S1 Employs Feature-Dependent Differential Selectivity of Single Cells and Distributed Patterns of Populations to Encode Mechanosensations

Kim, Yoo Rim,Kim, Chang-Eop,Yoon, Heera,Kim, Sun Kwang,Kim, Sang Jeong Frontiers Media S.A. 2019 Frontiers in cellular neuroscience Vol.13 No.-

<P>The primary somatosensory (S1) cortex plays an important role in the perception and discrimination of touch and pain mechanosensations. Conventionally, neurons in the somatosensory system including S1 cortex have been classified into low/high threshold (HT; non-nociceptive/nociceptive) or wide dynamic range (WDR; convergent) neurons by their electrophysiological responses to innocuous brush-stroke and noxious forceps-pinch stimuli. Besides this “noxiousness” (innocuous/noxious) feature, each stimulus also includes other stimulus features: “texture” (brush hairs/forceps-steel arm), “dynamics” (dynamic stroke/static press) and “intensity” (weak/strong). However, it remains unknown how S1 neurons inclusively process such diverse features of brushing and pinch at the single-cell and population levels. Using <I>in vivo</I> two-photon Ca<SUP>2+</SUP> imaging in the layer 2/3 neurons of the mouse S1 cortex, we identified clearly separated response patterns of the S1 neural population with distinct tuning properties of individual cells to texture, dynamics and noxiousness features of cutaneous mechanical stimuli. Among cells other than broadly tuned neurons, the majority of the cells showed a highly selective response to the difference in texture, but low selectivity to the difference in dynamics or noxiousness. Between the two low selectivity features, the difference in dynamics was slightly more specific, yet both could be decoded using the response patterns of neural populations. In addition, more neurons are recruited and stronger Ca<SUP>2+</SUP> responses are evoked as the intensity of forceps-pinch is gradually increased. Our results suggest that S1 neurons encode various features of mechanosensations with feature-dependent differential selectivity of single cells and distributed response patterns of populations. Moreover, we raise a caution about describing neurons by a single stimulus feature ignoring other aspects of the sensory stimuli.</P>

The Effect of Therapeutic Intervention Using Motivation on Chronic Stroke Patients’Balance

Yeon Ju Kim,Yoo Rim Choi,Wan Suk Choi,Bo Kyung Kim,Hyun Ju Oh,Hong Rae Kim,Byeong Jun Hwang 국제물리치료학회 2014 Journal of International Academy of Physical Ther Vol.5 No.1

This study purposed to provide a scientific base for understanding the effect of therapeutic intervention using motivation on chronic stroke patients’balance and determining whether it is applicable as a new therapeutic intervention. For this study, we sampled 38 chronic stroke patients, and divided them randomly into a motivation training group(n=20) and a control group(n=18). To the control group was applied neurological physiotherapy 5 times a week, and 30 minutes each time, and to the motivation training group was applied neurological physiotherapy and then, additionally, a Nintendo Wii-Fit program 3 times a week, and 30 minutes each time. Before and after the experiment, the subjects’dynamic balance was measured with functional reach test(FRT), timed up & go test(TUG), and 10m gait test, and their static balance was measured with the Romberger Test. When dynamic balance ability was compared between before and after the experiment and between the motivation training group and the control group, significant difference was observed in the results of FRT, TUG, and 10m walking test between before and after the intervention(p<.05). As to static balance, in addition, body balance movement distance was not significantly different. Therapeutic intervention using dynamic motivation was found to be more effective than the control group in improving dynamic balance.

