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<i>In Vitro</i> Biosynthesis of Metal Nanoparticles in Microdroplets
Lee, Kyoung G.,Hong, Jongin,Wang, Kye Won,Heo, Nam Su,Kim, Do Hyun,Lee, Sang Yup,Lee, Seok Jae,Park, Tae Jung American Chemical Society 2012 ACS NANO Vol.6 No.8
<P>We report the use of a hydrogel polymer, recombinant <I>Escherichia coli</I> cell extracts, and a microdroplet-based microfluidic device to fabricate artificial cellular bioreactors which act as reactors to synthesize diverse metal nanoparticles (NPs). The combination of cell extracts, microdroplet-based microfluidic device, and hydrogel was able to produce a mass amount of artificial cellular bioreactors with uniform size and shape. For the first time, we report the alternating generation of microdroplets through one orifice for the fabrication of the artificial cellular reactors using the cell extract as inner cellular components and hydrogel as an artificial cellular membrane. Notably, the hydrogels were able to protect the encapsulated cell extracts from the surrounding environment and maintain the functionality of cellular component for the further cellular bioreactor applications. Furthermore, the successful applications of the fabricated artificial cellular bioreactors to synthesize various NPs including quantum dots, iron, and gold was demonstrated. By employing this microfluidic technique, the artificial cellular bioreactors could be applicable for the synthesis of diverse metal NPs through simple dipping of the reactors to the metal precursor solutions. Thus, the different size of NPs can be synthesized through controlling the concentration of metal precursors. This artificial cellular bioreactors offer promising abilities to biofriendly ways to synthesis diverse NPs and can be applicable in chemical, biomedical, and bioengineering applications.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/ancac3/2012/ancac3.2012.6.issue-8/nn302043q/production/images/medium/nn-2012-02043q_0001.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/nn302043q'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>
A two-dimensional DNA lattice implanted polymer solar cell
Lee, Keun Woo,Kim, Kyung Min,Lee, Junwye,Amin, Rashid,Kim, Byeonghoon,Park, Sung Kye,Lee, Seok Kiu,Park, Sung Ha,Kim, Hyun Jae IOP Pub 2011 Nanotechnology Vol.22 No.37
<P>A double crossover tile based artificial two-dimensional (2D) DNA lattice was fabricated and the dry–wet method was introduced to recover an original DNA lattice structure in order to deposit DNA lattices safely on the organic layer without damaging the layer. The DNA lattice was then employed as an electron blocking layer in a polymer solar cell causing an increase of about 10% up to 160% in the power conversion efficiency. Consequently, the resulting solar cell which had an artificial 2D DNA blocking layer showed a significant enhancement in power conversion efficiency compared to conventional polymer solar cells. It should be clear that the artificial DNA nanostructure holds unique physical properties that are extremely attractive for various energy-related and photonic applications. </P>
Lee, Jeong Won,Lee, Jong Hoon,Shim, Byoung Yong,Kim, Sung Hwan,Chung, Mi-Joo,Kye, Bong-Hyeon,Kim, Hyung Jin,Cho, Hyeon Min,Jang, Hong Seok Williams & Wilkins Co 2015 Medicine Vol.94 No.31
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>We evaluated the tumor response and survival according to the <I>KRAS</I> oncogene status in locally advanced rectal cancer. One hundred patients with locally advanced rectal cancer (cT3-4N0-2M0) received preoperative radiation of 50.4 Gy in 28 fractions with 5-fluorouracil and total mesorectal excision. Tumor DNA from each patient was obtained from pretreatment biopsy tissues. A Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS) mutation was found in 26 (26%) of the 100 patients. Downstaging (ypT0-2N0M0) rates after preoperative chemoradiotheray were not statistically different between the wild-type and mutant-type KRAS groups (30.8% vs 27.0%, <I>P</I> = 0.715, respectively). After a median follow-up time of 34 months, there was no statistically significant difference in the 3-year relapse-free survival (82.2% vs 82.6%, <I>P</I> = 0.512) and overall survival (94.7% vs 92.3%, <I>P</I> = 0.249) rates between wild-type and mutant-type KRAS groups, respectively. The KRAS mutation status does not influence the tumor response to the radiotherapy and survival in locally advanced rectal cancer patients who received preoperative chemoradiotherapy and curative surgery.</P>
