An efficient analysis of nanomaterial cytotoxicity based on bioimpedance

Kandasamy, Karthikeyan,Choi, Cheol Soo,Kim, Sanghyo IOP Pub 2010 Nanotechnology Vol.21 No.37

<P>In the emerging nanotechnology field, there is an urgent need for the development of a significant and sensitive method that can be used to analyse and compare the cytotoxicities of nanomaterials such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), since such materials can be applied as contrast agents or drug delivery carriers. The bioimpedance system possesses great potential in many medical research fields including nanotechnology. Electric cell–substrate impedance sensing (ECIS) is a particular bioimpedance system that offers a real-time, non-invasive, and quantitative measurement method for the cytotoxicity of various materials. The present work compared the cytotoxicity of AuNPs to that of purchased single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs). The size-controlled and monodispersed AuNPs were synthesized under autoclaved conditions and reduced by ascorbic acid (AA) whereas the purchased SWCNTs were used without any surface modifications. Bioimpedance results were validated by conventional WST-1 and trypan blue assays, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) were performed to examine nanomaterials inside the VERO cells. This research evaluates the ability of the ECIS system compared to those of conventional methods in analyzing the cytotoxicity of AuNPs and SWCNTs with higher sensitivity under real-time conditions. </P>

NON LINEAR VARIABLE VISCOSITY ON MHD MIXED CONVECTION HEAT TRANSFER ALONG HIEMENZ FLOW OVER A THERMALLY STRATIFIED POROUS WEDGE

Kandasamy, R.,Hashim, I.,Ruhaila, K. Korean Society of Computational and Applied Mathem 2008 Journal of applied mathematics & informatics Vol.26 No.1

The effect of variable viscosity on MHD mixed convection Hiemenz flow over a thermally stratified porous wedge plate has been studied in the presence of suction or injection. The wall of the wedge is embedded in a uniform Darcian porous medium in order to allow for possible fluid wall suction or injection and has a power-law variation of the wall temperature. An approximate numerical solution for the steady laminar boundary-layer flow over a wall of the wedge in the presence of thermal diffusion has been obtained by solving the governing equations using numerical technique. The fluid is assumed to be viscous and incompressible. Numerical calculations are carried out for different values of dimensionless parameters and an analysis of the results obtained shows that the flow field is influenced appreciably by the magnetic effect, variable viscosity, thermal stratification and suction / injection at wall surface. Effects of these major parameters on the transport behaviors are investigated methodically and typical results are illustrated to reveal the tendency of the solutions. Comparisons with previously published works are performed and excellent agreement between the results is obtained.

SSH reveals different functional categories of putative resin synthesizing genes in the industrial insect, Kerria lacca (Kerr)

Kandasamy Thamilarasi,Ekbal Sajiya,Kumari Kanchan 한국응용곤충학회 2021 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.24 No.4

Biosynthesis mechanism of the only animal resin, lac resin remains elusive to the scientific community. An attempt to identify the genes of resin biosynthesis in lac insects was made through SSH (Suppression Subtraction Hybridization) library by subtracting genes of resin non secreting stage (neonate nymphs) from the resin secreting stage (adult female) of the lac insect. SSH library yielded 107 non redundant clones with 61 clones having sequences homologous with known functions (defence, development, metabolism, regulation, transport, cell division, respiration, structural role), 7 clones having hypothetical proteins or uncharacterized proteins and 39 clones did not find any matches. Among the differentially expressed genes, few putative genes of terpene biosynthesis, fatty acid biosynthesis and transcriptional regulation were identified. Out of them, an IDS (Iso pentenyl Diphosphate Synthase) type decaprenyl diphosphate synthase and a desaturase gene, acyl-CoA delta desaturase were cloned from lac insects and sequenced. Their expression levels were found to be more in lac resin synthesis stages such as settled nymphs and fertilized female insects in comparison with resin non secreting stage, crawlers (neonate nymphs). It gives a clear indication of their role in lac resin biosynthesis due to the correlation of their expression level with resin biosynthesis in lac insects.

