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A characterization of eventual periodicity
Kamae, T.,Kim, D.H. North-Holland Pub. Co ; Elsevier Science Ltd 2015 Theoretical computer science Vol.581 No.-
In this article, we show that the Kamae-Xue complexity function for an infinite sequence classifies eventual periodicity completely. We prove that an infinite binary word x<SUB>1</SUB>x<SUB>2</SUB>... is eventually periodic if and only if Σ(x<SUB>1</SUB>x<SUB>2</SUB>...x<SUB>n</SUB>)/n<SUP>3</SUP> has a positive limit, where Σ(x<SUB>1</SUB>x<SUB>2</SUB>...x<SUB>n</SUB>) is the sum of the squares of all the numbers of occurrences of finite words in x<SUB>1</SUB>x<SUB>2</SUB>...x<SUB>n</SUB>, which was introduced by Kamae-Xue as a criterion of randomness in the sense that x<SUB>1</SUB>x<SUB>2</SUB>...x<SUB>n</SUB> is more random if Σ(x<SUB>1</SUB>x<SUB>2</SUB>...x<SUB>n</SUB>) is smaller. In fact, it is known that the lower limit of Σ(x<SUB>1</SUB>x<SUB>2</SUB>...x<SUB>n</SUB>)/n<SUP>2</SUP> is at least 3/2 for any sequence x<SUB>1</SUB>x<SUB>2</SUB>..., while the limit exists as 3/2 almost surely for the (½,½) product measure. For the other extreme, the upper limit of Σ(x<SUB>1</SUB>x<SUB>2</SUB>...x<SUB>n</SUB>)/n<SUP>3</SUP> is bounded by 1/3. There are sequences which are not eventually periodic but the lower limit of Σ(x<SUB>1</SUB>x<SUB>2</SUB>...x<SUB>n</SUB>)/n<SUP>3</SUP> is positive, while the limit does not exist.
Tuncay Kamas,Banibrata Poddar,Bin Lin,Lingyu Yu 국제구조공학회 2015 Smart Structures and Systems, An International Jou Vol.16 No.5
This paper presents theoretical and experimental evaluation of the structural health monitoring (SHM) capability of piezoelectric wafer active sensors (PWAS) at elevated temperatures. This is important because the technologies for structural sensing and monitoring need to account for the thermal effect and compensate for it. Permanently installed PWAS transducers have been One of the extensively employed sensor technologies for in-situ continuous SHM. In this paper, the electro-mechanical impedance spectroscopy (EMIS) method has been utilized as a dynamic descriptor of PWAS behavior and as a high frequency standing wave local modal technique. Another SHM technology utilizes PWAS as far-field transient transducers to excite and detect guided waves propagating through the structure. This paper first presents how the EMIS method is used to qualify and quantify circular PWAS resonators in an increasing temperature environment up to 230 deg C. The piezoelectric material degradation with temperature was investigated and trends of variation with temperature were deduced from experimental measurements. These effects were introduced in a wave propagation simulation software called Wave Form Revealer (WFR). The thermal effects on the substrate material were also considered. Thus, the changes in the propagating guided wave signal at various temperatures could be simulated. The paper ends with summary and conclusions followed by suggestions for further work.
A Novel Effort Estimation Approach for Requirement Changes during Software Development Phase
Sufyan Basri,Nazri Kama,Roslina Ibrahim 보안공학연구지원센터 2015 International Journal of Software Engineering and Vol.9 No.1
Managing software changes and achieving an effective change acceptance decision is one of the crucial factors in ensuring the software project success. Accepting too many changes will cause expense and delay and rejecting the changes may cause customer dissatisfaction. One of the inputs that help in achieving an effective change acceptance decision is by having reliable estimation on the change effort. From software development perspective, the estimation has to take into account the inconsistent states of software artifacts across project lifecycle i.e., fully developed or partially developed. These inconsistent states require different ways of estimation such as the fully developed artifacts may have different calculation compared to the partially developed artifacts. Many change effort estimation approaches have been developed and one of them is using impact analysis. One main challenge of this technique from software development perspective is that this technique is specifically used for software maintenance phase in which all software artifacts have been completely developed. This research introduces a new change effort estimation approach that is able to use different estimation techniques for different states of software artifacts. The outcome of this research is a new change effort estimation approach for software development phase using the extended version of the static and dynamic analysis techniques from our previous works.
Norain Talib,Kama Azira Awang Ramli,Yusri Mohammed 아시아심장혈관영상의학회 2021 Cardiovascular Imaging Asia Vol.5 No.3
A 27-year-old pregnant female presented to our clinic for a cardiac murmur that was detected during an antenatal check-up. She had no cyanosis, and she was asymptomatic for heart failure. The echocardiogram revealed an enlarged right coronary sinus with right coronary artery (RCA) dilatation. The electrocardiographic-gated coronary computed tomography angiogram showed aneurysmal RCA dilatation with fistula to the inferobasal region of the right ventricle. A few small thrombi were visualized in the right ventricle and within the fistula. She delivered a healthy baby via caesarean section at 31 weeks of gestation, and fistula correction was planned within one year.