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Gesture, Gaze, and Bodily Cues in Mandarin Conversation: Two Case Studies
Lee,Jee-won 한국사회언어학회 2012 사회언어학 Vol.20 No.1
Lee, Jee-won. 2012. Gesture, Gaze, and Bodily Cues in Mandarin Conversation: Two Case Studies. The Sociolinguistic Journal of Korea 20(1). pp. 213-234. This study uses discourse analysis to illustrate some ways that non-verbal actions such as gaze, facial expression, and gesture work to contextualize the speech delivered in conversation. These bodily cues also enable participants to organize interactions as collaborative creations of meaning rather than simply a turn-by-turn exchange of speech. This study uses two excerpts from Mandarin Chinese conversations to illustrate how non-verbal cues help speakers and recipients to engage in collaborative action with one another. Speakers give recipients information about their stances vis-à-vis the speech they produce, and recipients use this information to manage their reactions to the speech they hear. Non-verbal actions also allow both parties to mutually regulate the flow of conversation. In both examples, it becomes clear that gaze, facial expression, and gesture are important elements of spoken interaction and that conversation as a whole should be understood as a contextual web of meaning that includes speech, body language, and overall social interaction.
Shin, Gu-Choul,Na, Byoung-Kuk,Lee, Joo-Yeon,Ahn, Jung-Bae,Park, Jong-Won,Lee, Jin-Soo,Kim, Jee-Hee,Kim, Woo-Joo,Kang, Chun The Korean Society for Microbiology 2003 Journal of Bacteriology and Virology Vol.33 No.4
Although Korean influenza virus isolates have been genetically associated with the vaccine strains of the corresponding year, influenza B viruses have prevailed almost every year in Korea during the past decades. We have 'analyzed the genetic characteristics and evolutionary patterns of the haemagglutinin (HA) 1 domains of influenza B viruses isolated during 1988-1999 using direct RT-PCR and sequencing. Phylogenetic analysis of influenza B viruses isolated in Korea indicated that antigenically and genetically distinguishable strains of the lineage II and lineage III variants had been cocirculated. Variants prevailed in early 1990s are represented in 1996/97 and 1998/99 and some different variants have been co circulated geographically and prevailed concurrently in Korea. All HA1s of Korean isolates have amino acid substitutions mainly in the region between position 124 and 310, which was previously proposed an immunodominant region. Insertion-deletion patterns of the HA gene revealed that Korean influenza B viruses were evolved from Lee40 with different manner between lineage II and III viruses. Lineage III viruses were also divided into two groups as conserved group and inserted group, in relation to Lee40. But lineage II viruses had evolved with directional pattern. Antigenic index proposed that influenza B isolates prevailed since 1996/97 seasons might had emerged from the antigenic variants of a Seo1697-like virus and that new variants might appear from the lineage II viruses resulting in persistent prevalence in Korea.
Streptomyces koyangensis sp. nov., a novel actinomycete that produces 4-phenyl-3-butenoic acid
Lee, Jee Yeon,Lee, Jung Yeop,Jung, Ho Won,Hwang, Byung Kook Microbiology Society 2005 International journal of systematic and evolutiona Vol.55 No.1
<P>A 4-phenyl-3-butenoic acid-producing actinomycete, designated strain VK-A60<SUP>T</SUP>, was isolated from a soil sample collected from Koyang, Korea. Morphological and chemical characteristics of the strain were consistent with those of the genus <I>Streptomyces</I>. The cell wall of the strain contains ll-diaminopimelic acid. The predominant fatty acids are anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and C16 : 0. The strain formed a distinct monophyletic line within the 16S rRNA gene sequence phylogenetic tree. Analyses of its morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics, together with random amplified polymorphic DNA and DNA-DNA relatedness data, confirmed that strain VK-A60<SUP>T</SUP> represents a novel <I>Streptomyces</I> taxon that is distinguishable from closely related reference strains. Strain VK-A60<SUP>T</SUP> (=KCCM 10555<SUP>T</SUP>=NBRC 100598<SUP>T</SUP>) is proposed as the type strain of a novel species, for which the name <I>Streptomyces koyangensis</I> sp. nov. is proposed.</P>
Lee, Won,Shin, Hye-Seung,Hong, Jee-Eun,Pyo, Hee-Soo,Kim, Yun-Je Korean Chemical Society 2003 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.24 No.5
