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Magnetic Force-Assisted Electrolytic Machining for Polycrystalline Silicon
Kun Ling Wu,Po Huai Yu 한국정밀공학회 2015 International Journal of Precision Engineering and Vol. No.
This study aims at improving the surface quality of polycrystalline silicon (polysilicon) after wire electrical discharge machining (WEDM) by electrolytic machining (EM) assisted with magnetic force. The machining parameters are designed with an L18 orthogonal array according to the Taguchi method. The experiment data are then analyzed with the analysis of variance (ANOVA) to identify the effect of significant factors on the characteristics of magnetic force-assisted (MFA) EM. It is proved in this study that both the material removal and surface roughness achieved by MFA-EM are better than those obtained by standard EM. A group of significant factors and the optimum combinations of machining parameters are obtained from the ANOVA results. The contribution of adding magnetic force to EM is examined in this study to establish a composite EM technique with high efficiency and quality.
Xiao Tang,Kun Tong,Lishan Zhu,Guoqing Fu,Wei Chang,Ting Zhou,Zhibing Zhang,Ling Tong,Ling Zhang,Yuqin Shi,Ling Zhang,Yuqin Shi 대한독성 유전단백체 학회 2016 Molecular & cellular toxicology Vol.12 No.4
Di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) which belongs to phthalatic-acid esters, is a kind of harmful, global environmental pollutants. It is a known endocrine disrupting chemical and male reproductive toxicant. However, the mechanism by which DEHP exposure result in male reproductive toxicity is still unclear. To elucidate the productive toxicity mechanism of DEHP, we attemptted to investigate oxidative stress, apoptotic effects, mRNA and protein expression of apoptosis-associated genes including FasL, caspase-3, and caspase-8 in GC-2spd (mouse spermatogenic cells). The results showed that, with the increase of DEHP concentration, cell apoptosis rate increased; the activities of relation index of oxidative stress such as malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutatione peroxidase (GSH-PX) changed significantly; the mRNA and protein expression levels of FasL, caspase-3, -8, altered obviously. These results suggested that DEHP could induce apoptosis of GC-2spd cells through oxidative stress and FasL-dependent pathway.
Cervical Cancer Mortality Trends in China, 1991-2013, and Predictions for the Future
Du, Pei-Ling,Wu, Ku-Sheng,Fang, Jia-Ying,Zeng, Yang,Xu, Zhen-Xi,Tang, Wen-Rui,Xu, Xiao-Ling,Lin, Kun Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2015 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.16 No.15
Background: To analyze cervical cancer mortality trends in China from 1991-2013 and forecast the mortality distribution in future five years (2014-2018), and provide clues for prevention and treatment. Materials and Methods: Mortality data for cervical cancer in China from 1991 to 2013 were used to describe the epidemiological characteristics and distribution, including the trend of the standardized mortality rate, urban-rural differences, and age variation. Trend-surface analysis was used to analyze the geographical distribution of mortality. Curve estimation, time series, gray modeling, and joinpoint regression were performed to predict and forecast mortality trends. Results: In recent years, the mortality rate of cervical cancer has increased, and there is also a steady increase in the incidence from 2003 to 2013 in China. Mortality rates in rural areas are higher than in urban areas. The mortality dramatically increases in the 40+ yr age group, reaching a peak in the >85 yr age group. In addition, geographical analysis showed that the cervical cancer mortality increased from the southwest to west-central and from the southeast to northeast of the country. Conclusions: The incidence rate and the mortality rate are increasing from 1991 to 2013, and the predictions show this will continue in the future. Thus, implementation of prevention and management programs for cervical cancer are necessary in China, especially for rural areas, young women in urban areas, and high risk regions (the west-central).
