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Kevin A. Hao,Robert J. Cueto,Christel Gharby,David Freeman,Joseph J. King,Thomas W. Wright,Diana Almader-Douglas,Bradley S. Schoch,Jean-David Werthel 대한견주관절학회 2024 대한견주관절의학회지 Vol.27 No.1
Background: Restoration of external (ER) and internal rotation (IR) after Grammont-style reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA) is often unreliable. The purpose of this systematic review was to evaluate the influence of RSA medio-lateral offset and subscapularis repair on axial rotation after RSA. Methods: We conducted a systematic review of studies evaluating axial rotation (ER, IR, or both) after RSA with a defined implant design. Medio-lateral implant classification was adopted from Werthel et al. Meta-analysis was conducted using a random-effects model. Results: Thirty-two studies reporting 2,233 RSAs were included (mean patient age, 72.5 years; follow-up, 43 months; 64% female). The subscapularis was repaired in 91% (n=2,032) of shoulders and did not differ based on global implant lateralization (91% for both, P=0.602). On meta-analysis, globally lateralized implants achieved greater postoperative ER (40° [36°–44°] vs. 27° [22°–32°], P<0.001) and postoperative improvement in ER (20° [15°–26°] vs. 10° [5°–15°], P<0.001). Lateralized implants with subscapularis repair or medialized implants without subscapularis repair had significantly greater postoperative ER and postoperative improvement in ER compared to globally medialized implants with subscapularis repair (P<0.001 for both). Mean postoperative IR was reported in 56% (n=18) of studies and achieved the minimum necessary IR in 51% of lateralized (n=325, 5 cohorts) versus 36% (n=177, 5 cohorts) of medialized implants. Conclusions: Lateralized RSA produces superior axial rotation compared to medialized RSA. Lateralized RSA with subscapularis repair and medialized RSA without subscapularis repair provide greater axial rotation compared to medialized RSA with subscapularis repair. Level of evidence: 2A.
Polyphyletic photosynthetic reaction centre genes in oligotrophic marine <i>Gammaproteobacteria</i>
Cho, Jang-Cheon,Stapels, Martha D.,Morris, Robert M.,Vergin, Kevin L.,Schwalbach, Michael S.,Givan, Scott A.,Barofsky, Douglas F.,Giovannoni, Stephen J. BLACKWELL SCIENCE 2007 ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY Vol.9 No.6
<P>Summary</P><P>Ecological studies indicate that aerobic anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria (AAP) that use bacteriochlorophyll to support phototrophic electron transport are widely distributed in the oceans. All cultivated marine AAP are alpha-3 and alpha-4 <I>Proteobacteria</I>, but metagenomic evidence indicates that uncultured AAP <I>Gammaproteobacteria</I> are important members of ocean surface microbial communities. Here we report the description of obligately oligotrophic, marine <I>Gammaproteobacteria</I> that have genes for aerobic anoxygenic photosynthesis. Three strains belonging to the OM60 clade were isolated in autoclaved seawater media. Polymerase chain reaction assays for the <I>puf</I>M gene show that these strains contain photosynthetic reaction centre genes. DNA sequencing and phylogenetic analysis indicate that the <I>puf</I>M genes are polyphyletic, suggesting multiple instances of lateral gene transfer. Peptide sequences from six photosynthesis genes (<I>puf</I>L, <I>puf</I>M, <I>puf</I>C, <I>puf</I>B, <I>puf</I>A and <I>puh</I>A) were detected by proteomic analyses of strain HTCC2080 cells grown aerobically in seawater. They closely match predicted peptides from an environmental seawater bacterial artificial chromosome clone of gammaproteobacterial origin, thus identifying the OM60 clade as a significant source of gammaproteobacterial AAP genes in marine systems. The cell yield and rate of growth of HTCC2080 in autoclaved, aerobic seawater increased in the light. These findings identify the OM60 clade as a source of <I>Gammaproteobacteria</I> AAP genes in coastal oceans, and demonstrate that aerobic, anoxygenic photosynthetic metabolism can enhance the productivity of marine oligotrophic bacteria that also grow heterotrophically in darkness.</P>