An analytical method the determination of benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) and its hydroxylated metabolites, 1-hydroxybenzo(a)pyrene (1-OHBaP), 3-hydroxybenzo(a)pyrene (3-OHBaP), benzo(a)pyrene-4,5-dihydrodiol (4,5-diolBaP) and benzo(a)pyrene-7,8-dihydrodiol (7,8-diolBaP), in rat urine and plasma has been developed by HPLC/FLD and GC/MS. The derivatization with alkyl iodide was employed to improve the resolution and the detection of two mono hydroxylated metabolites, 1-OHBaP and 3-OHBaP, in LC and GC. BaP and its four metabolites in spiked urine were successfully separated by gradient elution on reverse phase ODS $C_{18}$ column (4.6 mm I.D., 100 mm length, particle size 5 ㎛) using a binary mixture of MeOH/H₂O (85/15, v/v) as mobile phase after ethylation at 90 ℃ for 10 min. The extraction recoveries of BaP and its metabolites in spiked samples with liquid-liquid extraction, which was better than solid phase extraction, were in the range of 90.3- 101.6% in n-hexane for urine and 95.7-106.3% in acetone for plasma, respectively. The calibration curves has shown good linearity with the correlation coefficients (R²) varying from 0.992 to 1.000 for urine and from 0.996 to 1.000 for plasma, respectively. The detection limits of all analytes were obtained in the range of 0.01-0.1 ng/mL for urine and 0.1-0.4 ng/mL for plasma, respectively. The metabolites of BaP were excreted as mono hydroxy and dihydrodiol forms after intraperitoneal injection of 20 mg/kg of BaP to rats. The total amounts of BaP and four metabolites excreted in dosed rat urine were 3.79 ng over the 0-96 hr period from adminstration and the excretional recovery was less than 0.065% of the injection amounts of BaP. The proposed method was successfully applied to the determination of BaP and its hydroxylated metabolites in rat urine and plasma for the pharmacokinetic studies.
A validation study of DNA methylation-based age prediction using semen in forensic casework samples
Lee, Jee Won,Choung, Chong Min,Jung, Ju Yeon,Lee, Hwan Young,Lim, Si-Keun Elsevier 2018 Legal medicine Vol.31 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Previously, an age-predictive method based on DNA-methylation patterns in semen was developed, using three CpG sites (cg06304190 in the TTC7B gene, cg12837463, and cg06979108 in the NOX4 gene). Before considering the routine use of a new method in forensics, validation studies such as concordance and sensitivity tests are essential for obtaining expanded and more reliable forensic information. Here, we evaluated a previously described age-predictive method for semen for routine forensic use. Concordance testing showed a high correlation between the predicted and chronological age, with a mean absolute deviation from the chronological age of 4.8 years. Sensitivity testing suggested that age prediction with reliable accuracy and consistency was possible with >5 ng of bisulfite-converted DNA. We also confirmed the applicability of the age-predictive method in forensic casework, using forensic samples. Thus, the proposed method could serve as a very valuable forensics tool for accurate age prediction with semen samples.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> A validation study of a previously published age-predictive method was conducted. </LI> <LI> Concordance testing showed a high correlation between the predicted and real age. </LI> <LI> The method produced reproducible results with >5 ng of bisulfite-converted DNA. </LI> <LI> Applicability of the method in forensic casework was confirmed. </LI> </UL> </P>
Lee, Won Joon,Choi, Soo-Hee,Jang, Joon Hwan,Moon, Jee Youn,Kim, Yong Chul,Noh, EunChung,Shin, Jung Eun,Shin, HyunSoon,Kang, Do-Hyung Williams & Wilkins Co 2017 Medicine Vol.96 No.39
<▼1><P>Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text</P></▼1><▼2><P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>Although facial pain expressions are considered to be the most visible pain behaviors, it is known that the association between pain intensity and facial pain expression is weak for chronic pain. The authors hypothesized that the facial pain expressiveness was altered in chronic pain and investigated it with a mental rotation task using various facial expression, which seems to be associated with actual facial movements. As a task stimulus, 4 types of facial expression stimuli consisted of upper (tightening of eye and furrowed brows) and lower (raising upper lip) pain-specific facial expressions, and upper (eyeball deviation) and lower (tongue protrusion) facial movements not using facial muscles were used. Participants were asked to judge whether a stimulus presented at various rotation angles was left- or right-sided. The authors tested 40 patients with complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) (12 women, age range 21–60) and 35 healthy controls (15 women, age range 26–64). In an analysis of reaction time (RT) using a linear mixed model, patients were slower to react to all types of stimuli (<I>P</I> = .001) and a significant interaction between group (patient or control) and type of facial expression was observed (<I>P</I> = .01). In the post hoc analysis only patients showed longer RTs to raising upper lip than other types of facial expressions. This reflects a deficit in mental rotation tasks especially for lower facial region pain expressions in CRPS, which may be related to the psychosocial aspects of pain. However, comprehensive intra- and interpersonal influences should be further investigated.</P></▼2>