The Effects of NEES on PARP Expression and Cell Death in Rat Cerebral Cortex After Ischemic Injury

Sung Won Kim,Jung Sook Lee,Ki Mai Um,Ji Sung Kim,Suk Hee Lee,Yoo Rim Choi,Nyeon Jun Kim,Bo Kyoung Kim,Mi Suk Cho,Joo Hyun Park,Soon Hee Kim 국제물리치료학회 2010 Journal of International Academy of Physical Ther Vol.1 No.2

The majority of strokes are caused by ischemia and result in brain tissue damage, leading to problems of the central nervous system including hemiparesis, dysfunction of language and consciousness, and dysfunction of perception. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase(PARP) on necrosis in neuronal cells that have undergone needle electrode electrical stimulation(NEES) prior to induction of ischemia. Ischemia was induced in male SD rats(body weight 300g) by occlusion of the common carotid artery for 5 min, after which the blood was reperfused. After induction of brain ischemia, NEES was applied to Zusanli(ST 36), at 12, 24 and 48 hours. Protein expression was investigated using immuno-reactive cells, which react to PARP antibodies in cerebral nerve cells, and Western blotting. The results were as follows: In the cerebral cortex, the number of PARP reactive cells after 24 hours significantly decreased(p<.05) in the NEES group compared to the GI group. PARP expression after 24 hours significantly decreased(p<.05) in the NEES group compared to the GI group. As a result, NEES showed the greatest effect on necrosis- related PARP immuno-reactive cells 24 hours after ischemia, indicating necrosis inhibition, blocking of neural cell death, and protection of neural cells. Based on the results of this study, NEES can be an effective method of treating dysfunction and improving function of neuronal cells in brain damage caused by ischemia.

Effects of EA Application to GV20 and LI4 on BAX and NF-kB Expression of the SD-Rat's Hippocampus with Global Ischemia

Jung Hyun Choi,Sung Won Kim,Jae Gap Lee,Min Hee Kim,Ji Sung Kim,Yoo Rim Choi,Young Dae Yun,Chi Hyok Kim,Yong Seong Kim,Nyeon Jun Kim,Ju Hwan Lee,Sang Bin Lee 국제물리치료학회 2010 Journal of International Academy of Physical Ther Vol.1 No.2

This study aims to reveal how EA affects BAX and NF-kB involved in cell deaths from global ischemia, and to do this, observes the changes of BAX and NF-kB caused by EA application after transient global ischemia. The experimental method is to give rise to global ischemia and apply EA to 27 SD rats with the particulars of being six-week-old, male, around-300 gram-weighing, and adapted to laboratory environment for more than a week, and divide them into three groups, that is, GV20 EA group(n=9), L14 EA group(n=9), no-treatment GI group(n=9), and then observe their changes of BAX and NF-kB at the time lapse of 6 hours, 9 hours and 12 hours after ischemia, using western blotting. The numerical decrease of BAX expression at the time lapse of 9 hours after EA application, though not statistically significant, was observed in GV20 EA group and L14 EA group, and the NF-kB expression appeared statistically significant decrease in GV20 EA group and L14 EA group, but the expression was higher in the group with EA application. Therefore, EA application at the early phase of global ischemia is considered to affect BAX and NF-kB and play a positive role in decreasing apoptosis and cell deaths by inflammation.

Effect of Patellar Taping on Quadriceps Muscle of Knee Joint

Sung Eun Lee,Shin Gyun Kim,Sung Hyoun Cho,Yoo Rim Choi,Chang Sook Kim,Sung Joon Kim,Ki San Nam,Gyung Kim 국제물리치료학회 2012 Journal of International Academy of Physical Ther Vol.3 No.1

This study aims to examine the effect of patellar taping common to patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome on the change of knee joint location. The total number of participants is 12 patients with no pain in their knee. There are three different experiments: no-taping, placebo taping, and patellar taping. After application, they squat on their hams. As a result, both the muscle activity of vastus medialis and that of vastus lateralis increased in placebo taping compared to no-taping, which wasn't statistically significant. However, the muscle activity of vastus medialis and that of vastus lateralis decreased in patellar taping compared to no-taping, which was statistically significant. This suggests that patellar taping causing the lateral attraction of knee joint is more influential to the dynamics of knee joint than skin afferent input in placebo taping. Therefore, patellar taping is effective to change the location of knee joint, affect the muscle activity of quadriceps muscle of thigh, and thus correct the misalignments of the knee joint.

