Au-MPY/DTNBΣiO₂ SERS nanoprobe for immunosorbent assay

Chen, L.,Sa, Y.,Park, Y.,Hwang, H.,Ji, H.,Zhao, B.,Jung, Y.M. Elsevier 2016 Vibrational spectroscopy Vol.87 No.-

<P>In this paper, we developed a biocompatible surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) nanoprobe that employs 4-mercaptopyridine (MPY)/5,5-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) (DTNB)-decorated gold aggregates embedded in silicon dioxide. This highly sensitive SERS nanoprobe was applied in immunoassays. Furthermore, we constructed a sandwich (silver-proteins-Au-MPY/DTNB@SiO2) model that contributes very strong electromagnetic (EM) fields. Compared with a single layer of the SERS-active substrate, the designed model exhibited highly sensitive detection capabilities. This method demonstrates considerable potential for ultrasensitive SERS immunoassay applications. In addition, the proposed silica protected gold nanoaggregates possess good biocompatibility with proteins. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</P>

Conjugated Linoleic Acid in Rumen Fluid and Milk Fat, and Methane Emission of Lactating Goats Fed a Soybean Oil-based Diet Supplemented with Sodium Bicarbonate and Monensin

Li, X.Z.,Yan, C.G.,Long, R.J.,Jin, G.L.,Shine Khuu, J.,Ji, B.J.,Choi, S.H.,Lee, H.G.,Song, Man K. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2009 Animal Bioscience Vol.22 No.11

A metabolic study was conducted with four ruminally-cannulated lactating goats (Saanen, 29 weeks lactation, 65${\pm}$5 kg) in a 4${\times}$4 Latin square design with 4 dietary treatments. The goats were fed a basal mixed diet consisting of 80% concentrate and 20% chopped rye grass hay (DM basis, CON). The goats were also fed the CON diet supplemented with soybean oil at a 5% level of the concentrate (SO), the SO diet supplemented with 0.5% of sodium bicarbonate (SO-B) or the SO-B diet supplemented with 30 ppm monensin (SO-BM). The goats were housed in individual pen and the study was conducted for 8 weeks. An increased molar proportion of propionate (C3) was observed at 1 h (p<0.003) and 6 h (p<0.029) post-feeding from all the supplemented diets. Calculated methane emission was markedly decreased prior to morning feeding (p<0.01), and at 1 h (p<0.05) and 6 h post-feeding (p<0.05) in goats fed the supplemented diets. All the supplements increased (p<0.0001) cis9, trans11-CLA content in rumen fluid. Concentrations of both cis9, trans11-CLA (p<0.0001) and trans10, cis12-CLA (p<0.026) were also increased in the milk fat of lactating goats fed the supplemented diets. The SO-B and SO-BM diets further increased CLA content in goat milk compared to the SO diet. All supplements increased unsaturated (UFA, p<0.002), monounsaturated (MUFA, p<0.002) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (p<0.014) and reduced SFA to UFA ratio (p<0.023). The concentration of MUFA was even greater (p<0.002) for SO-BM than for the SO-B diet. In conclusion, feeding soybean oil (5% of concentrate) to lactating goats was a useful way to improve milk fat and to improve fatty acid profile in the milk by increasing potentially healthy fatty acids such as CLA. Supplementation of sodium bicarbonate or sodium bicarbonate with monensin to the soybean oil-based diet increased CLA content further in goat milk. Supplementation of soybean oil may be an effective method to reduce methane emission in lactating goats.

