[EU] 유럽연합에서의 고용의 질

Timo Kauppinen 한국노동연구원 2005 국제노동브리프 Vol.3 No.7

ADVANCED MEASUREMENTS OF FIBER DIMENSIONS : NEW KAJAANI FIBERLAB

Tiikkaja,Esa,Kauppinen,Marko,Sopenlehto,Taina,Farrand,Nigel 강원대학교 부설 창강제지 기술연구소 1998 제지기술 Vol.- No.12

Valmet Automation has over 15 years experience in fiber analysis. The first true fiber length analyzer, KAJAANI FS-100, was introduced to the market in 1982. Later in 1987, the fully automatic KAJAANI FS-200 was launched and soon became the standard for fiber length measurement. The on-line KAJAANI FSA analyzer, based on FS-200 technology, arrived in mills during 1993. The unique KAJAANI FiberLab analyzer is now set to write the next chapter in the story of fiber characteristic analysis. The KAJAANI FiberLab combines the standardized fiber length measurement with new fiber width and cell wall thickness measurements. The unique accuracy of the KAJAANI FiberLab makes it equally suitable for research and as a standard production laboratory tool. Connected to the mill information system FiberLab can provide rapid fiber characteristics for faster process control decisions and valuable data for efficient fiber utilization.

VIRTUAL PROXIMITY: LUXURY FASHION BRANDS ALLURING MILLENNIALS?

Linda Lisa Maria Turunen,Hannele Kauppinen-R?is?nen,Joonas Ketola 글로벌지식마케팅경영학회 2019 Global Fashion Management Conference Vol.2019 No.07

Carbon-sandwiched perovskite solar cell

Ahn, Namyoung,Jeon, Il,Yoon, Jungjin,Kauppinen, Esko I.,Matsuo, Yutaka,Maruyama, Shigeo,Choi, Mansoo The Royal Society of Chemistry 2018 Journal of Materials Chemistry A Vol.6 No.4

<P>Promising perovskite solar cell technology with soaring power conversion efficiencies has the common problems of low stability and high cost. This work provides a solution to these problems by employing a carbon sandwich structure, in which the fullerene bottom layer solves the stability issue and the carbon nanotube top electrode layer offers the merits of having high stability and being low-cost. Devices fabricated using different hole-transporting materials infiltrated into carbon nanotube networks were examined for their performance and stability under constant illumination in air. Polymeric hole-transporting layers show much higher stability when combined with carbon nanotubes due to their compact nature and stronger interaction with the carbon network. As a result, the encapsulated device showed high stability both in air and under light illumination, maintaining up to 80% of the initial efficiency after 2200 hours under actual operation conditions. Cost analysis also shows that using the polymeric hole-transporting materials in carbon nanotube films brings the fabrication cost down to less than 5.5% that of conventional devices. Our study proposes a promising cell structure toward highly stable and low-cost perovskite photovoltaic technologies for the future.</P>

EAAC1 Gene Deletion Alters Zinc Homeostasis and Exacerbates Neuronal Injury after Transient Cerebral Ischemia.

Won, Seok Joon,Yoo, Byung Hoon,Brennan, Angela M,Shin, Byung Seop,Kauppinen, Tiina M,Berman, Ari E,Swanson, Raymond A,Suh, Sang Won The Society 2010 The Journal of neuroscience Vol.30 No.46

<P>EAAC1 is a neuronal glutamate and cysteine transporter. EAAC1 uptake of cysteine provides substrate for neuronal glutathione synthesis, which plays a key role in both antioxidant defenses and intracellular zinc binding. Here we evaluated the role of EAAC1 in neuronal resistance to ischemia. EAAC1(-/-) mice subjected to transient cerebral ischemia exhibited twice as much hippocampal neuronal death as wild-type mice and a corresponding increase in microglial activation. EAAC1(-/-) mice also had elevated vesicular and cytosolic zinc concentrations in hippocampal CA1 neurons and an increased zinc translocation to postsynaptic neurons after ischemia. Treatment of the EAAC1(-/-) mice with N-acetyl cysteine restored neuronal glutathione concentrations and normalized basal zinc levels in the EAAC1(-/-) mice. Treatment of the EAAC1(-/-) mice with either N-acetyl cysteine or with zinc chelators reduced ischemia-induced zinc translocation, superoxide production, and neuron death. These findings suggest that cysteine uptake by EAAC1 is important for zinc homeostasis and neuronal antioxidant function under ischemic conditions.</P>