The Effect of Therapeutic Intervention Using Motivation on Chronic Stroke Patients' Balance

Kim, Yeon Ju,Choi, Yoo Rim,Choi, Wan Suk,Kim, Bo Kyung,Oh, Hyun Ju,Kim, Hong Rae,Hwang, Byeong Jun International Academy of Physical Therapy Research 2014 Journal of International Academy of Physical Ther Vol.5 No.1

This study purposed to provide a scientific base for understanding the effect of therapeutic intervention using motivation on chronic stroke patients' balance and determining whether it is applicable as a new therapeutic intervention. For this study, we sampled 38 chronic stroke patients, and divided them randomly into a motivation training group(n=20) and a control group(n=18). To the control group was applied neurological physiotherapy 5 times a week, and 30 minutes each time, and to the motivation training group was applied neurological physiotherapy and then, additionally, a Nintendo Wii-Fit program 3 times a week, and 30 minutes each time. Before and after the experiment, the subjects' dynamic balance was measured with functional reach test(FRT), timed up & go test(TUG), and 10m gait test, and their static balance was measured with the Romberger Test. When dynamic balance ability was compared between before and after the experiment and between the motivation training group and the control group, significant difference was observed in the results of FRT, TUG, and 10m walking test between before and after the intervention(p<.05). As to static balance, in addition, body balance movement distance was not significantly different. Therapeutic intervention using dynamic motivation was found to be more effective than the control group in improving dynamic balance.

The Effect of Non-face-to-Face Class due to COVID-19 on Academic Stress and Back Pain in University StudentsThe Effect of Non-face-to-Face Class due to COVID-19 on Academic Stress and Back Pain in University Students

Yoo Rim Kim,김동훈 물리치료재활과학회 2022 Physical therapy rehabilitation science Vol.11 No.1

Objective: In the present study, to determine the extent of academic stress and pain from sitting for a long time, we will use a questionnaire to examine the effects of non-face-to-face stress and back pain on college students who have conducted non-face-to-face lectures. Design: Survey researchMethods: A questionnaire was conducted using Naver foam to identify academic stress, attitude and time to listen to lectures, and the extent of back pain for college students who are experiencing non-face-to-face lectures. Outcome measures include the scale of academic stress (SAS), the Numeric rating scale (NRS), the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI Korea version) was implemented. The difference in academic stress was analyzed by t-test and one-way ANOVA, and the correlation between academic stress and back pain was analyzed using the Spearman correlation coefficient. In order to examine the academic stress, consistency, and stability, the reliability of the academic stress items was measured by examining the reliability with the Cron-Bach alpha coefficient. Allstatistical significance levels were α=0.05. Results: According to the general characteristics of the subject, there were no statistically significant results compared to gender (P<0.05), but the higher the grade, the higher the stress index, the higher the level of pain. Conclusions: This study confirmed that non-face-to-face lectures caused by COVID-19 have increased academic stress and the resulting increase in back pain in college students.

The Effect of Group Exercise Program on Cognitive Function of Elderly people

Kim, Nyeon Jun,Kim, Moo Ki,Moon, Ok Kon,An, Ho Jung,Shin, Hee Joon,Choi, Yoo Rim,Wang, Jung San,Lee, Joon Hee,Park, Joo Hyun,Kim, Soon Hee International Academy of Physical Therapy Research 2014 Journal of International Academy of Physical Ther Vol.5 No.2

The goal of this study was to assess the effect of a group exercise program on cognitive function of elderly people. Subjects were chosen to be elders with dementia having minor to moderate degrees of cognitive function. Study was started out by randomly dividing the 16 subjects into two groups, each with 8 people; the group exercise group and the control group. The group exercise group performed 8 weeks of group exercise program and general physiotherapy while the control group only performed general physiotherapy. Cognitive function was measured by Korean version mini-mental state examination. The study group's attention and calculation statistically significantly improved but the control group saw no statistically significant change. The group exercise program affected improvement in cognitive function of elderly people with dementia and in particular, was effective for enhancing their attention and calculation.