Association between PON1 Gene SNPs and Growth and Carcass Traits in Beef Cattle

Ji, A.G.,Huai, Y.H.,Zhou, Z.K.,Li, Y.J.,Zhang, L.P.,Xu, S.Z.,Gao, X.,Ren, H.Y.,Chen, J.B. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2008 Animal Bioscience Vol.21 No.8

Paraoxonase-1 (PON1), like lipoprotein lipase (LPL), plays a key role in the metabolism and physiology of mammalian growth. The objectives of this study were to estimate the allele and genotype frequencies at the PON1/EcoRV and PON1/AluI loci in three genetic groups of beef cattle and to determine associations between these polymorphisms and growth and carcass traits. Genotyping was performed on 30 Angus, 32 Hereford and 26 Simmental. The association analysis was carried out using the GLM procedure of SAS 9.1 and the least squares means of the genotypes were compared by the Tukey's test. Animals with AG genotype at the PON1/EcoRV locus had higher weight at the time of entry into the fattening corrals ($329.97{\pm}6.08kg$) and close to the time of slaughter ($577.56{\pm}8.32kg$) and net meat weight ($275.89{\pm}4.05kg$) and fitted tenderness ($3.10{\pm}0.19kg$) (p<0.05). Animals with AA genotype at the PON1/AluI locus had higher weight at the time of entry ($333.37{\pm}8.93kg$) and slaughter ($576.82{\pm}13.18kg$) and net meat weight ($275.49{\pm}6.43kg$) and average daily gain ($0.68{\pm}0.02kg/d$) (p<0.05). The meat color score was also significantly higher (p<0.05). Between genotypes and breeds, there were significant differences observed except for TBW, REMG, MBS, REA and MCS. As a metabolism gene, genotypes of the SNPs of PON1 gene might be reflecting BFT directly, such as $A_eA_eG_aG_a$ genotype in this experiment.

Peripheral viral infection induced microglial sensome genes and enhanced microglial cell activity in the hippocampus of neonatal piglets

Ji, P.,Schachtschneider, K.M.,Schook, L.B.,Walker, F.R.,Johnson, R.W. Academic Press 2016 Brain, behavior, and immunity Vol.54 No.-

Although poorly understood, early-life infection is predicted to affect brain microglial cells, making them hypersensitive to subsequent stimuli. To investigate this, we assessed gene expression in hippocampal tissue obtained from a previously published study reporting increased microglial cell activity and reduced hippocampal-dependent learning in neonatal piglets infected with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), a virus that induces interstitial pneumonia. Infection altered expression of 455 genes, of which 334 were up-regulated and 121 were down-regulated. Functional annotation revealed that immune function genes were enriched among the up-regulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs), whereas calcium binding and synaptic vesicle genes were enriched among the down-regulated DEGs. Twenty-six genes encoding part of the microglia sensory apparatus (i.e., the sensome) were up-regulated (e.g., IL1R1, TLR2, and TLR4), whereas 15 genes associated with the synaptosome and synaptic receptors (e.g., NPTX2, GABRA2, and SLC5A7) were down-regulated. As the sensome may foretell microglia reactivity, we next inoculated piglets with culture medium or PRRSV at PD 7 and assessed hippocampal microglia morphology and function at PD 28 when signs of infection were waning. Consistent with amplification of the sensome, microglia from PRRSV piglets had enhanced responsiveness to chemoattractants, increased phagocytic activity, and secreted more TNFα in response to lipopolysaccharide and Poly I:C. Immunohistochemical staining indicated PRRSV infection increased microglia soma length and length-to-width ratio. Bipolar rod-like microglia not evident in hippocampus of control piglets, were present in infected piglets. Collectively, this study suggests early-life infection alters the microglia sensome as well as microglial cell morphology and function.

Susceptibility of various oral bacteria to antimicrobial peptides and to phagocytosis by neutrophils

Ji, S.,Hyun, J.,Park, E.,Lee, B.-L.,Kim, K.-K.,Choi, Y. Munksgaard 2007 Journal of periodontal research Vol.42 No.5

