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Bhaskar Kathirvelu,Sendilvelan Subramanian 대한환경공학회 2017 Environmental Engineering Research Vol.22 No.3
This paper is based on experiments conducted on a stationary, four stroke, naturally aspirated air cooled, single cylinder compression ignition engine coupled with an electrical swinging field dynamometer. Instead of 100% diesel, 20% Jatropha oil methyl ester with 80% diesel blend was injected directly in engine beside 25% pre-mixed charge of diesel in mixing chamber and with 20% exhaust gas recirculation. The performance and emission characteristics are compared with conventional 100% diesel injection in main chamber. The blend with diesel premixed charge with and without exhaust gas recirculation yields in reduction of oxides of nitrogen and particulate matter. Adverse effects are reduction of brake thermal efficiency, increase of unburnt hydrocarbons (UBHC), carbon monoxide (CO) and specific energy consumption. UBHC and CO emissions are higher with Diesel Premixed Combustion Ignition (DPMCI) mode compared to compression ignition direct injection (CIDI) mode. Percentage increases in UBHC and CO emissions are 27% and 23.86%, respectively compared to CIDI mode. Oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and soot emissions are lower and the percentage decrease with DPMCI mode are 32% and 33.73%, respectively compared to CIDI mode.
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Segmental Spinal Dysgenesis–“Redefined”
Amarnath Chellathurai,,Balaji Ayyamperumal,Rajakumari Thirumaran,Gopinathan Kathirvelu,Priya Muthaiyan,Sivakumar Kannappan 대한척추외과학회 2019 Asian Spine Journal Vol.13 No.2
Study Design: Retrospective single institutional observational study. Purpose: Segmental spinal dysgenesis (SSD), a complex spinal dysraphic state caused by notochord malformation disorders, is named after its morphological presentation where a spine segment is dysgenetic, malformed or absent. This study’s objective was to examine and reassess SSD imaging findings and correlate them with an embryological explanation. Overview of Literature: Scott and his colleagues defined SSD as segmental agenesis or dysgenesis of the lumbar or thoracolumbar vertebrae and underlying spinal cord. Tortori-Donati and his colleagues defined it as a morphologic continuum ranging from hypoplasia to an absent spinal cord segment. Methods: Fifteen children, whose imaging findings and clinical features were consistent with SSD, were included in the study. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed per institutional spine protocol. Results: Five children (33.3%) presented with a high-ending bulbous cord with no caudal segment, six (40%) presented with a dorsal or lumbar segmental dysgenetic cord with a low-lying, bulky caudal cord but without significant spinal canal narrowing, and four (26.6%) presented with segmental caudal dysgenesis with severe kyphoscoliosis, gibbus deformity, and spinal canal narrowing with a normal distal segment (normal or low-lying). Conclusions: SSD is a complex spinal anomaly in children requiring clinical-radiological assessment followed by multidisciplinary management based on the extent and severity of the dysgenetic cord and the type of SSD. MRI plays a crucial role in both diagnosing and classifying SSD prior to surgical treatment to prevent further impairment.
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Balachandran Chellapandian,Anbalagan Sankarappan,Kandeepan Chithan,Arun Nagendran Natarajan,Jayakumar Manickkam,Fathi Abd_Allah Elsayed,Alqarawi Abdulaziz A.,Hashem Abeer,Kathirvelu Baskar 한국응용곤충학회 2021 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.24 No.3
Mosquitoes are medically important insects worldwide. They serve as a primary vector for transmitting several major diseases like dengue and chikungunya, chiefly spread through Aedes aegypti, a prominent mosquito vector. The present study focused on evaluating the inhibitory effect of natural alkaloids on the acetylcholinesterase present in Ae. aegypti using molecular docking studies. A total of 25 different alkaloids were selected as ligands and their docking ability with an Acetylcholinesterase 1 (AChE1) recept or found in Ae. aegypti was performed by AutoDock. Results indicated that alpha-solanine had the best fit into the AChE1 binding pocket with a minimum binding energy of − 8.13 kJ/mol. Among the different alkaloids tested, it is suggested that alpha-solanine would serve as the best inhibitor of AChE1 in Ae. aegypti.
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