Thermogravimetric analysis and pyrolysis of waste mixtures of paint and tar slag
Ling Tao,Guang-Bo Zhao,Juan Qian,Yu-Kun Qin 한국화학공학회 2009 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.26 No.3
We describe thermogravimetric analyses and pyrolysis kinetic studies carried out on hazardous waste mixtures of tar slag, paint slag, paper, sodium sulfate and calcium oxide. Both thermogravimetric (TG) and differential thermogravimetric (DTG) profiles were measured by a thermogravimetric analyzer at different final temperatures, particle sizes and heating rates. Pyrolysis kinetic parameters were calculated by the Coats-Redfern method. Influences of particle size, heating rate and final temperature on pyrolysis yields and kinetic parameters are also discussed. The results show that final temperature and particle size have a great effect on pyrolysis yields. We find that with increasing temperature the activation energy initially increases to a maximum value and then decreases.
Ling, Daishun,Xia, Hongping,Park, Wooram,Hackett, Michael J.,Song, Changyeong,Na, Kun,Hui, Kam Man,Hyeon, Taeghwan American Chemical Society 2014 ACS NANO Vol.8 No.8
<P>Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has one of the worst prognoses for survival as it is poorly responsive to both conventional chemotherapy and mechanism-directed therapy. This results from a lack of therapeutic concentration in the tumor tissue coupled with the highly toxic off-site effects exhibited by these compounds. Consequently, we believe the best packaging for holistic therapy for HCC will involve three components: a potent therapeutic, a rationally designed drug delivery vehicle to enrich the target site concentration of the drug, and a surface ligand that can enable a greater propensity to internalization by tumor cells compared to the parenchyma. We screened a library containing hundreds of compounds against a panel of HCC cells and found the natural product, triptolide, to be more effective than sorafenib, doxorubicin, and daunorubicin, which are the current standards of therapy. However, the potential clinical application of triptolide is limited due to its poor solubility and high toxicity. Consequently, we synthesized tumor pH-sensitive nanoformulated triptolide coated with folate for use in an HCC-subpopulation that overexpresses the folate receptor. Our results show triptolide itself can prevent disease progression, but at the cost of significant toxicity. Conversely, our pH-sensitive nanoformulated triptolide facilitates uptake into the tumor, and specifically tumor cells, leading to a further increase in efficacy while mitigating systemic toxicity.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/ancac3/2014/ancac3.2014.8.issue-8/nn502074x/production/images/medium/nn-2014-02074x_0007.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/nn502074x'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>
Ling, Daishun,Park, Wooram,Park, Sin-jung,Lu, Yang,Kim, Kyoung Sub,Hackett, Michael J.,Kim, Byung Hyo,Yim, Hyeona,Jeon, Yong Sun,Na, Kun,Hyeon, Taeghwan American Chemical Society 2014 JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY - Vol.136 No.15
<P>Nanoparticle-based diagnosis–therapy integrative systems represent an emerging approach to cancer treatment. However, the diagnostic sensitivity, treatment efficacy, and bioavailability of nanoparticles as well as the heterogeneity and drug resistance of tumors pose tremendous challenges for clinical implementation. We herein report on the fabrication of tumor pH-sensitive magnetic nanogrenades (termed PMNs) composed of self-assembled iron oxide nanoparticles and pH-responsive ligands. These PMNs can readily target tumors via surface-charge switching triggered by the acidic tumor microenvironment, and are further disassembled into a highly active state in acidic subcellular compartments that “turns on” MR contrast, fluorescence and photodynamic therapeutic activity. We successfully visualized small tumors implanted in mice via unique pH-responsive <I>T</I><SUB>1</SUB>MR contrast and fluorescence, demonstrating early stage diagnosis of tumors without using any targeting agents. Furthermore, pH-triggered generation of singlet oxygen enabled pH-dependent photodynamic therapy to selectively kill cancer cells. In particular, we demonstrated the superior therapeutic efficacy of PMNs in highly heterogeneous drug-resistant tumors, showing a great potential for clinical applications.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/jacsat/2014/jacsat.2014.136.issue-15/ja4108287/production/images/medium/ja-2013-108287_0007.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/ja4108287'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>