<P>Background and Objective: </P><P>The aim of this study was to compare the susceptibility of nonperiodontopathic and periodontopathic bacteria to major defense mechanisms for bacterial clearance in gingival sulcus.</P><P>Material and Methods: </P><P>Twenty strains of 13 oral bacterial species were studied for their susceptibility to phagocytosis by human neutrophils and to the antimicrobial peptides LL-37 and human beta defensin-3. The minimum inhibitory concentrations of LL-37 and human beta defensin-3 were determined by a liquid dilution assay, and susceptibility to phagocytosis was examined by a flow cytometric phagocytosis assay.</P><P>Results: </P><P>The minimum inhibitory concentrations of LL-37 and human beta defensin-3 varied greatly, depending on the strain and species. Although a significant difference between the non- and periodontopathic groups was not observed, the red-complex bacteria were more resistant to LL-37 than the others (<I>p =</I> 0.004). The susceptibility of oral bacteria to phagocytosis was quite variable, depending on the species but not on the strains<I>.</I> The periodontopathic bacteria, especially <I>Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans</I> and the red-complex triad, were more resistant to phagocytosis than were the nonperiodontopathic bacteria (<I>p</I> = 0.0003). In addition, bacteria resistant both to antimicrobial peptides and to phagocytosis were more common in the periodontopathic group.</P><P>Conclusion: </P><P>Our results indicate that immune evasion may contribute to the pathogenicity of some periodontopathic bacteria.</P>

Radiation induced grain boundary segregation in ferritic/martensitic steels

Xia, L.D.,Ji, Y.Z.,Liu, W.B.,Chen, H.,Yang, Z.G.,Zhang, C.,Chen, L.Q. Korean Nuclear Society 2020 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.52 No.1

The radiation induced segregation of Cr at grain boundaries (GBs) in Ferritic/Martensitic steels was modeled assuming vacancy and interstitialcy diffusion mechanisms. In particular, the dependence of segregation on temperature and grain boundary misorientation angle was analyzed. It is found that Cr enriches at grain boundaries at low temperatures primarily through the interstitialcy mechanism while depletes at high temperatures predominantly through the vacancy mechanism. There is a crossover from Cr enrichment to depletion at an intermediate temperature where the Cr:Fe vacancy and interstitialcy diffusion coefficient ratios intersect. The bell-shape Cr enrichment response is attributed to the decreasing void sinks inside the grains as temperature rises. It is also shown that low angle grain boundaries (LAGBs) and special Σ coincidence-site lattice (CSL) grain boundaries exhibit suppressed radiation induced segregation (RIS) response while high angle grain boundaries (HAGBs) have high RIS segregation. This different behavior is attributed to the variations in dislocation density at different grain boundaries.

Plant extract-mediated biogenic synthesis of silver, manganese dioxide, silver-doped manganese dioxide nanoparticles and their antibacterial activity against food- and water-borne pathogens

Krishnaraj, C.,Ji, B. J.,Harper, S. L.,Yun, S. I. Springer Science + Business Media 2016 BIOPROCESS AND BIOSYSTEMS ENGINEERING Vol.39 No.5

<P>Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), manganese dioxide nanoparticles (MnO(2)NPs) and silver-doped manganese dioxide nanoparticles (Ag-doped MnO(2)NPs) were synthesized by simultaneous green chemistry reduction approach. Aqueous extract from the leaves of medicinally important plant Cucurbita pepo was used as reducing and capping agents. Various characterization techniques were carried out to affirm the formation of nanoparticles. HR-TEM analysis confirmed the size of nanoparticles in the range of 15-70 nm and also metal doping was confirmed through XRD and EDS analyses. FT-IR analysis confirmed that the presence of biomolecules in the aqueous leaves extract was responsible for nanoparticles synthesis. Further, the concentration of metals and their doping in the reaction mixture was achieved by ICP-MS. The growth curve and well diffusion study of synthesized nanoparticles were performed against food- and water-borne Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial pathogens. The mode of interaction of nanoparticles on bacterial cells was demonstrated through Bio-TEM analysis. Interestingly, AgNPs and Ag-doped MnO2 NPs showed better antibacterial activity against all the tested bacterial pathogens; however, MnO(2)NPs alone did not show any antibacterial properties. Hence, AgNPs and Ag-doped MnO2 NPs synthesized from aqueous plant leaves extract may have important role in controlling various food spoilage caused by bacteria.</P>

Energy responses of the LiF series TL pellets to high-energy photons in the energy range from 1.25 to 21 MV.

