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RISS 인기검색어
- 검색키워드
- 저자 : Koichi Goka (검색결과 3 건)
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The reptile associated ticks and Borrelia from imported reptiles
Ai Takano,Hiroki Kawabata,Haruo Watanabe,Tei-ichiro Shino,Koichi Goka,Yumi Une,Hiromi Fujita 한국응용곤충학회 2008 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2008 No.10
Borrelia, which is transmitted by arthropod, is known as an infectious agent to vertebrate, such as Lyme disease (LD) Borrelia and Relapsing fever (RF) Borrelia. LD Borrelia is only transmitted by hard-bodied ticks classified into the Ixodes ticks. In contrast, almost of RF Borrelia was transmitted by soft-bodied ticks, Argasid ticks. Thus so far, the co-evolution was thought to be established between Borrelia and tick. In this study, we found unknown borreliae from imported reptiles and its associated ticks (we preliminary named as ‘REP Borrelia’). Ticks were introduced into Japan with world-wide trading of reptiles. Ticks were classified into genus Amblyomma or Hyalomma. Out of 82 ticks, 76 were positive for PCR of tickmitochondrial gene for 16S rRNA, and we used these 76 ticks for our examination. From 57 ticks (75%), Borrelia turcica and unknown three Borrelia spp. were detected or isolated. In addition, we examined imported reptiles which were infested exotic ticks. A total of 15 reptiles including 5 of Testudo graeca, 1 of T. horsfieldii, 2 of Phelsuma dubia and 7 of Geochelone pardalis were used for isolation study of Borrelia. Borrelia was isolated from 11 reptiles (73.3%) as follows: T. graeca, T. horsfieldii, G. pardalis. It suggested that, these imported reptiles and exotic ticks were highly infected with Borrelia. Phylogenetic analysis based on the DNA sequences of Borrelia, it was indicated that REP Borrelia constituted a cluster which was independent from RF and LD Borrelia. Surprisingly, this REP Borrelia was expected that was transmitted by hard-bodied tick, although it was thought to be diverged from ancestor RF Borrelia. From quantitative analysis of divergence based on 16S rRNA gene, it was expected that REP and RF Borrelia were differentiated around 50 million years ago (MYA). On the other hand, the oldest soft-bodied tick fossil from New Jersey amber was indicated that soft-bodied tick was speciated since ~92 MYA. In fact, soft-bodied tick was already diverged into genus level when RF and REP Borrelia were diverged. This may suggest that the vector switching event was occurred in ancestor REP/RF Borrelia.
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Estimating colonization and invasion risk maps for Linepithema humile, in Japan
Sachiko Moriguchi,Maki N. Inoue,Toshio Kishimoto,Takeshi Kameyama,Fuminori Ito,Koichi Goka 한국응용곤충학회 2015 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.18 No.2
Our goal was to create colonization and invasion risk maps for the Argentine ant, Linepithema humile, based on occurrence data in Japan, by combining colonization- and invasion-related variables and spatial filters that alleviate spatial autocorrelation. With these data, we will be better able to implement surveillance and control programs. Species distribution models were generated, using the maximum entropy approach, from presence-only data collected from 12 locations. Colonization-related variables (e.g., temperature, precipitation) and invasionrelated variables (e.g., urban area, distance from ports) were used as environmental variables and spatial filters that alleviate spatial autocorrelation were included at the same time. The high invasion risk area was restricted to coastal areas, whereas high colonization risk applied to a broader area. Elevation, minimum temperature, and flowaccumulationwere themost effective variables for predicting colonization risk,whereas urban area, elevation, and the port distance index were the most effective variables for predicting invasion risk. The invasion risk map had a higher level of accuracy than the colonization risk map. We identified those areas with a high risk of invasion in the early stages and strong propagule pressure with a model using both invasion-related variables and colonization-related variables to accurately estimate the initial invasion distributions. We found that high colonization risk areas were concentrated in the Okinawa and Ogasawara Islands; ecosystems with highly endemic ant species that are likely to have a high sensitivity to L. humile introduction. Our data will aid in strengthening both domestic and international quarantine systems to prevent such introductions.
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