Prevention of Hypoglycemia-Induced Neuronal Death by Hypothermia

Shin, Byung Seop,Won, Seok Joon,Yoo, Byung Hoon,Kauppinen, Tiina M,Suh, Sang Won SAGE Publications 2010 Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism Vol.30 No.2

<P> Hypothermia reduces neuronal damage after cerebral ischemia and traumatic brain injury, while hyperthermia exacerbates damage from these insults. Previously we have shown that temperature-dependent modulation of excitotoxic neuronal death is mediated in part by temperature-dependent changes in the synaptic release/translocation of Zn<SUP>2+</SUP>. In this study, we hypothesize that brain temperature also affects hypoglycemia-induced neuronal death by modulation of vesicular Zn<SUP>2+</SUP> release from presynaptic terminals. To test our hypothesis, we used a rat model of insulin-induced hypoglycemia. Here we found that hypoglycemia-induced neuronal injury was significantly affected by brain temperature, that is, hypothermia inhibited while hyperthermia aggravated neuronal death. To investigate the mechanism of temperature-dependent neuronal death after hypoglycemia, we measured zinc release/translocation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and microglia activation. Here we found that hypoglycemia-induced Zn<SUP>2+</SUP> release/translocation, ROS production, and microglia activation were inhibited by hypothermia but aggravated by hyperthermia. Even when the insult was accompanied by hyperthermic conditions, zinc chelation inhibited ROS production and microglia activation. Zinc chelation during hyperthermia reduced neuronal death, superoxide production, and microglia activation, which was comparable to the protective effects of hypothermia. We conclude that neuronal death after hypoglycemia is temperature-dependent and is mediated by increased Zn<SUP>2+</SUP> release, superoxide production, and microglia activation. </P>

Intra- and Interrater Reliability of Sagittal Spinopelvic Parameters on Full-Spine Radiographs in Adults With Symptomatic Spinal Disorders

Kati Kristiina Kyrölä,Järvenpää Salme,Järviluoma Tuija,Irmola Tero,Kauppinen Eero,Häkkinen Arja 대한척추신경외과학회 2018 Neurospine Vol.15 No.2

Objective: To evaluate the intra- and interrater reliability (I-IR) of sagittal spinopelvic parameters from digital full-spine plain radiographs with basic software tools in an unselected adult population with degenerative spinal complaints who were evaluated for surgery. Methods: Forty-nine adult full-spine digital radiographs were measured twice by 3 independent observers, including an experienced spine surgeon, an experienced radiologist, and a resident orthopedic surgeon. Clinical picture archiving and communication system workstations and software tools were used and landmarks were set manually. The I-IR of the sagittal vertical axis (SVA), pelvic tilt (PT), pelvic incidence (PI), sacral slope (SS), and thoracic kyphosis in T4–T12 (TK) were assessed. Results: The intrarater intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) scores varied from 0.82 to 0.99. The interrater ICC scores ranged from 0.78 to 0.99. The intrarater standard error of measurement (SEM) values for SS, PT, PI, and TK varied from 0.8° to 5.0°, and the interrater SEM values ranged from 2.5° to 6.2°, depending on the parameter and the reading round. The I-IR SEM values for SVA varied from 2.2 to 5.7 mm and from 4.6 to 5.0 mm, respectively. Kappa values were >0.88 for all readers. The intrarater variability was the smallest for the most experienced rater. Conclusion: The I-IR of measuring sagittal spinopelvic parameters on digital full-spine images with basic software tools was high. Parameters consisting of several anatomic landmarks were more liable to error. Rater experience had a positive influence on reliability and repeatability. Reader experience should be assessed before accepting measurements for surgical planning and the interpretation of surgical correction during postoperative follow-up.