Kim, J L,Lee, J I,Ji, Y H,Kim, B H,Kim, J S,Chang, S Y Nuclear Technology Pub 2006 Radiation Protection Dosimeetry Vol.119 No.1

<P>The energy responses for the KLT-300(LiF:Mg,Cu,Na,Si, Korea), GR-200(LiF:Mg,Cu,P, China) and MCP-N(LiF:Mg,Cu,P, Poland) thermoluminescence(TL) pellets were studied for a photon radiation with energies from 1.25 MeV((60)Co) to 21 MV (Microtron) to verify the usefulness of the calibration for the radiotherapy beams. The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) and the World Health Organization (WHO) have performed thermoluminescence dosimetry (TLD) audits to verify the calibration of the beams by TL powder, but TL pellets were used in this study because the element correction factor (ECF), defined as the factor to correct the variations that all TL dosemeters cannot be manufactured to have exactly the same TL efficiency, for each TL pellet could be accurately derived and be handled conveniently when compared with the powder. Also several works for the energy response of the TLDs were done for the low-energy photon beams up to (60)Co, but they will be extended in this experiment to the high photon energies (up to 20 MV), which are widely used in the therapy level of a radiation. The PTW 30006 ionisation chamber was calibrated by the Korea primary standards to establish the air-kerma rates and the TL pellets were irradiated in a specially designed waterproof pellet holder in a water phantom (30 x 30 x 30 cm(3)) just like the IAEA postal audits programme. This result was compared with that of another type of phantom [10 (W) x 10 (L) x 10 (H) cm(3) PMMA Perspex phantom for the (60)Co and 6 MV photon, and 10 x 10 x 20 (H) cm(3) for the 10 and 21 MV photon] for its convenient use and easy handling and installation in a hospital. The results show that the differences of the responses for the water phantom and PMMA Perspex phantom were negligible, which is contrary to the general conception that a big difference would be expected. For an application of these results to verify the therapy beams, an appropriate energy correction factor should be applied to the energies and phantom types in use.</P>

비대칭 사다리꼴 단면 선재의 다단 인발 공정 설계

지세인(S. I. Ji),이경훈(K. H. Lee),홍리석(L. S. Hong),정진영(J. Y. Jung),김종성(J. S. Kim),김병민(B. M. Kim) 한국소성가공학회 2014 한국소성가공학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2014 No.10

It was investigated that plenty of the processes of shape wire drawing process designed by trial and error relying on experience of industrial experts. In consequence of this process, it is inevitable that the increase of product cost, unnecessary time consuming, and effort. In case of manufacturing the final product with asymmetric section geometry and high aspect ratio, the concentration of strain at a side caused the severe distortion of the wire and low-cycle fatigue resistance is formed. The objective of this study is to design process of multi-pass shape wire drawing from initial round material with consideration of the cross section geometry of the final product. First, the multi-pass shape wire drawing process was designed by equivalent potential line in electric field analysis. The reduction ratio of area was calculated by relationship to the number of pass in multi pass shape wire drawing process determined by capacity of drawing machine and drawing force. In order to take account of concentration of strain of cross section of wire, the process for multi shape wire drawing from initial round material to an intermediate die was redesigned using electric field analysis again. In this study, the either drawing process design was estimated by finite element simulation in which the strain distribution and standard deviation plastic strain of the cross section of drawn wire.

비대칭 사다리꼴 단면 선재의 다단 인발 공정설계

지세인(S. I. Ji),이경훈(K. H. Lee),홍리석(L. S. Hong),정진영(J. Y. Jung),김종성(J. S. Kim),김병민(B. M. Kim) 한국소성·가공학회 2015 소성가공 : 한국소성가공학회지 Vol.24 No.3