Experimental analysis and modeling of steel fiber reinforced SCC using central composite design

Kandasamy. S,Akila. P 사단법인 한국계산역학회 2015 Computers and Concrete, An International Journal Vol.15 No.2

The emerging technology of self compacting concrete, fiber reinforcement together reduces vibration and substitute conventional reinforcement which help in improving the economic efficiency of the construction. The objective of this work is to find the regression model to determine the response surface of mix proportioning Steel Fiber Reinforced Self Compacting Concrete (SFSCC) using statistical investigation. A total of 30 mixtures were designed and analyzed based on Design of Experiment (DOE). The fresh properties of SCC and mechanical properties of concrete were studied using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The results were analyzed by limited proportion of fly ash, fiber, volume combination ratio of two steel fibers with aspect ratio of 50/35: 60/30 and super plasticizer (SP) dosage. The center composite designs (CCD) have selected to produce the response in quadratic equation. The model responses included in the primary stage were flowing ability, filling ability , passing ability and segregation index whereas in harden stage of concrete, compressive strength, split tensile strength and flexural strength at 28 days were tested. In this paper, the regression model and the response surface plots have been discussed, and optimal results were found for all the responses.

The fucose containing polymer (FCP) rich fraction of Ascophyllum nodosum (L.) Le Jol. protects Caenorhabditis elegans against Pseudomonas aeruginosa by triggering innate immune signaling pathways and suppression of pathogen virulence factors

Kandasamy, Saveetha,Khan, Wajahatullah,Kulshreshtha, Garima,Evans, Franklin,Critchley, Alan T.,Fitton, J.H.,Stringer, Damien N.,Gardiner, Vicki-Anne,Prithiviraj, Balakrishnan The Korean Society of Phycology 2015 ALGAE Vol.30 No.2

Brown algal extracts have long been used as feed supplements to promote health of farm animals. Here, we show new molecular insights in to the mechanism of action of a fucose containing polymer (FCP) rich fraction from the brown seaweed Ascophyllum nodosum using the Caenorhabditis elegans-Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA14 infection model. FCP enhanced survival of C. elegans against pathogen stress, correlated with up-regulation of key immune response genes such as: lipases, lysozyme (lys-1), saponin-like protein (spp-1), thaumatin-like protein (tlp-1), matridin SK domain protein (msk-1), antibacterial protein (abf-1), and lectin family protein (lfp). Further, FCP caused down regulation of P. aeruginosa quorum sensing genes: (lasI, lasR, rhlI, and rhlR), secreted virulence factors (lipase, proteases, and elastases) and toxic metabolites (pyocyanin, hydrogen cyanide, and siderophore). Biofilm formation and motility of pathogenic bacteria were also greatly attenuated when the culture media were treated with FCP. Interestingly, FCP failed to mitigate the pathogen stress in skn-1, daf-2, and pmk-1 mutants of C. elegans. This indicated that, FCP treatment acted on the regulation of fundamental innate immune pathways, which are conserved across the majority of organisms including humans. This study suggests the possible use of FCP, a seaweed component, as a functional food source for healthy living.

Idaho national laboratory to demonstrate collaboration first versus competition to accelerate achieving a secure clean energy future by 2031

Kandasamy Jhansi,Brunner Elizabeth 한국원자력학회 2024 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.56 No.3

Idaho National Laboratory (INL) announced at COP27 it would reach net zero greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 2031. As a Nuclear, Energy and Environment, and National Homeland Security laboratory, the predominant solution to closing the clean energy gap will include nuclear as a safe, clean, reliable and affordable electricity source with the additional benefit of producing heat and hydrogen to fuel INL’s large transportation fleet. INL’s collaboration first vs. competition is essential to the program’s success. The focused actions in INL’s Nuclear Roadmap include: Infrastructure, Licensing/Regulatory, Financial, Time to Market, Fuel Cycle and Public Confidence/Communications. The roadmap also includes nuclear technology innovations and creative partnerships with utility providers, regulators, businesses, community members, and Indigenous Peoples to accelerate deployment of advanced reactors. Through development of the Net-Zero Nuclear Roadmap, INL will offer a model to provide safe and secure energy for the nation and the world by: (1) establishing the necessary infrastructure on its 890-square mile site to support demonstration, (2) showing proven pathways through the licensing and regulation process, (3) partnering with utilities to ensure commercial application, and (4) collaborating with industry to site new technologies.

