Polyglycerolated nanocarriers with increased ligand multivalency for enhanced <i>in vivo</i> therapeutic efficacy of paclitaxel

Le Kim, Trang Huyen,Yu, Jeong Heon,Jun, Hwiseok,Yang, Moon Young,Yang, Mi-Jin,Cho, Jae-Woo,Kim, Jin Woong,Kim, Jee Seon,Nam, Yoon Sung Elsevier 2017 Biomaterials Vol.145 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Despite the excellent biocompatibility and antifouling effect of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), the high steric hindrance, limited chemical functionality, and low ligand multivalency of PEGylated nanocarriers often lead to inefficient cell targeting and intracellular trafficking. Hence, a new structure of hydrophilic corona allowing a higher ligand density without loss of excellent biocompatibility is highly desirable. Here we introduce tumor-targeted polyglycerolated (PGylated) nanocarriers that dramatically enhance the <I>in vivo</I> therapeutic efficacy of incorporated paclitaxel simply by increasing the surface density of hydrophobic tumor-targeting ligands. Linear polyglycerol-poly (ε-caprolactone) block copolymer (PG-<I>b</I>-PCL) is used to prepare PGylated lipiodol nanoemulsions, where PG serves as a corona conjugated with a large number of folic acid (FA) for efficient tumor targeting. Unlike FA-PEGylated nanoemulsions, FA-PGylated nanoemulsions can display a larger number of FA without structural destabilization. This property enables excellent anti-cancer activities and effective tumor regression in a cervical cancer xenograft murine model at a cumulative drug dose of ∼5 mg kg<SUP>−1</SUP>, which is about four fold smaller than that of commercial Taxol formulation. This study highlights the importance of surface chemistry of nanocarriers that enable multivalent ligand functionalization and high tolerance to the conjugation of hydrophobic ligands, which make PG as a very effective hydrophilic corona for <I>in vivo</I> drug delivery.</P>

Taxonomic Notes of Moths (Lepidoptera) in the North Vietnam

Yang-Seop Bae,Le Xuan Vi,Kyu-Tek Park,Nguyen Nhu Cuong,Pham Van Nha,Pham Thi Vuong,Jong-Gyun Park 한국응용곤충학회 2009 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2009 No.05

In Vietnam, the moths were reported by some foreign entomologist such as de Joannis (1900), Ronkay (1989), Speidel & Kononenko (1998), Park et al. (2006), and Lien et al. (2008). In 1928 -1929 de Joannis created the original data of moths. His final reports on Lepidoptera were 45 families, 611 species of Noctuidae, and 461 species of Pyralidae. After the Vietnam War in North (1954), many times were collected in North Vietnam by National Institute of Plant Protection (NIPP). But all of them focused on fauna of the agricultural pests. According to the publication of NIPP (1967-1968), 533 species of 37 families of which there were 91 species of Noctuidae in the North Vietnam and some other moths known as the insect pests have been reported. In 1977 there were 77 species of Pyralidae known as the insect pests in the North Vietnam. The purpose of this study is to assess diversity of Lepidoptera order and to clarify the fauna in the Northern part of Vietnam, base on the Korea Vietnam collaborative insect-research project (2004-2006). The collecting have been conducted in four National Parks (Tam Dao, Cuc Phuong, Ba Be, and Bach Ma) Given results of the survey in the North of Vietnam from 2002 to 2006, 816 species of Lepidoptera classified by 4 families; Noctuidae (564 species), Pyraloidae (201 species), Sphingidae (28 species), and Lecithoceridae (23 species). Many of the identified species of macro-moths including Noctuidae, Pyraloidae and Lecithoceridae are known as the very newest one in Vietnam.

Sodium tanshinone IIA sulfonate attenuates angiotensin II-induced collagen type I expression in cardiac fibroblasts in vitro

Le Yang,Xiao-Jing Zou,Xiang Gao,Hao Chen,Jin-Long Luo,Zhao-Hua Wang,Qian-Sheng Liang,Guang-Tian Yang 생화학분자생물학회 2009 Experimental and molecular medicine Vol.41 No.7

