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Mechanisms of ASR surface cracking in a massive concrete cylinder
Kagimoto, Hiroyuki,Yasuda, Yukihiro,Kawamura, Mitsunori Techno-Press 2015 Advances in concrete construction Vol.3 No.1
Relative humidity and strains within a massive concrete cylinder (${\varphi}450mm{\times}900mm$) in the drying and the re-saturating process were measured for elucidating the process of ASR surface cracking in concrete. The expansion behavior of mortars in dry atmospheres with various R.H. values and the resaturating process was revealed. Non- or less-expansive layers were formed in near-surface regions in the concrete cylinder in the drying process, but ASR expansions actively progressed in inner portions. After resaturating, R.H. values of near-surface regions rapidly increased with time, but expansions in the regions were found to be very small. However, in the middle portions, of which R.H. values were kept 80% ~ 90% R.H. in the drying process, expansion actively progressed, resulting in further development of surface cracks in the re-saturating process.
Ihara, Chie,Kagimoto, Takashi,Masumoto, Yukio,Yamagata, Toshio The Korean Society of Oceanography 2002 Journal of the Korean Society of Oceanography Vol.37 No.3
Using OGCM results, we have shown that the ring-like cold baroclinic eddies associated with cyclonic circulation are shed from late summer to early fall near the Izu-Ogasawara Ridge from the Kuroshio Extension owing to baroclinic instability. On the other hand, warm baroclinic eddies are generated by the intensified western boundary current associated with the warm anomaly accumulated near the Ridge in winter, which corresponds to the basin-wide barotropic intensification of the wind-driven gyre in winter. We are successful in reproducing the behavior of those meso-scale eddies using a simple two-layer primitive equation model driven by seasonal winds associated with the positive curl. Those eddies carry barotropic seasonal signals originated in the Pacific Basin quite slowly west of the ridge; this process introduces a phase lag in the timing of the seasonal maximum transport in the Philippine Basin west of the ridge. It Is demonstrated that the existence of bottom topography, baroclinicity, and nonlinearity due to advection are three necessary elements for the generation of these eddies south of Japan.