New Read Schemes Using Boosted Channel Potential of Adjacent Bit-Line Strings in nand Flash Memory
Sung-Min Joe,Min-Kyu Jeong,Myounggon Kang,Kyoung-Rok Han,Sung-Kye Park,Jong-Ho Lee IEEE 2012 IEEE electron device letters Vol.33 No.8
<P>New schemes of read operation using boosted channel potential of adjacent bit-line (BL) strings are proposed for improving on-state current of a cell string in nand Flash memory. The channel resistance of pass cells in a cell string under read operation is decreased by the electric field due to the boosted channel potential of adjacent BL strings, which increases on-state current of the cell string. Proposed schemes give much smaller read disturbance compared with conventional ones because the boosted channel potential of unselected BL strings prevents soft programming in cells of the unselected BL strings. It was also shown that new read operation of #2 scheme leads to suppress the background pattern dependence by ~58%, as compared with the conventional read operation scheme.</P>
Fabrication of Mounting Device to Apply Solid Immersion Lens to Infra-Red Microscopy
Sung, Ha-Yeong,Lee, Kye-Sung,Kim, Hyo-Sik,Lee, Sang-Yong,Lee, Gil-Jae,Ryu, Geun-Man,Kim, Sun-Jin,Park, Chan-Pil,Yee, Ki-Ju,Kim, Geon-Hee 한국정밀공학회 2014 International Journal of Precision Engineering and Vol.15 No.2
In Infra-Red (IR) microscopy, the improvement of spatial resolution is difficult due to the diffraction limit of IR objective. As one of solutions, a solid immersion lens (SIL) is incorporated into the conventional objective. The high refractive index of SIL contributes to obtain the high spatial resolution image of sample immersed in SIL. However, the alignment between the SIL and the objective is difficult by the narrow depth of focus and field of view. In addition, the distance between the SIL and a sample should be less than 100 nm. Therefore the mounting device specialized for mounting of the SIL should be needed. In our study, we designed the mounting device to achieve of the maximum optical performance of the SIL. Vertical flexibility of the mounting device relieves limit of the movement in vertical direction and the contact stress. The mechanical safety and motion of the mounting device with the SIL were analyzed using finite element analysis. To evaluate the imaging system overall, the SIL was incorporated into the IR imaging system using the mounting device. As a result, we achieved the spatial resolution of $1.23{\mu}m$ using obtained images of USAF target.
Sang-Yeon Lee,Kye-Hwan Lee,Keun-Chul Lee,Keun-Chul Lee,Buem-hun Song,Chul-Won Lee 한국작물학회 2008 한국작물학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2008 No.10
Rice as a typical silicified plants needs the intemal absorption of silica, especially during the growing period. The leaves and culm of plant are erected up by uptake of silicic acid. Sun light could reach the bottom leaves in the plant communities. In addition, the nitrogen uptake would be physiologically controlled by the application of silica and the quality of rice could be improved by reducing the quantity of protein in grian. In the field experiment designed, the rice cultivar was DonhjinⅠho, Daeanbyeo and transplanting day was May 25, 2007. N levels per ha were 100 and 200kg, respectively and liquid silica(ai 11%, manufactureed by Dongbuhiteck Co.) was sprayed on flag leaves according to 500fold and 1000fold with distilled water and 3 times at an interval of 1week from 30 days before heading. The rice culms treated with each liquid silica levels were shortened and panicle length were increase as compare with the control in the level of each N. The lodging was reduced in the plot that treated with the higher liquid silica application of 100kg as compared with 200kg plot in the filed. The rice yields of the plots treated with silica application were more increased than in the control plot. All yield components, except of panicle number in DongjinⅠ, increased as compare with 200kg plot in the filed. Changes measured by 2-DE in display expression of flag leaves and seed in relation to nitrogen treatment level and silica trements were similar in fashion, yet still displayed distinguishable differences in display strength spots.