Cardiac fibrosis occurs after pathological stimuli to the cardiovascular system. One of the most important factors that contribute to cardiac fibrosis is angiotensin II (Ang II). Accumulating studies have suggested that reactive oxygen species (ROS) plays an important role in cardiac fibrosis and sodium tanshinone IIA sulfonate (STS) possesses antioxidant action. We therefore examined whether STS depresses Ang II-induced collagen type I expression in cardiac fibroblasts. In this study, Ang II significantly enhanced collagen type I expression and collagen synthesis. Meanwhile, Ang II depressed matrix metalloproteinase- 1 (MMP-1) expression and activity. These responses were attenuated by STS. Furthermore, STS depressed the intracellular generation of ROS, NADPH oxidase activity and subunit p47phox expression. In addition, N-acetylcysteine the ROS scavenger, depressed effects of Ang II in a manner similar to STS. In conclusion, the current studies demonstrate that anti-fibrotic effects of STS are mediated by interfering with the modulation of ROS. Cardiac fibrosis occurs after pathological stimuli to the cardiovascular system. One of the most important factors that contribute to cardiac fibrosis is angiotensin II (Ang II). Accumulating studies have suggested that reactive oxygen species (ROS) plays an important role in cardiac fibrosis and sodium tanshinone IIA sulfonate (STS) possesses antioxidant action. We therefore examined whether STS depresses Ang II-induced collagen type I expression in cardiac fibroblasts. In this study, Ang II significantly enhanced collagen type I expression and collagen synthesis. Meanwhile, Ang II depressed matrix metalloproteinase- 1 (MMP-1) expression and activity. These responses were attenuated by STS. Furthermore, STS depressed the intracellular generation of ROS, NADPH oxidase activity and subunit p47phox expression. In addition, N-acetylcysteine the ROS scavenger, depressed effects of Ang II in a manner similar to STS. In conclusion, the current studies demonstrate that anti-fibrotic effects of STS are mediated by interfering with the modulation of ROS.

Deterministic Construction of Compressed Sensing Matrix Based on Q-Matrix

Yang Nie,Xin-Le Yu,Zhan-Xin Yang 보안공학연구지원센터 2016 International Journal of Grid and Distributed Comp Vol.9 No.10

Compressed sensing is an innovative technology, which provides a new sampling mode. The key problem in compressed sensing is the construction of sensing matrix, which has an important influence on the signal sampling and reconstruction algorithm. At present, in most cases the sensing matrix is a random structure, and is difficult to realize due to its huge storage in practical applications. In this paper, we introduce a novel deterministic construction of sensing matrix via Q-matrix, which is calculated by solving the N-queens problem. The proposed sensing matrix has good orthogonality and circularity. Using the circularity of Q-matrix, we can construct sensing matrix for compressed sensing. A large number of simulation results show that the proposed sensing matrix in this paper can obtain a better quality of the reconstructed image, and it is easily realized owing to its cyclic characteristic.

Advanced glycation end products promote meniscal calcification by activating the mTOR-ATF4 positive feedback loop

Yang Sheng,Xie JiaJun,Pan ZhiJie,Guan HongMei,Tu YueSheng,Ye YuanJian,Huang ShouBin,Fu ShiQiang,Li KangXian,Huang ZhiWei,Li XiaoQi,Shi ZhanJun,Li Le,Zhang Yang 생화학분자생물학회 2024 Experimental and molecular medicine Vol.56 No.-

The meniscus is vital for maintaining knee homeostasis and function. Meniscal calcification is one of the earliest radiological indicators of knee osteoarthritis (KOA), and meniscal calcification is associated with alterations in biomechanical properties. Meniscal calcification originates from a biochemical process similar to vascular calcification. Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and their receptors (RAGEs) reportedly play critical roles in vascular calcification. Herein, we investigated whether targeting AGE-RAGE is a potential treatment for meniscal calcification. In our study, we demonstrated that AGE-RAGE promotes the osteogenesis of meniscal cells and exacerbates meniscal calcification. Mechanistically, AGE-RAGE activates mTOR and simultaneously promotes ATF4 accumulation, thereby facilitating the ATF4-mTOR positive feedback loop that enhances the osteogenic capacity of meniscal cells. In this regard, mTOR inhibits ATF4 degradation by reducing its ubiquitination, while ATF4 activates mTOR by increasing arginine uptake. Our findings substantiate the unique role of AGE-RAGE in the meniscus and reveal the role of the ATF4-mTOR positive feedback loop during the osteogenesis of meniscal cells; these results provide potential therapeutic targets for KOA.

Taxonomic notes of family Tortricidae (Lepidoptera) in the north Vietnam

Le Xuan Vi,Pham Thi Vuong,Yang-Seop Bae 한국응용곤충학회 2009 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2009 No.10

The family Tortricidae, with just over 9000 described species (Brown 2005), is the second largest lineage in the microlepidoptera, and by far the most important economically. In Vietnam, de Joanis is the first entomologist has created the original data of moths. From 1928-1929, he reported 45 families belong to Lepidoptera and focoused on Noctuidae and Pyralidae. After the Vietnam war in the North (1954), many times were collected in the North by National Institute of Plant Protection (NIPP). But all of them focused on fauna of the agricultural pests. According to the publication of NIPP (1967-1968), 533 species of 37 families. Recently, Korean entomologists have researched on the Lepidoptera in Vietnam by Park et al. (2007) reported 816 species of Lepidoptera classified by 4 families; Noctuidae (564 species), Pyraloidae (201 species), Sphingidae (28 species), and Lecithoceridae (23 species). Vietnamese entomologists' reports have represented a diversity of Lepidoptera in National parks of Vietnam, but all of them focused on macrolepidoptera. In 2001, one new genus and 6 new species belong into Tortricidae in the Southern part has reported by Kuznetzov. In 2008 Razowski announced 10 Tortricidae species in Vietnam. The main aims of this study are to survey of any references of family Tortricidae in North Vietnam, and it also is the first data about Tortricidae in Vietnam. The materials identification based on the collection of University of Incheon, which has collected from 2004-2007. In the taxonomic review of the Tortricidae in Northern part of Vietnam, 40 species (16 species of the subfamily Tortricinae and 24 species of the subfamily Olethreutinae) are recognized. All of them are reported for the first time from Vietnam. Taxonomic review for all species is provided with photos of the adults for the species.