Non-doped and unsorted single-walled carbon nanotubes as carrier-selective, transparent, and conductive electrode for perovskite solar cells

Sakaguchi, Takahiro,Jeon, Il,Chiba, Takaaki,Shawky, Ahmed,Xiang, Rong,Chiashi, Shohei,Kauppinen, Esko I.,Park, Nam-Gyu,Matsuo, Yutaka,Maruyama, Shigeo Cambridge University Press (Materials Research Soc 2018 MRS Communications Vol.8 No.3

<▼1><B>Abstract</B><P/></▼1><▼2><P>Lead halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) with a structure of glass/FTO/TiO2/CH3NH3PbI3 with single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNT) as the transparent top electrodes, followed by polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) over-coating were fabricated. The SWNT-based PSCs do not require expensive metal electrodes and hole-transporting materials yet produce a decent power conversion efficiency of 11.8%, owing to the densifying effect of SWNTs by PMMA. The resulting devices demonstrate reduced hysteresis, improved stability, and increased power conversion efficiency.</P></▼2>

Investigations of NanoBud formation

Nasibulin, Albert G.,Anisimov, Anton S.,Pikhitsa, Peter V.,Jiang, Hua,Brown, David P.,Choi, Mansoo,Kauppinen, Esko I. Elsevier 2007 Chemical physics letters Vol.446 No.1

<P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P><P>Schematic presentation of a novel carbon nanomaterial, NanoBud, grown by continuous transportation of a carbon layer from a catalyst particle to a CNT.</P><ce:figure></ce:figure> <P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>The formation of a novel hybrid material, NanoBuds, single-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) with covalently attached fullerenes was investigated in a ferrocene–carbon monoxide system. Fullerenes and CNTs were simultaneously formed by carbon monoxide disproportionation on the surface of iron particles in the presence of etching agents such as H<SUB>2</SUB>O and CO<SUB>2</SUB>. On the basis of parametric investigations and <I>in situ</I> sampling of the product from different locations in the reactor the mechanisms for NanoBud formation are discussed.</P>

Is there chiral correlation between graphitic layers in double-wall carbon nanotubes?

He, Maoshuai,Xu, Ziwei,Shang, Danhong,Zhang, Xiuyun,Zhang, Hao,Li, Dong,Jiang, Hua,Kauppinen, Esko,Ding, Feng Elsevier 2019 Carbon Vol.144 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Because of the unique concentric structure, double-wall carbon nanotubes (DWNTs) possess fascinating properties which depend on the respective chirality of both the outer and the inner tubes. In this work, we study the chiral correlations of DWNTs synthesized by chemical vapor deposition on Fe nanoparticles. Contrary to some recent report, the distribution of chiral angle difference between inner and outer tubes in our work agrees with that calculated for all possible configurations. Remarkably, DWNTs with commensurate structures, <I>i.e</I>. outer and inner tubes have same chiral angles, are observed. The mechanism for the formation of DWNTs with approximately commensurate structures is discussed on the basis of layer by layer model. Furthermore, the interactional energies between the inner and outer walls are calculated to address the stability of different DWNT configurations. This work helps understand the growth mechanism of DWNTs and comprehend their structure stabilities with different configurations.</P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>Double-wall carbon nanotubes (DWNTs) synthesized by chemical vapor deposition show randomly distributed chiral angle differences between inner and outer tubes. The mechanism for the formation of DWNTs with approximately commensurate structures is discussed based on layer by layer model. The interactional energies between the inner and outer walls are calculated to address the stability of different DWNT configurations.</P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>