Characterisation of fungal contamination sources for use in quality management of cheese production farms in Korea

Kandasamy, Sujatha,Park, Won Seo,Yoo, Jayeon,Yun, Jeonghee,Kang, Han Byul,Seol, Kuk-Hwan,Oh, Mi-Hwa,Ham, Jun Sang Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2020 Animal Bioscience Vol.33 No.6

Objective: This study was conducted to determine the composition and diversity of the fungal flora at various control points in cheese ripening rooms of 10 dairy farms from six different provinces in the Republic of Korea. Methods: Floor, wall, cheese board, room air, cheese rind and core were sampled from cheese ripening rooms of ten different dairy farms. The molds were enumerated using YM petrifilm, while isolation was done on yeast extract glucose chloramphenicol agar plates. Morphologically distinct isolates were identified using sequencing of internal transcribed spacer region. Results: The fungal counts in 8 out of 10 dairy farms were out of acceptable range, as per hazard analysis critical control point regulation. A total of 986 fungal isolates identified and assigned to the phyla Ascomycota (14 genera) and Basidiomycota (3 genera). Of these Penicillium, Aspergillus, and Cladosporium were the most diverse and predominant. The cheese ripening rooms was overrepresented in 9 farms by Penicillium (76%), while Aspergillus in a single farm. Among 39 species, the prominent members were Penicillium commune, P. oxalicum, P. echinulatum, and Aspergillus versicolor. Most of the mold species detected on surfaces were the same found in the indoor air of cheese ripening rooms. Conclusion: The environment of cheese ripening rooms persuades a favourable niche for mold growth. The fungal diversity in the dairy farms were greatly influenced by several factors (exterior atmosphere, working personnel etc.,) and their proportion varied from one to another. Proper management of hygienic and production practices and air filtration system would be effective to eradicate contamination in cheese processing industries.

Biogenic silver embedded magnesium oxide nanoparticles induce the cytotoxicity in human prostate cancer cells

Saravanakumar, Kandasamy,Wang, Myeong-Hyeon Elsevier 2019 Advanced powder technology Vol.30 No.4

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>This work reports the synthesis, characterization, and cytotoxicity of biogenic magnesium oxide nanoparticles (MgONPs) and nanosilver embedded magnesium oxide nanoparticles (Ag-MgONPs). The formation of nanoparticles (NPs) was confirmed by the indications of color changes and precipitations. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern studies showed the agglomeration colloids, porous, spherical, needle-shaped and crystal nature of MgONPs, whereas, the Ag-MgONPs was hexagonal, and spherical structured nanocrystals. Energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (EDS) study indicated the existence of Ag, Mg, and O in NPs complex. The particle size analysis (PSA) revealed the mean size of 15.09 nm for Ag-MgONPs and 13.68 nm for MgONPs. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) showed the peaks corresponding to amide, carboxylic acids, aromatics, alkene and esters from mycelial cell-free extract (MCFE). The absorbed and lattices oxygen of MgO was probably assigned in the formation of Ag-MgONPs as indicated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Cytotoxicity assay showed the Ag-MgONPs was stronger in inducing the prostate cancer (PC-3) cell death than the MgONPs. This work concluded that Ag-MgONPs could be potential therapeutics for cancer therapy.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Green synthesis of silver embedded magnesium oxide nanoparticles (Ag-MgONPs). </LI> <LI> These nanoparticles are characterized by FETEM-EDS, SEM-EDS, XRD, FTIR, PSA, and XPS. </LI> <LI> Ag-MgO NPs induce the apoptosis in prostate cancer cells through oxidative stress. </LI> <LI> Ag-MgO NPs reported as a potent chemotherapeutic for human prostate cancer. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Green synthesis and characterization of biologically active nanosilver from seed extract of <i>Gardenia jasminoides</i> Ellis

