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Adjuvant-dependent innate and adaptive immune signatures of risk of SIV<sub>mac251</sub> acquisition
Vaccari, Monica,Gordon, Shari N,Fourati, Slim,Schifanella, Luca,Liyanage, Namal P M,Cameron, Mark,Keele, Brandon F,Shen, Xiaoying,Tomaras, Georgia D,Billings, Erik,Rao, Mangala,Chung, Amy W,Dowell, Ka Nature Publishing Group 2016 Nature medicine Vol.22 No.7
<P>A recombinant vaccine containing Aventis Pasteur's canarypox vector (ALVAC)-HIV and gp120 alum. decreased the risk of HIV acquisition in the RV144 vaccine trial. The substitution, of alum with the more immunogenic MF59 adjuvant is under consideration for the next efficacy human trial. We found here that an ALVAC-simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) and gp120 alum (ALVAC-SIV + gp120) equivalent vaccine, but not an ALVAC-SIV + gp120 MF59 vaccine, was efficacious in delaying the onset of SIVmac251 in rhesus macaques, despite the higher immunogenicity of the latter adjuvant. Vaccine efficacy was associated with alum-induced, but not with MF59-induced, envelope (Env)-dependent mucosal innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) that produce interleukin (IL)-17, as well as with mucosal IgG to the gp120 variable region 2 (V2) and the expression of 12 genes, ten of which are part of the RAS pathway. The association between RAS activation and vaccine efficacy was also observed in an independent efficacious SIV-vaccine approach. Whether RAS activation, mucosal ILCs and antibodies to V2 are also important hallmarks of HIV-vaccine efficacy in humans will require further studies.</P>
Diazo-Coupling에 미치는 金屬 Ion의 影響
徐吉龍 釜山工業大學校 1969 論文集 Vol.8 No.-
Diazonium鹽을 Phenol類에 Coupling시키는 反應은 元來 Phenol類의 水酸基의 para位置에서 가장 잘 일어나는 것으로 알려져 있다. 그러나 金屬 Ion을 添加함으로써 ortho位置의 Coupling이 조금이라도 增加한다면, 金屬 Ion이 配向性을 變化시킬 수 있다는 点에서 興味꺼리가 아닐 수 없다. 더구나 生成되는 o-Hydroxyazo化合物은 金屬錯鹽染料의 中間體로서 最近에 相當히 重要視되고 있으며, 따라서 o-Coupling 反應은 工業的으로도 價値 있는 反應이라고 생각한다. 이와 같은 目的으로 (1) Phenol에 Benzenediazonium choloride를 Coupling를 Coupling시킬 때의 ?? Zn², ?? , Ion의 影響 및 (2) p-Bromophenol에 Benzenediazonium chloride를 Coupling시킬 때의 ??, ?? , ?? , ?? , Ion의 影響에 關해서 硏究한 結果, (2)의 境遇에는 金屬 Ion을 添加하지 않는 境遇에 比해서 ortho-Coupling速度가 커짐을 認定했다.