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Keqi Yao,Yan Liu 한국제임스조이스학회 2023 제임스조이스저널 Vol.29 No.2
At the beginning of the 1980s, some western scholars, like Itamar Even-Zohar, Susan Bassnett, André Lefevere and Lawrence Venuti gradually realized cultural elements in translation studies, such as rewriting, ideology, poetics and patronage, etc. The first Chinese translation was not published until 1994. So far, Jin Di’s edition (1994 and 1996), Xiao Qian/Wen Jieruo’s edition (1994) and Liu Xiangyu’s edition (2021) have been three mainstream translations in China. With the guidance of foreignization and domestication, Jin mainly adopted foreignization, similar to the “Theory of Equivalent Translation” that he has coined. Xiao and Wen claimed that translators should spare no effort to make the translation fluent and colloquial. Liu was devoted to find out the similarity of forms between source language and target language and make detailed interpretation on Irish history and culture. On the premise of respecting the original logic and main ideas, it is the best way to use both foreignization and domestication flexibly if needed. Throughout the centennial journey of “Odysseus” in China, Ulysses and its three Chinese translations have not only embarked on the cross-cultural communication and cooperation between China and Ireland, but also provided a magnificent example to overseas communication of modern Chinese literature in an era of globalization.
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ZntR positively regulates T6SS4 expression in Yersinia pseudotuberculosis
Tietao Wang,Keqi Chen,Fen Gao,Yiwen Kang,Muhammad Tausif Chaudhry,Zhuo Wang,Yao Wang,Xihui Shen 한국미생물학회 2017 The journal of microbiology Vol.55 No.6
The type VI secretion system (T6SS) is a widespread and versatile protein secretion system found in most Gram- negative bacteria. Studies of T6SS have mainly focused on its role in virulence toward host cells and inter-bacterial inter-actions, but studies have also shown that T6SS4 in Yersinia pseudotuberculosis participates in the acquisition of zinc ions to alleviate the accumulation of hydroxyl radicals induced by multiple stressors. Here, by comparing the gene expression patterns of wild-type and zntR mutant Y. pseudotubercu-losis cells using RNA-seq analysis, T6SS4 and 17 other bio-logical processes were found to be regulated by ZntR. T6SS4 was positively regulated by ZntR in Y. pseudotuberculosis, and further investigation demonstrated that ZntR regulates T6SS4 by directly binding to its promoter region. T6SS4 ex-pression is regulated by zinc via ZntR, which maintains in-tracellular zinc homeostasis and controls the concentration of reactive oxygen species to prevent bacterial death under oxidative stress. This study provides new insights into the regulation of T6SS4 by a zinc-dependent transcriptional regu-lator, and it provides a foundation for further investigation of the mechanism of zinc transport by T6SS.
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