Novel Mass Spectrometric Assay for Monitoring Drug Resistance in Hepatitis B Virus during Lamivudine Therapy

Kim, Nam Keun,Hwang, Seong Gyu,Hong, Sun Pyo,Rhee, Hwanseok,Chung, Hyun Jae,Kim, Sukjoon,Han, Jin Hee,Kim, Hyung Tae,Rim, Kyu Sung,Kang, Myung Seo,Yoo, Wangdon,Kim, Soo-Ok 한국유전학회 2003 Genes & Genomics Vol.25 No.1

Lamivudine has been shown to be an effective therapy for chronic hepatitis B, but resistance to this agent is common during prolonged treatment. The predominant lamivudine resistance mutations are amino acid substitution in tyrosine, methionine, aspartate, aspartate (YMDD) motif of DNA polymerase including M552Ⅰ and M552Ⅴ. Current methods of detecting the HBV mutations are time-consuming, labor intensive, and not suitable for screening large numbers of samples. In the present study, we described the development of a genotyping assay able to screen viral variants and to identify and characterize and unidentified variation in a sensitive, cost-effective, and robust high-throughput manner. The assay is based on polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification and mass measurement of the oligonucleotides containing variation sites of the viral polymerase gene using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). When assessed for low limit of detection and for the ability to distinguish wild-type and variant DNA in mixed populations, this genotyping assay is sensitive to detect extremely low amounts of viral variants that correspond to 100 copies of HBV genome per ml and more sensitive than DNA sequencing in determining the ratios of wild-type to variant virus, as few as 1% of mutant among wild-type virus. When sera from 20 patients, each containing identified HBV mutants were analyzed, new MALDI-TOF MS-based assay exactly identified each variant and wild-type virus, and could detect additional viral genotypes that were not detected by conventional restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLP) method. In conclusion, the level of sensitivity and the amenability to high-throughput system along with intrinsic ability to identify an exact haplotype composed of two or more variations in a strand of DNA should lend the MALDI-TOF MS-based assay to the mass screening of HBV patients receiving lamivudine for further understanding virological response to therapy and disease progression.

The Effects of NEES on PARP Expression and Cell Death in Rat Cerebral Cortex After Ischemic Injury

Kim, Sung-Won,Lee, Jung-Sook,Um, Ki-Mai,Kim, Ji-Sung,Lee, Suk-Hee,Choi, Yoo-Rim,Kim, Nyeon-Jun,Kim, Bo-Kyoung,Cho, Mi-Suk,Park, Joo-Hyun,Kim, Soon-Hee International Academy of Physical Therapy Research 2010 Journal of International Academy of Physical Ther Vol.1 No.2

The majority of strokes are caused by ischemia and result in brain tissue damage, leading to problems of the central nervous system including hemiparesis, dysfunction of language and consciousness, and dysfunction of perception. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase(PARP) on necrosis in neuronal cells that have undergone needle electrode electrical stimulation(NEES) prior to induction of ischemia. Ischemia was induced in male SD rats(body weight 300g) by occlusion of the common carotid artery for 5 min, after which the blood was reperfused. After induction of brain ischemia, NEES was applied to Zusanli(ST 36), at 12, 24 and 48 hours. Protein expression was investigated using immuno-reactive cells, which react to PARP antibodies in cerebral nerve cells, and Western blotting. The results were as follows: In the cerebral cortex, the number of PARP reactive cells after 24 hours significantly decreased(p<.05) in the NEES group compared to the GI group. PARP expression after 24 hours significantly decreased(p<.05) in the NEES group compared to the GI group. As a result, NEES showed the greatest effect on necrosis-related PARP immuno-reactive cells 24 hours after ischemia, indicating necrosis inhibition, blocking of neural cell death, and protection of neural cells. Based on the results of this study, NEES can be an effective method of treating dysfunction and improving function of neuronal cells in brain damage caused by ischemia.