The Green Mode of Parks and Green Space Construction -a Study on the Exemplary Type of Ecological Landscape-

Le Yang Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture 2004 Journal of the Korean institute of landscape archi Vol.2 No.-

As for the green space construction of the modern parks, landscape design is not only for the aesthetics but its also to promote the spiritual connotation. The appearing of the exemplary type of ecological landscape reflects landscape architects have developed realization and wishes to improve the deteriorating environment and put them into practice. This paper introduces the basic intension of the exemplary type of ecological landscape, and discusses the relative background and ecological aesthetic foundation of the exemplary ecological landscape which appeared under the crisis of urban environment; lists the modern landscape designers practices of the exemplary ecological landscape; studies the developing trend of this practice which becomes multifold along with the reformation of city.

Systematic Review of Single Large and/or Multinodular Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Surgical Resection Improves Survival

Yang, Xiang-Di,Pan, Ling-Hui,Wang, Lin,Ke, Yang,Cao, Ji,Yang, Chun,Zhong, Jian-Hong,Luo, Wang,Guo, Jiao,Li, Le-Qun Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2015 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.16 No.13

Background: The role of surgical resection for patients with single large (${\geq}5cm$) and/or multinodular (${\geq}2$) hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is still controversial. This systematic review was performed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of resection for patients with single large and/or multinodular HCC. Materials and Methods: Databases (the PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane databases) were systematically searched to identify relevant studies exploring the safety and efficacy of resection for single large and/or multinodular HCC, published between January 2000 and December 2014. Perioperative morbidity and mortality, overall survival, and disease-free survival of the resection group were calculated. In addition, these outcome variables were also calculated for the control group in the included studies. Results: One randomized controlled trial and 42 nonrandomized studies involving 9,580 patients were eligible for analysis. Eight (1,594 patients) of the 43 studies also reported the outcomes of transarterial chemoembolization (TACE). Although 51.4% of patients featured cirrhosis, 90.7% of them demonstrated Child-Pugh A liver function in the resection group. The median rates of morbidity (24.5%) and mortality (2.5%) after resection were significantly higher than that of TACE (11.0%, P<0.001; 1.9%, P<0.001). However, patients who underwent resection had significantly higher median one-, three-, and five-year overall survival (76.1%, 51.7%, and 37.4%) than those who underwent TACE (68.3%, 31.5%, and 17.5%, all P<0.001). The median 1-, 3-, and 5-year DFS rates after resection were 58.3%, 34.6%, and 24.0%, respectively. Conclusions: Although tumor recurrence after resection for patients with single large and/ or multinodular HCC continues to be a major problem, resection should be considered as a strategy to achieve long-term survival.

A Interlaced Filling Algorithm in Deterministic Constructing Compressed Sensing Matrix

Yang Nie,Xin-Le Yu,Zhan-Xin Yang 보안공학연구지원센터 2016 International Journal of Signal Processing, Image Vol.9 No.10

The sensing matrix has an important influence on the original signal sampling and reconstruction algorithm in the compressed sensing theory. A complete random sensing matrix has the drawbacks of large storage and high complexity in its implementation. In this paper, we propose an interlaced filling algorithm to construct the sensing matrix, which has a quasi-cyclic structure for efficient hardware implementation. The new sensing matrix has small coherence, which provides assurance for the recovery of sparse signal. Meanwhile, some experimental comparison with the other sensing matrix is accomplished. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed sensing matrix not only obtains better performance but also owns easy hardware implementation.

AKT1 Inhibitory DNAzymes Inhibit Cell Proliferation and Migration of Thyroid Cancer Cells

Yang, Le,He, Jin-Ting,Guan, Hong,Sun, Ya-Dong Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2013 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.14 No.4

AKT1 is a member of the serine/threoine AGC protein kinase family involved in thyroid cancer metabolism, growth, proliferation and survival. It is overexpressed in thyroid tumors. In this study, we designed two AKT1 specific DNAzymes (DRz1 and DRz2) that target AKT1 mRNA. The results showed that DRz1 could decrease the expression of AKT1 by 58%. Furthermore, DRz1 significantly inhibited cell proliferation, induced apoptosis and inhibited invasion in SW597 cells. In addition, down-regulation of survivin expression was associated with decreased caspase-3, VEGF and MMP2 in SW597 cells after 24 h. In our study, the efficacy of DRz1 in decreasing AKT1 protein levels were better than DRz2. AKT1-DRz1 might have anti-tumorigenic activity and may provide the basis for a novel therapeutic intervention in thyroid cancer treatment.