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Surgical Management of Takayasu's Arteritis
Jin Hyun Joh,김덕경,Kay Hyun Park,김동익 대한의학회 2006 Journal of Korean medical science Vol.21 No.1
The results of surgical bypass and endarterectomy in Takayasu’s arteritis (TA) were reported to be poor compared to usual atherosclerosis patients. However, if ischemic symptoms due to occlusive disease were severe, surgical procedures were inevitable. We report surgical experience of 5 patients with TA. Five women (ranged from 26 to 58 yr) were operated between June 1998 and May 2004. Three patients showed occlusion of main branches of aortic arch and had symptoms of cerebral ischemia. One patient showed near total occlusion in the midabdominal aorta and had symptoms of orthopnea and uncontrolled hypertension. One patient showed total occlusion of abdominal aorta at the level of aortic bifurcation and had a symptom of severe claudication on both legs. Bypasses from the ascending aorta to the carotid artery were performed in 3 cases. Bypass from the thoracic aorta to the left common iliac artery was performed in one case and endarterectomy of abdominal aorta in one case. The ischemic symptoms related with arterial occlusion were resolved after surgery. And the symptoms of cardiac failure disappeared. The symptomatic TA frequently required arterial reconstruction. The symptomatic improvement and excellent mid-term patency could be expected after arterial reconstruction and endarterectomy
( Ji Hyun Lee ),( Chul Seung Kay ),( Lee So Maeng ),( Se Jeong Oh ),( An Hi Lee ),( Jeong Deuk Lee ),( Chi Wha Han ),( Sang Hyun Cho ) 대한피부과학회 2009 Annals of Dermatology Vol.21 No.4
Background: Radiation therapy (RT) including tomotherapy has been widely used to treat primary tumors, as well as to alleviate the symptoms of metastatic cancers. Objective: The primary purpose of this study was to examine the characteristics of the clinical features and pathophysiological mechanisms associated with acute radiation dermatitis in cancer patients that received tomotherapy, and compare the results to patients treated by conventional radiation therapy. Methods: The study population consisted of 11 patients that were referred to the dermatology department because of radiation dermatitis after receiving tomotherapy; all patients were evaluated for clinical severity. The patients were assessed and identified using the National Cancer Institute Common Toxicity Criteria version (CTC) 3.0. We performed biopsies of the skin lesions that were examined for apoptosis using the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick end-labelling (TUNEL) assay and stained immunohistochemically with monoclonal antibodies to CD8, CD4 and TGF-β. As a positive control, patients with radiation dermatitis treated with conventional radiation therapy were also studied. Results: The results of the clinical features of the skin of tomotherapy patients were the following: grade 1 (36%), grade 2 (55%) and other changes (9%). Among the population that had skin lesions due to acute radiation dermatitis, the mean number of positive cells per high power field (HPF) was the following: there were 30.50±7.50 TUNEL-positive cells, 34.60±12.50 CD8+T cells, 5.19±3.17 CD4+T cells and 9.95±1.33 TGF-β positive cells measured per HPF. The mean number of positive cells per HPF for the patients that received conventional radiation therapy was: TUNLEL-positive cells in 7.5±1.64, CD8-, CD4- and TGF-β-positive cells in 12.50±3.73, 3.16±1.47, 6.50±1.97. Conclusion: We found that the number of TUNEL-positive cells and CD8+T cells were higher in the lesions of patients receiving tomotherapy compared to the lesions of the patients receiving conventional radiation therapy. These findings suggest that tomotherapy without dose modification may cause significantly more severe forms of radiation dermatitis by apoptosis and cytotoxic immune responses than conventional radiation therapy. (Ann Dermatol 21(4) 358~363, 2009)