Saravanakumar, Kandasamy,Chelliah, Ramachandran,Shanmugam, Sabarathinam,Varukattu, Nipun Babu,Oh, Deog-Hwan,Kathiresan, Kandasamy,Wang, Myeong-Hyeon Elsevier 2018 Journal of photochemistry and photobiology Biology Vol.185 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>This article reports the utilization of seed extract (GSE) from <I>Gardenia jasminoides</I> Ellis. in the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (Gs-AgNPs) with versatile biological activities. The synthesized Gs-AgNPs were spherical in shape, crystal lattice with an average size of 20 nm as confirmed by UV–vis spectrum, X-ray diffractometer (XRD), Transmission electron microscopy with Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (TEM-EDS) and particle size analyses (PSA). Phenolic compounds, proteins, and terpenoids were likely involved in the Gs-AgNPs synthesis, as indicated by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis. The minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of the Gs-AgNPs was 12.5 μg·ml<SUP>−1</SUP> for <I>S. enterica Typhimurium</I> and 10 μg·ml<SUP>−1</SUP> for <I>S. aureus</I>. The MBC of the Gs-AgNPs induced >70% bacterial cell death within 60 min, as confirmed by growth curve analysis followed by Confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM). Gs-AgNPs showed the highest scavenging activity for 1, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl DPPH radical (92.3 ± 0.86%), Nitric oxide (NO) radical (72.5 ± 2.15%), and Hydrogen peroxide H<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB> radical (85.25 ± 1.45%). Anticancer results revealed an IC<SUB>50</SUB> of 15.625 ± 1.3 μg·ml<SUP>−1</SUP> for Gs-AgNPs, whereas it was 580.54 ± 2.5 μg·ml<SUP>−1</SUP> for GSE. The Gs-AgNPs generated high reactive oxygen species (ROS) resulting in induced apoptosis as evident by up-regulation of apoptosis-related protein. In addition, the photocatalytic results revealed about 92% of the reduction in Coomassie Brilliant Blue dye color with Gs-AgNPs. Hence, this work provided economically viable and ecologically sustainable Gs-AgNPs as an alternative biomaterial for future therapeutic applications as antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-cancer agents and in dye degradation for water remediation.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Green synthesis of Gs-AgNPs using seed extract of <I>Gardenia jasminoides</I>. </LI> <LI> Synthesized Gs-AgNPs characterized using UV–vis, FE-TEM, EDX, XRD, and PSA. </LI> <LI> The antibacterial, anticancer and photocatalytic activity of Gs-AgNPs ascertained. </LI> <LI> Gs-AgNPs showed the high potency towards versatile bioactivity. </LI> <LI> Gs-AgNPs proved as an alternative biomaterial for future bioengineering application. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstarct</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

The fucose containing polymer (FCP) rich fraction of Ascophyllum nodosum (L.) Le Jol. protects Caenorhabditis elegans against Pseudomonas aeruginosa by triggering innate immune signaling pathways and suppression of pathogen virulence factors

Saveetha Kandasamy,Wajahatullah Khan,Garima Kulshreshtha,Franklin Evans,Alan T. Critchley,J. H. Fitton,Damien N. Stringer,Vicki-Anne Gardiner,Balakrishnan Prithiviraj 한국조류학회I 2015 ALGAE Vol.30 No.2

Brown algal extracts have long been used as feed supplements to promote health of farm animals. Here, we show new molecular insights in to the mechanism of action of a fucose containing polymer (FCP) rich fraction from the brown seaweed Ascophyllum nodosum using the Caenorhabditis elegans-Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA14 infection model. FCP enhanced survival of C. elegans against pathogen stress, correlated with up-regulation of key immune response genes such as: lipases, lysozyme (lys-1), saponin-like protein (spp-1), thaumatin-like protein (tlp-1), matridin SK domain protein (msk-1), antibacterial protein (abf-1), and lectin family protein (lfp). Further, FCP caused down regulation of P. aeruginosa quorum sensing genes: (lasI, lasR, rhlI, and rhlR), secreted virulence factors (lipase, proteases, and elastases) and toxic metabolites (pyocyanin, hydrogen cyanide, and siderophore). Biofilm formation and motility of pathogenic bacteria were also greatly attenuated when the culture media were treated with FCP. Interestingly, FCP failed to mitigate the pathogen stress in skn-1, daf-2, and pmk-1 mutants of C. elegans. This indicated that, FCP treatment acted on the regulation of fundamental innate immune pathways, which are conserved across the majority of organisms including humans. This study suggests the possible use of FCP, a seaweed component, as a functional food source for healthy living.