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What is a Resilient Society? Toward Integrated Resilient Communities: A View from Germany
Roland Benedikter and Karim Fathi 부산대학교 한국민족문화연구소 2017 Localities Vol.7 No.-
Like most Western societies, contemporary Germany is in the process of deep restructuring through change drivers, such as the migration crisis; the turn to sustainable energy; and new security needs triggered by recent terror attacks, such as the one onto the Berlin Christmas market in December, 2016. While there is a significantly growing challenge to the public management of new multi-cultural and multi-religious ambiences, particularly in urban centers and regional conurbations, climate change will play a role in transforming the agricultural and farming sector, and natural desasters, such as the floodings in Northern Germany in the summer of 2017, may become more frequent. Given all this multi-dimensional and interrelated change, the question is how German communities–with their diverse needs between the agricultural north and the industrial south, and between the so-called "old" federal states in the west and the "new" federal states in the East–may become more resilient. In addition, there is a new discourse in Europe about the overall resilience of nation states given their increasing internal differentiation. The main question is what the decisive factors for increasing resilience can and should be.
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Mohamed El Alfy,Fathy Abdalla,Karim Moubark,Talal Alharbi 한국지질과학협의회 2019 Geosciences Journal Vol.23 No.2
Hydrochemical investigations, including geochemical analyses, multivariate statistics and geostatistics, were conducted to assess the factors that influence groundwater geochemistry and pollution potentiality in Luxor area, Upper Egypt. A total of thirty-one groundwater and surface water samples from the Quaternary aquifer and the River Nile were analyzed for fourteen physical and chemical variables for each sample. Spatial variations in total dissolved solids and nitrate concentration were mapped. Piper and Durov diagrams indicate that the hydrochemistry of groundwater is influenced by the secondary processes; mixing with fresh water from the River Nile and El Kalabia Canal, irrigation return flow, and sewage leakage, and reverse ion-exchange process. The hydrochemical modeling of mineral phase saturation indices shows that nearly all of the groundwater points are undersaturated with reference to calcite, aragonite, dolomite, anhydrite, gypsum, and halite. Correlation coefficients of the different variables are consistent with the saturation indices. Cluster analysis was used to identify four significant, distinct groundwater zones where the original groundwater was influenced differently by mixing processes. Factor analysis showed four mutually interfering factors reveal the chemical characteristics of the groundwater; these factors are caused by rock-water interactions, mixing of waters of different origins, and anthropogenic effects. Integration of hydrochemical and statistical analyses approach can be applied for the better management of water resources at a regional scale and in areas with comparable conditions.
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