eyes within the same subject and evaluate whether the degree of myopia is related to glaucoma progression. POAG patients with asymmetric myopia (axial length [AXL] a parts per thousand yen24 mm in both eyes, and the AXL difference between the right and left eyes to be a parts per thousand yen0.5 mm) were included. Glaucoma progression was determined either by optic disc/retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) photographs or by serial visual field (VF) data. The progression rates of VF mean deviation (dB/year) and spectral domain optical coherence tomography measured RNFL thickness (mu m/year) were compared between the more myopic eye (MME) and the less myopic eye (LME) within the same subject. A total of 55 patients (mean follow up period; 4.5 +/- 1.0 years) were included. The mean AXL demonstrated a significant difference between MME and LME (26.3 +/- 1.7 vs. 25.6 +/- 1.7 mm; p = 0.036). The mean baseline VF MD (-3.8 +/- 5.4 vs. -2.6 +/- 4.7 dB; p = 0.21) and average RNFL thickness (77.5 +/- 10.6 vs. 79.9 +/- 12.3 mu m; p = 0.36) did not differ between the MME and LME. Among the 55 patients, optic disc/RNFL photographic progression was noted in the MME in 15 patients, in the LME in 19 patients, and in both eyes in seven patients. VF progression was noted in the MME in seven patients, in the LME in seven patients, and in both eyes in four patients. The VF MD progression rates were -0.25 +/- 0.34 dB/year in MME and -0.26 +/- 0.34 dB/year in LME cases (p = 0.91). The mean progression rate of the average RNFL thickness also did not differ between the MME and LME (-0.59 +/- 0.67 vs. -0.66 +/- 0.72 mu m/year, p = 0.68). The degree of myopia was not associated with glaucoma progression when assessing the same patient using either the VF or optic disc/RNFL criteria in asymmetrically myopic patients.</P>

Hydrogen production by auto-thermal reforming of ethanol over nickel catalyst supported on metal oxide-stabilized zirconia

Youn, M.H.,Seo, J.G.,Song, I.K. Pergamon Press ; Elsevier Science Ltd 2010 International journal of hydrogen energy Vol.35 No.8

Metal oxide-stabilized mesoporous zirconia supports (M-ZrO<SUB>2</SUB> with different metal oxide stabilizer (M = Zr, Y, La, Ca, and Mg) were prepared by a templating sol-gel method. 20 wt% Ni catalysts supported on M-ZrO<SUB>2</SUB>(M = Zr, Y, La, Ca, and Mg) were then prepared by an incipient wetness impregnation method for use in hydrogen production by auto-thermal reforming of ethanol. The effect of metal oxide stabilizer (M = Zr, Y, La, Ca, and Mg) on the catalytic performance of supported nickel catalysts was investigated. Ni/M-ZrO<SUB>2</SUB>(M = Y, La, Ca, and Mg) catalysts exhibited a higher catalytic performance than Ni/Zr-ZrO<SUB>2</SUB> because surface oxygen vacancy of M-ZrO<SUB>2</SUB>(M = Y, La, Ca, and Mg) and reducibility of Ni/M-ZrO<SUB>2</SUB>(M = Y, La, Ca, and Mg) were enhanced by the addition of lower valent metal cation. Hydrogen yield over Ni/M-ZrO<SUB>2</SUB>(M = Zr, Y, La, Ca, and Mg) catalyst was monotonically increased with increasing both surface oxygen vacancy of M-ZrO<SUB>2</SUB>support and reducibility of Ni/M-ZrO<SUB>2</SUB>catalyst. Among the catalysts tested, Ni catalyst supported on yttria-stabilized mesoporous zirconia (Ni/Y-ZrO<SUB>2</SUB> showed the best catalytic performance.

Supplementation of oil-based inactivated H9N2 vaccine with M2e antigen enhances resistance against heterologous H9N2 avian influenza virus infection

Park, J.K.,Lee, D.H.,Cho, C.H.,Yuk, S.S.,To, E.O.,Kwon, J.H.,Noh, J.Y.,Kim, B.Y.,Choi, S.W.,Shim, B.S.,Song, M.K.,Lee, J.B.,Park, S.Y.,Choi, I.S.,Song, C.S. Elsevier Scientific Pub. Co 2014 Veterinary microbiology Vol.169 No.3

Avian influenza virus (AIV) subtype H9N2 has been evolving rapidly and vaccine escape variants have been reported to cause circulation of infections and economic losses. In the present study, we developed and evaluated ectodomain of the AIV matrix 2 (M2e) protein as a supplementing antigen for oil-based inactivated H9N2 vaccine to increase resistance against vaccine escape variants. AIV H9N2 M2e antigen was expressed in Escherichia coli and supplemented to inactivated H9N2 oil emulsion vaccine. Specific pathogen-free chickens received a single injection of inactivated H9N2 oil emulsion vaccines with or without M2e supplementation. At three weeks post vaccination, hemagglutination inhibition tests and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were performed to determine serological immune responses. Challenge study using a vaccine escape H9N2 variant was performed to evaluate the efficacy of M2e supplementation. M2e antigen supplemented in oil emulsion vaccine was highly immunogenic, and a single M2e-supplemented vaccination reduced challenge virus replication and shedding more effectively than non-supplemented vaccination.

