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Transmission Electron Microscopy on Memristive Devices: An Overview
Strobel, Julian,Neelisetty, Krishna Kanth,Chakravadhanula, Venkata Sai Kiran,Kienle, Lorenz Korean Society of Microscopy 2016 Applied microscopy Vol.46 No.4
This communication is to elucidate the state-of-the-art of techniques necessary to gather information on a new class of nanoelectronic devices known as memristors and related resistive switching devices, respectively. Unlike classical microelectronic devices such as transistors, the chemical and structural variations occurring upon switching of memristive devices require cutting-edge electron microscopy techniques. Depending on the switching mechanism, some memristors call for the acquisition of atomically resolved structural data, while others rely on atomistic chemical phenomena requiring the application of advanced X-ray and electron spectroscopy to correlate the real structure with properties. Additionally, understanding resistive switching phenomena also necessitates the application not only of pre- and post-operation analysis, but also during the process of switching. This highly challenging in situ characterization also requires the aforementioned techniques while simultaneously applying an electrical bias. Through this review we aim to give an overview of the possibilities and challenges as well as an outlook onto future developments in the field of nanoscopic characterization of memristive devices.
Atomic structure and crystallography of joints in SnO<sub>2</sub> nanowire networks
Hrkac, Viktor,Wolff, Niklas,Duppel, Viola,Paulowicz, Ingo,Adelung, Rainer,Mishra, Yogendra Kumar,Kienle, Lorenz Korean Society of Microscopy 2019 Applied microscopy Vol.49 No.0
Joints of three-dimensional (3D) rutile-type (r) tin dioxide ($SnO_2$) nanowire networks, produced by the flame transport synthesis (FTS), are formed by coherent twin boundaries at $(101)^r$ serving for the interpenetration of the nanowires. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) methods, i.e. high resolution and (precession) electron diffraction (PED), were utilized to collect information of the atomic interface structure along the edge-on zone axes $[010]^r$, $[111]^r$ and superposition directions $[001]^r$, $[101]^r$. A model of the twin boundary is generated by a supercell approach, serving as base for simulations of all given real and reciprocal space data as for the elaboration of three-dimensional, i.e. relrod and higher order Laue zones (HOLZ), contributions to the intensity distribution of PED patterns. Confirmed by the comparison of simulated and experimental findings, details of the structural distortion at the twin boundary can be demonstrated.
Search for strange tribaryons in the He4(K<i>stop</i>−,n<sup>π±</sup>) reaction
Yim, H.,Bhang, H.,Chiba, J.,Choi, Seonho,Fukuda, Y.,Hanaki, T.,Hayano, R.S.,Iio, M.,Ishikawa, T.,Ishimoto, S.,Ishiwatari, T.,Itahashi, K.,Iwai, M.,Iwasaki, M.,Kienle, P.,Kim, J.H.,Matsuda, Y.,Ohnishi, Elsevier 2010 Physics letters: B Vol.688 No.1
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>We have recently reported on an indication of the strange tribaryon state, S<SUP>+</SUP>, with a mass M∼3140 MeV/<SUP>c2</SUP> and width Γ<23 MeV/<SUP>c2</SUP>, in the neutron time-of-flight (TOF) spectrum of the He4(K<I>stop</I>−,n<SUP>π±</SUP>) reaction of the KEK-PS E471 experiment in a search for the deeply bound narrow <SUP>K−</SUP>ppn (total isospin T=0) state. In an attempt to confirm the state and search for other possible T=0, 1 tribaryonic states, we have re-measured the neutron energy spectrum of the same reaction in the KEK-PS E549 experiment with an upgraded setup for which the TOF resolution was improved 1.5 times and the statistics was increased 6 times. However, in the neutron spectra, we find such a smooth distribution that we conclude the state is either not so strong to stick out of the inclusive background or too broad to be identified as a distinct peak. We estimated the upper limits of the formation probability of the possible tribaryonic state for three widths, 0, 20, and 40 MeV/<SUP>c2</SUP>. The obtained upper limit (95% CL) for a state as narrow as 20 MeV/<SUP>c2</SUP> is at most 1% per stopped kaon over the wide mass range of 3000–3200 MeV/<I>c</I><SUP>2</SUP>, while it reaches to 4∼5% at around 3140 MeV/<I>c</I><SUP>2</SUP> for Γ⩾40 MeV/<SUP>c2</SUP>, implying the possible existence of unknown processes including tribaryonic formation.</P>
SEARCH FOR STRANGE TRIBARYON STATES IN THE 4He(STOPPED K-, p) REACTION
SATO, M.,BHANG, H.,CHIBA, J.,CHOI, SEONHO,FUKUDA, Y.,HANAKI, T.,HAYANO, R. S.,IIO, M.,ISHIKAWA, T.,ISHIMOTO, S.,ISHIWATARI, T.,ITAHASHI, K.,IWAI, M.,IWASAKI, M.,KIENLE, P.,KIM, J. H.,MATSUDA, Y.,OHNIS World Scientific 2009 International Journal of Modern Physics A Vol.24 No.2
<P> We have measured a proton energy from the stopped K<SUP>-</SUP> reaction on <SUP>4</SUP> He to search for strange tribaryon states at KEK 12 GeV PS. No statistically significant signal was observed in the missing mass spectrum obtained by the inclusive <SUP>4</SUP> He ( stopped K<SUP>-</SUP>, p) measurement. Upper limits of the formation branching ratio at the 95 % C.L. were derived for neutral tribaryon states with strangeness -1 to be (0.4 ~ 6) × 10<SUP>-4</SUP>, (0.2 ~ 6) × 10<SUP>-3</SUP> and (0.06 ~ 5) × 10<SUP>-2</SUP>/(stopped K<SUP>-</SUP>) for assumed natural widths of 0, 20 and 40 MeV /c<SUP>2</SUP>, respectively. </P>