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Security, Vulnerability and Protection of Vehicular On-board Diagnostics
Aastha Yadav,Gaurav Bose,Radhika Bhange,Karan Kapoor,N.Ch.S.N Iyengar,Ronnie D. Caytiles 보안공학연구지원센터 2016 International Journal of Security and Its Applicat Vol.10 No.4
Recent studies have shown that ‘’hacktivists’’ can mount serious attacks on automobiles. The automotive On-Board Diagnostic (OBD) interface enables an efficient way to access information of the in-vehicle electronic system and leaves way for unauthorized access by an intruder. We discover that remote exploitation is feasible via a broad range of attack points such as mechanic tools, CD players, Bluetooth and Tire Pressure Monitoring System. Wireless communications channels allow long distance vehicle control. Finally, the paper discusses the drawbacks of Seed-Key Mechanism to authenticate and provide an extra layer of authentication to help build a safer automotive ecosystem.
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Recent trends and challenges of surface electromyography in prosthetic applications
Drishti Yadav,Karan Veer 대한의용생체공학회 2023 Biomedical Engineering Letters (BMEL) Vol.13 No.3
Surface electromyography (sEMG) meets extensive applications in the field of prosthesis in the current period. The effectivenessof sEMG in prosthesis applications has been verified by numerous revolutionary developments and extensive researchattempts. A large volume of research and literature works have explored and validated the vast use of these signals in prosthesesas an assistive technology. The objective of this paper is to conduct a systematic review and offer a detailed overviewof the work record in the prosthesis and myoelectric interfaces framework. This review utilized a systematic search strategyto identify published articles discussing the state-of-the-art applications of sEMG in prostheses (including upper limbprosthesis and lower limb prostheses). Relevant studies were identified using electronic databases such as PubMed, IEEEExplore, SCOPUS, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar and Web of Science. Out of 3791 studies retrieved from the databases,188 articles were found to be potentially relevant (after screening of abstracts and application of inclusion–exclusion criteria)and included in this review. This review presents an investigative analysis of sEMG-based prosthetic applications to assist thereaders in making further advancements in this field. It also discusses the fundamental advantages and disadvantages of usingsEMG in prosthetic applications. It also includes some important guidelines to follow in order to improve the performanceof sEMG-based prosthesis. The findings of this study support the widespread use of sEMG in prosthetics. It is concludedthat sEMG-based prosthesis technology, still in its sprouting phase, requires significant explorations for further development. Supplementary investigations are necessary in the direction of making a seamless mechanism of biomechatronics forsEMG-based prosthesis by cohesive efforts of robotic researchers and biomedical engineers.
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Rajeev Joshi,Hukum Singh,Ramesh Chhetri,Karan Yadav 강원대학교 산림과학연구소 2020 Journal of Forest Science Vol.36 No.2
This study was carried out in degraded and non-degraded community forests (CF) in the Terai region of Kanchanpur district, Nepal. A total of 63 concentric sample plots each of 500 m2 was laid in the inventory for estimating above and below-ground biomass of forests by using systematic random sampling with a sampling intensity of 0.5%. Mallotus philippinensis and Shorea robusta were the most dominant species in degraded and non-degraded CF accounting Importance Value Index (I.V.I) of 97.16 and 178.49, respectively. Above-ground tree biomass carbon in degraded and non-degraded community forests was 74.64±16.34 t ha-1 and 163.12±20.23 t ha-1, respectively. Soil carbon sequestration in degraded and non-degraded community forests was 42.55±3.10 t ha-1 and 54.21±3.59 t ha-1, respectively. Hence, the estimated total carbon stock was 152.68±22.95 t ha-1 and 301.08±27.07 t ha-1 in degraded and non-degraded community forests, respectively. It was found that the carbon sequestration in the non-degraded community forest was 1.97 times higher than in the degraded community forest. CO2 equivalent in degraded and non-degraded community forests was 553 t ha-1 and 1105 t ha-1, respectively. Statistical analysis showed a significant difference between degraded and non-degraded community forests in terms of its total biomass and carbon sequestration potential (p<0.05). Studies indicate that the community forest has huge potential and can reward economic benefits from carbon trading to benefit from the REDD+/CDM mechanism by promoting the sustainable conservation of community forests.
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