Quantifying herbicide dose-response and resistance in <i>Echinochloa</i> spp. by measuring root length in growth pouches

Zhang, C. J.,Lim, S. H.,Kim, J. W.,Song, J. S.,Yook, M. J.,Nah, G.,Valverde, B. E.,Kim, D. S. Canadian Science Publishing 2015 Canadian journal of plant science. Revue canadienn Vol.95 No.6

<P> Zhang, C. J., Lim, S. H., Kim, J. W., Song, J. S., Yook, M. J., Nah, G., Valverde, N. E. and Kim, D. S. 2015. Quantifying herbicide dose-response and resistance in Echinochloa spp. by measuring root length in growth pouches. Can. J. Plant Sci. 95: 1181-1192. The aim of the presented study was to develop a bioassay for rapid diagnosis of herbicide dose-response and resistance in Echinochloa. Pre-germinated seeds of Echinochloa spp. were incubated in growth pouches (18 cm×16.5 cm) containing herbicide solutions in a range of concentrations. Shoot and root lengths were measured after 6 d of incubation. Dose-responses estimated by measuring root lengths in the growth pouches were well-described by the log-logistic dose-response model and similar to those estimated by a whole-plant assay. Accurate dose-response curves were successfully generated for several herbicides with different modes of action, suggesting that the growth pouch method can be used for herbicide bioassays. The suitability of the growth pouch method for rapid diagnosis of acetyl coenzyme-A carboxylase (ACCase) and acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitor resistance in Echinochloa spp. was also tested. For cyhalofop-butyl, resistant and susceptible biotypes were discriminated at 180-300 mg a.i. L<SUP>−1</SUP> and 80-120 mg a.i. L<SUP>−1</SUP> for barnyardgrass (E. crus-galli) and late watergrass (E. oryzicola), respectively. For penoxsulam, the discriminatory dosage was 350-500 mg a.i. L<SUP>−1</SUP> for barnyardgrass and 650-1000 mg a.i. L<SUP>−1</SUP> for late watergrass. The method was further used to identify late watergrass biotypes resistant and susceptible to two other ALS inhibitors, azimsulfuron and bispyribac-sodium. Our results show that the growth pouch method can be reliably used in herbicide dose-response studies and to diagnose herbicide resistance in Echinochloa spp., with significant time and cost savings compared with conventional whole-plant assays. </P>

Developmental and acute toxicity of cetylpyridinium chloride in Bombina orientalis (Amphibia: Anura)

Park, C.J.,Song, S.H.,Kim, D.H.,Gye, M.C. Elsevier/North Holland Biomedical Press 2016 Aquatic toxicology Vol.177 No.-

<P>In an effort to evaluate the toxicity of cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC), a cationic surfactant in amphibians, we examined the developmental and acute toxicity of CPC in Bombina orientalis embryos and tadpoles. Embryonic exposure to 2.0 mu M (0.72 mg/l) CPC for 7 days significantly decreased the survival rates and increased DNA damage in the intestine of developed tadpoles. Exposure to 1.5 mu M (0.54 mg/l) CPC significantly decreased the growth of embryos and increased developmental abnormalities. The 168-h LC50 and EC50 values of CPC were 1.95 mu M (0.697 mg/l) and 1.48 mu M (0.531 mg/l) in embryos, respectively. In an extended acute toxicity test using tadpoles, the 168-h LC50 value of CPC was 5.07 mu M (1.82 mg/l). In terms of survival and growth rates, the lowest observed effective concentration of CPC was 1.5 mu M. At sub-lethal concentrations (1.0 and 2.0 mu M) CPC treatment to embryos increased lipid peroxidation in the intestine and gills of developed tadpoles, indicating that CPC can impose oxidative stress. At 2.0 mu M CPC, pro-apoptotic Bax and Bak mRNA levels were significantly increased together with DNA fragmentation, indicative of apoptotic cell death. CPC in freshwater system may threaten the normal development of amphibian embryos. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</P>

Novel chains constructed from heterotrinuclear units and 1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethane formulated as [M₂M2(O₂CPh)₆](bpa) (M=Co, Zn, M2=Co, Cd): Their catalytic activity

Lee, Y.M.,Song, Y.J.,Poong, J.I.,Kim, S.H.,Koo, H.G.,Lee, J.A.,Kim, C.,Kim, S.J.,Kim, Y. Elsevier 2010 INORGANIC CHEMISTRY COMMUNICATIONS Vol.13 No.1

Three novel heterometallic complexes containing two bridging ligands bpa and benzoate, formulated as [M<SUB>2</SUB>M'(O<SUB>2</SUB>CC<SUB>6</SUB>H<SUB>5</SUB>]<SUB>n</SUB>(bpa)<SUB>n</SUB> (bpa=1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethane, M<SUB>2</SUB>M'=Zn<SUB>2</SUB>Co (1), Zn<SUB>2</SUB>Cd (2), and Co<SUB>2</SUB>Cd (3)), have been synthesized. All three compounds show one-dimensional structures containing linear heteronuclear coordination units linked by bridging bpa ligands. Reactivity study of the compounds 1-3 for the transesterification of a variety of esters has shown that they are very efficient and 2 is the best among them.

Features and Properties of $YBa_2$$Cu_3$$O_{7-x}$ Films Grown on SrTi$O_3$ by High Frequency PLD

Shi, D.Q.,Ko, R.K.,Song, K.J.,Chung, J.K.,Choi, S.J.,Park, Y.M.,Shin, K.C.,Yoo, S.I.,Park, C. The Korean Superconductivity Society 2003 Progress in superconductivity Vol.5 No.1

YBCO films were deposited with various thicknesses from 100nm to 1.6$\mu\textrm{m}$ on single crystal $SrTiO_3$ substrates by pulsed laser deposition (PLD). The effects of different deposition conditions, especially different deposition rates by means of changing the pulsed laser frequency up to 200Hz, on the J$_{c}$ value were studied. For YBCO film with the thickness of 200nm, the $J_{c}$ value of $2.1MA/\textrm{cm}^2$ has been achieved under the high deposition rate of 3.2nm/s (190nm/min). The $J_{c}$ can be maintained greater than $1M/\textrm{cm}^2$ with the thickness less than 1$\mu\textrm{m}$. The X-ray analysis was used to examine the texture, crystallization and surface quality. The SEM was employed to analyze the surface of YBCO, and it was shown the surface of YBCO film became rougher with increasing the thickness. There were many large singular outgrowths and networks of outgrowths on the surface of YBCO films which lowered the density of thick YBCO film. The outgrowth network was probably the a-axis YBCO corresponding to XRD $\theta$-2$\theta$scan and $\chi$-scan which were used to characterize a-axis orientation of YBCO film. The reason for J$_{c}$ declining with increasing the thickness was studied and discussed.sed.

Effect of Antimuscarinic Autoantibodies in Primary Sjögren’s Syndrome

Kim, N.,Shin, Y.,Choi, S.,Namkoong, E.,Kim, M.,Lee, J.,Song, Y.,Park, K. SAGE Publications 2015 Journal of dental research Vol.94 No.5

<P>The presence of functional autoantibodies against the muscarinic type 3 receptor (M3R) has been reported in primary Sjogren's syndrome (pSS). However, the pathogenic role of these autoantibodies in pSS development remains to be elucidated. In this experiment, we investigated a pathologic role of pSS autoantibodies (pSS IgG) associated with downregulation of the major histocompatibility complex I (MHC I) molecule with M3R through internalization. Anti-M3R autoantibodies in purified control and pSS IgG were detected using 4 synthesized cyclic M3R peptides by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The binding reactivity of pSS IgG to M3R in situ was analyzed by a dual immunostaining method. Surface expression, interaction, and internalization of M3R with MHC I were analyzed by immunofluorescence confocal microscopy and biochemical assays. Synthetic cyclic peptides M3RP(205-221) and M3RP(520-527) showed significantly high reactivity with pSS IgG compared to the control IgG or the other 3 peptides (P < 0.05). Significantly high reactivity of pSS IgG to M3R in situ was observed. PSS IgG increased the interaction of membrane M3R with MHC I and induced their internalization in primary human submandibular gland cells. The pSS IgG-induced internalization of M3R with MHC I was significantly inhibited by the cholesterol-sequestering drug filipin. Our novel findingnamely, strong downregulation of the membrane MHC I with M3R through internalization of the cholesterol-rich microdomain associating with anti-M3R autoantibodiescould be an important mechanism contributing to the impaired salivation seen in pSS and linking secretory hypofunction to autoimmune pathogenesis.</P>

서로 다른 이온기를 도입한 폴리(에틸 아크릴레이트) 아이오노머 블렌드의 동적·기계적 성질

송주명,박재진,김명균 조선대학교 생산기술연구소 2005 生産技術硏究 Vol.27 No.spec

The miscibility in homoblends of ehtyl acrylate ionomers containing acrylate and itaconate ionic groups was studied dynamic mechanically. It was found that the ionomer blends containing 6 ㏖% of ionic repeat unit showed two cluster Tgs, except for the samples having a very small amount of one component. This implies that these ionomers are more or less immiscible. When the ion content of the acrylate ionomer increased to ca. 12㏖%, however, the cluster Tg of the itaconate ionomer dropped with increasing the amount of acrylate ionomer. It was also found that some of the ionomer blends showed only on cluster Tg. Thus, it was suggested that at high ion contents the chances fot the ionic groups to form ionoic aggregates increase, which, in turn, improved miscibility of the ionomer blends.